Lithobates

Genus of amphibians

Lithobates

A close up of a male American bullfrog, the largest, most recognizable, and most widespread species of Lithobates
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Amphibia
Order:  | Anura
Family:  | Ranidae
Genus:  | Lithobates
Fitzinger, 1843
Type species
Rana palmipes

Spix, 1824

Species

7 to 50, depending on the definition

Lithobates is a genus of true frogs, of the family Ranidae.[1] The name is derived from litho- (stone) and the Greek bates (βάτης, one that treads), meaning one that treads on rock, or rock climber.[2][3]

The name was defined by Hillis and Wilcox (2005) for a subgenus of four Central and South American frogs within the genus Rana.[4][5] The subgenus was subsequently expanded to seven species in Central and South America in a systematic revision of the genus Rana.[6] The name was previously used by Frost et al. as a separate genus of ranid frogs that included most of the North American frogs traditionally included in the genus Rana,[7] including the American bullfrog and northern leopard frog. Frost used the name in this sense in the frog section of a North American common names list edited by Crother (2008).[8] This proposed change has since been rejected by others, such as Stuart (2008),[9] Pauly et al. (2009),[10] AmphibiaWeb,[11] and Yuan et al. (2016).[6] AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/, an online compendium of amphibian names, follows Yuan et al. (2016) in recognizing Lithobates as a subgenus.[6] On the other hand, Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an online reference, uses Lithobates as a genus.[1] This definition is also followed by, e.g., the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)[12] and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[13]

## Species[edit]

The following species are recognised in the genus Lithobates:[1]

* Lithobates areolatus (Baird and Girard, 1852) - crawfish frog
* Lithobates berlandieri (Baird, 1859) - Rio Grande leopard frog
* Lithobates blairi (Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown, and Brown, 1973) - Plains leopard frog
* Lithobates brownorum (Sanders, 1973)
* Lithobates bwana (Hillis and de Sá, 1988) - Rio Chipillico frog
* Lithobates capito (LeConte, 1855) - gopher frog
* Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) - American bullfrog
* Lithobates chichicuahutla (Cuellar, Méndez-De La Cruz, and Villagrán-Santa Cruz, 1996) - Lago de las Minas frog
* Lithobates chiricahuensis (Platz and Mecham, 1979) - Chiricahua leopard frog
* Lithobates clamitans (Latreille, 1801) - green frog
* Lithobates dunni (Zweifel, 1957) - Patzcuaro frog
* Lithobates fisheri (Stejneger, 1893) - Vegas Valley leopard frog or Mogollon Rim leopard frog
* Lithobates forreri (Boulenger, 1883) - Forrer's leopard frog
* Lithobates grylio (Stejneger, 1901) - pig frog
* Lithobates heckscheri (Wright, 1924) - river frog
* Lithobates johni (Blair, 1965) - Moore's frog
* Lithobates juliani (Hillis and de Sá, 1988) - Maya Mountains frog
* Lithobates kauffeldi (Feinberg, Newman, Watkins-Colwell, Schlesinger, Zarate, Curry, Shaffer, and Burger, 2014) - Atlantic Coast leopard frog
* Lithobates lenca (Luque-Montes et al., 2018)
* Lithobates lemosespinali (Smith and Chiszar, 2003) - Lemos-Espinal's leopard frog
* Lithobates macroglossa (Brocchi, 1877) - Guatemala plateau frog
* Lithobates maculatus (Brocchi, 1877) - highland frog
* Lithobates magnaocularis (Frost and Bagnara, 1974) - Northwest Mexico leopard frog
* Lithobates megapoda (Taylor, 1942) - big-footed leopard frog
* Lithobates miadis (Barbour and Loveridge, 1929) - island leopard frog
* Lithobates montezumae (Baird, 1854) - Montezuma leopard frog
* Lithobates neovolcanicus (Hillis and Frost, 1985) - transverse volcanic leopard frog
* Lithobates okaloosae (Moler, 1985) - Florida bog frog
* Lithobates omiltemanus (Günther, 1900) - Guerreran leopard frog
* Lithobates onca (Cope, 1875) - relict leopard frog
* Lithobates palmipes (Spix, 1824) - Amazon River frog
* Lithobates palustris (LeConte, 1825) - pickerel frog
* Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782) - northern leopard frog
* Lithobates psilonota (Webb, 2001) - smooth-backed frog
* Lithobates pueblae (Zweifel, 1955) - Puebla frog
* Lithobates pustulosus (Boulenger, 1883) - Mexican cascades frog
* Lithobates septentrionalis (Baird, 1854) - mink frog
* Lithobates sevosus (Goin and Netting, 1940) - Mississippi gopher frog
* Lithobates sierramadrensis (Taylor, 1939) - Sierra Madre frog
* Lithobates spectabilis (Hillis and Frost, 1985) - showy leopard frog
* Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope, 1886) - southern leopard frog
* Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825) - wood frog
* Lithobates tarahumarae (Boulenger, 1917) - Tarahumara frog
* Lithobates taylori (Smith, 1959) - Peralta frog
* Lithobates tlaloci (Hillis and Frost, 1985) - Tlaloc's leopard frog
* Lithobates vaillanti (Brocchi, 1877) - Vaillant's frog
* Lithobates vibicarius (Cope, 1894) - green-eyed frog
* Lithobates virgatipes (Cope, 1891) - carpenter frog
* Lithobates warszewitschii (Schmidt, 1857) - Warszewitsch's frog
* Lithobates yavapaiensis (Platz and Frost, 1984) - lowland leopard frog
* Lithobates zweifeli (Hillis, Frost, and Webb, 1984) - Zweifel's frog

Alternatively, if Lithobates is treated as a subgenus (neotropical true frogs), then this narrower definition would contain the following species:

* Rana (Lithobates) bwana Hillis and de Sá, 1988 - Rio Chipillico frog
* Rana (Lithobates) juliani Hillis and de Sá, 1988 - Maya Mountains frog
* Rana (Lithobates) maculata Brocchi, 1877 - highland frog
* Rana (Lithobates) palmipes Spix, 1824 - Amazon River frog
* Rana (Lithobates) vaillanti Brocchi, 1877 - Vaillant's frog
* Rana (Lithobates) vibicaria (Cope, 1894) - green-eyed frog
* Rana (Lithobates) warszewitschii Schmidt, 1857 - Warszewitsch's frog

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Lithobates Fitzinger, 1843". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
2. ^ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1\. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20\. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
3. ^ βάτης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project one that treads or covers
4. ^ Hillis, David M.; Wilcox, Thomas P. (2005). "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana)" (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 34 (2): 299–314. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. PMID 15619443. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28.
5. ^ Hillis, David M (2007). "Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 42 (2): 331–338. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. PMID 16997582.
6. ^ a b c Yuan, Zhi-Yong; Zhou, Wei-Wei; Chen, Xin; Poyarkov, Nikolay A.; Chen, Hong-Man; Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong; Chou, Wen-Hao; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Iizuka, Koji; Min, Mi-Sook; Kuzmin, Sergius L.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Cannatella, David C.; Hillis, David M.; Che, Jing (2016). "Spatiotemporal diversification of the true frogs (genus Rana): A historical framework for a widely studied group of model organisms". Systematic Biology. 65 (5): 824–842. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. PMID 27288482.
7. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05., Frost, Darrel R. et al. (2006): The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Number 297. New York.
8. ^ Crother, B.I. (ed.) (2008): Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North American north of Mexico - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2012-04-28.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). SSAR Herptological Circular 37:1-84.
9. ^ Stuart, Bryan L. (2008): The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(1): 49-60 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016 (HTMl abstract)
10. ^ Pauly, Greg B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (2009). "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names" (PDF). Herpetologica. 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031r1.1. S2CID 283839. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25.
11. ^ AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2012. Berkeley, California: Rana
12. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1". International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
13. ^ Crother, Brian I., ed. (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4.

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q2047738
* Wikispecies: Lithobates
* ASW: Lithobates
* BOLD: 112110
* CoL: 62XYT
* Fossilworks: 254056
* GBIF: 2427046
* iNaturalist: 60340
* IRMNG: 1431295
* ITIS: 773285
* NBN: NHMSYS0020194858
* NCBI: 192752
* uBio: 4223563
* WoRMS: 1116555

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