Manis

Genus of mammals

For other uses, see Manis (disambiguation).

Asiatic pangolin

Temporal range: 12.9–0 Ma

PreꞒ

Middle Miocene \- present[1]

Living pangolins from genus Manis
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Pholidota
Family:  | Manidae
Subfamily:  | Maninae
Gray, 1821
Genus:  | Manis
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Manis pentadactyla

Linnaeus, 1758

Species

* Manis crassicaudata
* Manis pentadactyla
* †Manis hungarica
* †Manis lydekkeri
* Subgenus: Paramanis
* Manis culionensis
* Manis javanica
* Manis mysteria
* †Manis palaeojavanica

Manis crassicaudata

Manis culionensis

Manis javanica

Manis pentadactyla

Synonyms[2][3]

synonyms of subfamily:

* Mania
* Manidae (Gray, 1821)
* Manina (Gray, 1825)[4]
* Pholidotina (Gray, 1873)

synonyms of genus:

* Pangolin (Gray, 1873)
* Pangolinus (Rafinesque, 1821)
* Paramanis (Pocock, 1924)
* Phatages (Sundevall, 1843)
* Phatagenus (Sundevall, 1843)
* Pholidotus (Brisson, 1762)
* Quaggelo (Frisch, 1775)

Manis ("spirit") is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins, the Asiatic pangolins, from subfamily Maninae, within family Manidae.[5][6]

## Etymology

[edit]

Carl Linnaeus (1758) invented the Neo-Latin generic name Manis apparently as a feminine singular form of the Latin masculine plural Manes, the Ancient Roman name for a type of spirit, after the animal's strange appearance.[7]

## Taxonomy

[edit]

* Subfamily: Maninae (Asiatic pangolins)
* Genus: Manis (Asiatic pangolins)
* Manis crassicaudata (Indian pangolin)
* Manis pentadactyla (Chinese pangolin)
* †Manis hungarica
* †Manis lydekkeri
* Subgenus: Paramanis
* Manis culionensis (Philippine pangolin)
* Manis javanica (Sunda pangolin)
* Manis mysteria[8][9]
* †Manis palaeojavanica (Giant asian pangolin)

## Phylogeny

[edit]

Phylogenetic position of genus Manis within family Manidae.[10][11][1]

Pholidotamorpha |

|  |

†Palaeanodonta

|

Pholidota |

|  |

†Euromanis

|

? |

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

|  |

†Eurotamanduidae

|

Eupholidota |

|  |

†Eomanoidea

|

Manoidea |

|  |

†Patriomanidae

|

? |

†Necromanis

Manidae |

|  Smutsiinae |

|  |

Phatagininae

|

Smutsiinae (sensu stricto)

sensu lato
? |

†Manidae sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

Maninae |

|  Manis |

|  |

|  |

Manis pentadactyla

|

? |

†Manis hungarica

|  |

|  |

Manis crassicaudata

|

? |

†Manis lydekkeri

|  ? |

Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)

|

(Paramanis) |

|  |

Manis culionensis

|

Manis javanica

? |

†Manis palaeojavanica

sensu stricto

(Pholidota sensu lato)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359
2. ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. U. S. Government Printing Office. p. 822.
3. ^ "Taxonomic history of the genus Manis". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
4. ^ J. E. Gray. (1825.) "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe." Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:337-344
5. ^ "Oldstyle id: d36852dde74a91d7c965591b175947ec". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands.
6. ^ Schlitter, D.A. (2005). "Order Pholidota". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
7. ^ "ITIS Report Manis Linnaeus, 1758". Retrieved May 28, 2018.
8. ^ Huarong Zhang, Mark P. Miller, Feng Yang, Hon Ki Chan, Philippe Gaubert, Gary Ades, Gunter A. Fischer (2015.) "Molecular tracing of confiscated pangolin scales for conservation and illegal trade monitoring in Southeast Asia", Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 4, Pages 414-422
9. ^ Jingyang Hu, Christian Roos, Xue Lv, Weimin Kuang, Li Yu (2020.) "Molecular Genetics Supports a Potential Fifth Asian Pangolin Species (Mammalia, Pholidota, Manis)" Zoological Science, 37(6):538-543
10. ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
11. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.

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Family: Manidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Order: Pholidota
* Suborder: Eupholidota
* Superfamily: Manoidea
* Family: Manidae

Subfamily:
Maninae

Genus:
Manis

southern Asian
clade

* Manis pentadactyla (subspecies M. p. aurita, M. p. pentadactyla and M. p. pusilla)
* †Manis hungarica

|

southern Asian
clade

* Manis crassicaudata
* Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)
* †Manis lydekkeri

Subgenus:
Paramanis

* Manis culionensis
* Manis javanica
* †Manis palaeojavanica

African clade

Subfamily:
Phatagininae

| Genus:
Phataginus|

* Phataginus tetradactyla
* Phataginus tricuspis

|

Subfamily:
Smutsiinae

| Genus:
Smutsia|

* Smutsia gigantea
* Smutsia temminckii
* †Smutsia olteniensis

|

Incertae sedis

* †Manidае sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

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Mammals of clade Pholidotamorpha

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Clade: Ferae
* Clade: Pholidotamorpha

Pholidotamorpha

Order:
Pholidota

Suborder:
Eupholidota

Superfamily:
Manoidea

Family:
Manidae

* See in template: Manidae

|

Family:
†Patriomanidae

* †Cryptomanis
* †Patriomanis

Incertae sedis

* †Necromanis

Superfamily:
†Eomanoidea

Family:
†Eomanidae

* †Eomanis

|

Family:
†Eurotamanduidae

* †Eurotamandua

other
representatives

* †Euromanis

Incertae sedis

* †Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

Order:
†Palaeanodonta

Family:
†Epoicotheriidae
(paraphyletic family)

* †Alocodontulum
* †Amelotabes
* †Auroratherium
* †Dipassalus
* †Tubulodon

Subfamily:
†Epoicotheriinae
(paraphyletic subfamily)

* †Pentapassalus
* †Tetrapassalus

†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium
clade

* †Epoicotherium
* †Molaetherium
* †Xenocranium

Family:
†Ernanodontidae

* †Asiabradypus
* †Ernanodon

Family:
†Escavadodontidae

* †Escavadodon

Family:
†Metacheiromyidae
(paraphyletic family)

* †Brachianodon
* †Mylanodon

Subfamily:
†Metacheiromyinae
(paraphyletic subfamily)

* †Metacheiromys
* †Palaeanodon

Subfamily:
†Propalaeanodontinae

* †Propalaeanodon

Incertae sedis

* †Arcticanodon
* †Melaniella

Taxon identifiers

Manis|

* Wikidata: Q25397
* Wikispecies: Manis
* BOLD: 3261
* EoL: 12999
* GBIF: 2437177
* iNaturalist: 43359
* ITIS: 584905
* MSW: 13900003
* NCBI: 9973
* Open Tree of Life: 644247
* Paleobiology Database: 43677
* Plazi: CB6F2097-52F4-D2F8-F964-5D291F3B4630
* ZooBank: 0719B9EF-CA19-4B7D-A7EE-B609938B07F7

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel

|

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