Museo del Prado

National art museum in Madrid, Spain

"Prado" redirects here. For other uses, see Prado (disambiguation).

Museo Nacional del Prado

Front façade (Velázquez entrance)

Established| 19 November 1819 (1819-11-19)
Location| Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Type| Art museum, historic site
Visitors| 3,337,550 (2023)[1] Ranked 13th globally (2023)[2]
Director| Miguel Falomir[3]
Public transit access|

* Banco de España
* Estación del Arte

Website| www.museodelprado.es
Architect| Juan de Villanueva

Spanish Cultural Heritage

Official name| Museo Nacional del Prado
Type| Non-movable
Criteria| Monument
Designated| 1962
Reference no.| RI-51-0001374

The Museo del Prado (/ˈprɑːdoʊ/ PRAH-doh; Spanish pronunciation: [muˈseo ðel ˈpɾaðo]), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It houses collections of European art, dating from the 12th century to the early 20th century, based on the former Spanish royal collection, and the single best collection of Spanish art. Founded as a museum of paintings and sculpture in 1819, it also contains important collections of other types of works. The numerous works by Francisco Goya, the single most extensively represented artist, as well as by Hieronymus Bosch, El Greco, Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, and Diego Velázquez, are some of the highlights of the collection. Velázquez and his keen eye and sensibility were also responsible for bringing much of the museum's fine collection of Italian masters to Spain, now one of the largest outside of Italy.

The collection currently comprises around 8,200 drawings, 7,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and 1,000 sculptures, in addition to many other works of art and historic documents. As of 2012, the museum displayed about 1,300 works in the main buildings, while around 3,100 works were on temporary loan to various museums and official institutions. The remainder were in storage.[4]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 attendance plunged by 76 percent to 852,161. Nonetheless, the Prado was ranked as the 16th most-visited museum in the list of most-visited art museums in the world in 2020.[5] It is one of the largest museums in Spain.

The Prado, with the nearby Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Reina Sofía, forms Madrid's Golden Triangle of Art, which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2021.

## History

[edit]

The building that is now the home of the Museo Nacional del Prado was designed in 1785 by architect of the Enlightenment in Spain Juan de Villanueva on the orders of Charles III to house the Natural History Cabinet. Nonetheless, the building's final function was not decided until the monarch's grandson, Ferdinand VII, encouraged by his wife, Queen María Isabel de Braganza, decided to use it as a new Royal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures. The royal museum, which would soon become known as the National Museum of Painting and Sculpture, and subsequently the Museo Nacional del Prado, opened to the public for the first time in November 1819. It was created with the double aim of showing the works of art belonging to the Spanish Crown and to demonstrate to the rest of Europe that Spanish art was of equal merit to any other national school. Also, this museum needed several renovations during the 19th and 20th centuries, because of the increase of the collection as well as the increase of the public who wants to see all the collection that the museum hosted.[6]

In the main exhibition hall, first floor

The first catalogue of the museum, published in 1819 and solely devoted to Spanish painting, included 311 paintings, although at that time the museum housed 1,510 from the various royal residences, the Reales Sitios, including works from other schools. The exceptionally important royal collection, which forms the nucleus of the present-day Museo del Prado, started to increase significantly in the 16th century during the time of Charles V and continued under the succeeding Habsburg and Bourbon monarchs. Their efforts and determination led to the royal collection being enriched by some of the masterpieces now to be seen in the Prado. These include The Descent from the Cross (van der Weyden) by Rogier van der Weyden, The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch, The Nobleman with his Hand on his Chest by El Greco, Death of the Virgin (Mantegna) by Mantegna, The Holy Family, known as "La Perla (painting)", by Raphael, Equestrian Portrait of Charles V by Titian, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet by Tintoretto, Dürer's Self-portrait at 26, Las Meninas by Velázquez, The Three Graces by Rubens, and The Family of Charles IV by Goya.[citation needed]

Francisco Goya

La maja desnuda, oil on canvas, (c. 1797–1800)

La maja vestida, oil on canvas, (c. 1797–1800)

In addition to works from the Spanish royal collection, the other holdings increased and enriched the museum with further masterpieces, such as the two Majas by Goya. Among the now closed museums whose collections have been added to that of the Prado were the Museo de la Trinidad in 1872, and the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1971. In addition, numerous legacies, donations and purchases have been of crucial importance for the growth of the collection. Various works entered the Prado from the Museo de la Trinidad, including The Fountain of Grace by the School of Van Eyck, the Santo Domingo and San Pedro Martír altarpieces painted for the monastery of Santo Tomás in Ávila by Pedro Berruguete, and the five canvases by El Greco executed for the Colegio de doña María de Aragón. Most of the Museum's 19th-century paintings come from the former Museo de Arte Moderno, including works by the Madrazos, José de Madrazo y Agudo and Federico de Madrazo, Vicente López, Carlos de Haes, Eduardo Rosales and Sorolla.[citation needed]

Upon the deposition of Isabella II in 1868, the museum was nationalized and acquired the new name of "Museo del Prado". The building housed the royal collection of arts, and it rapidly proved too small. The first enlargement to the museum took place in 1918. Since the creation of the Museo del Prado more than 2,300 paintings have been incorporated into its collection, as well as numerous sculptures, prints, drawings and works of art through bequests, donations and purchases, which account for most of the New Acquisitions. Numerous bequests have enriched the museum's holdings, such as the outstanding collection of medals left to the museum by Pablo Bosch; the drawings and items of decorative art left by Pedro Fernández Durán as well as Van der Weyden's masterpiece, Duran Madonna; and the Ramón de Errazu bequest of 19th-century paintings. Particularly important donations include Barón Emile d'Erlanger's gift of Goya's Black Paintings in 1881. Among the numerous works that have entered the collection through purchase are some outstanding ones acquired in recent years including two works by El Greco, The Fable and The Flight into Egypt acquired in 1993 and 2001, Goya's The Countess of Chinchon bought in 2000, Velázquez's Portrait of Ferdinando Brandani, acquired in 2003, Bruegel's The Wine of Saint Martin's Day bought in 2010 and Fra Angelico's Madonna of the Pomegranate purchased in 2016.[citation needed]

Statue of Diego Velázquez by Aniceto Marinas (1899), dominating the Velázquez entrance.

Between 1873 and 1900, the Prado helped decorate city halls, new universities, and churches. During the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936, the focus was on developing provincial museums. During the Spanish Civil War, upon the recommendation of the League of Nations, the museum staff removed 353 paintings, 168 drawings and the Dauphin's Treasure and sent the art to Valencia, then later to Girona, and finally to Geneva. The art had to be returned across French territory in night trains to the museum upon the commencement of World War II. During the early years of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, many paintings were sent to embassies.[7]

The main building was enlarged with short pavilions in the rear between 1900 and 1960. The next enlargement was the incorporation of two buildings (nearby but not adjacent) into the institutional structure of the museum: the Casón del Buen Retiro, which is equipped to display up to 400 paintings and which housed the bulk of the 20th-century art from 1971 to 1997, and the Salón de Reinos (Throne building), formerly the Army Museum.

In 1993, an extension proposed by the Prado's director at the time, Felipe Garin, was quickly abandoned after a wave of criticism.[8] In the late 1990s, a $14 million roof work forced the Velázquez masterpiece Las Meninas to change galleries twice.[9] In 1998, the Prado annex in the nearby Casón del Buen Retiro closed for a $10 million two-year overhaul that included three new underground levels. In 2007, the museum finally executed Rafael Moneo's project to expand its exposition room to 16,000 square meters, hoping to increase the yearly number of visitors from 1.8 million to 2.5 million.

The cafeteria in the underground extension by Rafael Moneo

A glass-roofed and wedge-shaped foyer now contains the museum's shops and cafeteria, removing them from the main building to make more room for galleries.[9] The 16th-century Cloister of Jerónimo has been removed stone by stone to make foundations for increased stability of surrounding buildings and will be re-assembled in the new museum's extension. Hydraulic jacks had to be used to prevent the basement walls from falling during construction. [10] The enlargement is an underground building which connects the main building to another one entirely reconstructed.

In November 2016, it was announced that British architect Norman Foster, in a joint project with Carlos Rubio Carvajal, is to renovate the Hall of Realms, which once formed part of the Buen Retiro palace and transform it into a $32 million extension of the Prado. The museum announced the selection of Foster and Rubio after a jury reviewed the proposals of the eight competition finalists – including David Chipperfield, Rem Koolhaas and Eduardo Souto de Moura –[11] who had already been shortlisted from an initial list of 47 international teams of architects.[12] The building was acquired by the Prado in 2015, after having served as an army museum until 2005. The project is designed to give the Prado about 61,500 square feet of additional available space, of which about 27,000 square feet will be used to exhibit works.[12] Only in 2021, the Spanish government approved the plans and awarded the project 36 million euros.[13]

## Historic structure

[edit]

North façade (Goya entrance)

South façade (Murillo entrance)

The Prado Museum building is one of the buildings constructed during the reign of Charles III (Carlos III) as part of a grandiose building scheme designed to bestow upon Madrid a monumental urban space. The building was initially conceived by José Moñino y Redondo, count of Floridablanca, and was commissioned in 1785 by Charles III for the reurbanización of the Paseo del Prado. To this end, Charles III called on one of his favorite architects, Juan de Villanueva, author also of the nearby Botanical Garden and the City Hall of Madrid.[14]

The prado ("meadow") that was where the museum now stands gave its name to the area, the Salón del Prado (later Paseo del Prado), and to the museum itself upon nationalisation. Work on the building stopped at the conclusion of Charles III's reign and throughout the Peninsular War and was only initiated again during the reign of Charles III's grandson, Ferdinand VII. The premises had been used as headquarters for the cavalry and a gunpowder-store for the Napoleonic troops based in Madrid during the war.

The next renovations that this museum will undergo will be conducted by British architect Norman Foster. This renovation was approved in June 2020 and is expected to take a minimum of four years.[15]

## Collection highlights

[edit]

Main article: Spanish royal collection

Further information: Category:Collection of the Museo del Prado

See also: British paintings in the Museo del Prado

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, between 1480 and 1505 Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, between 1656 and 1657 Diego Velázquez, The Triumph of Bacchus, 1628–29

### Selected works

[edit]

* Rogier van der Weyden, The Descent from the Cross, c. 1435

* Andrea Mantegna, Death of the Virgin, c. 1461

* Antonello da Messina, The Dead Christ Supported by an Angel, c. 1475

* Albrecht Dürer Self-portrait, 1498

* Albrecht Dürer Adam and Eve, 1507

* Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, c. 1510

* Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, c. 1510–11

* Joachim Patinir, Landscape with Charon Crossing the Styx, c. 1515–1524

* Tintoretto, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet, c. 1518

* Raphael, The Pearl, c. 1518–1520

* Correggio, Noli me tangere, c. 1525

* Titian, Bacchanal of the Andrians, c. 1523–1526

* Titian, Equestrian Portrait of Charles V, c. 1548

* Titian, La Gloria (Titian), c. 1554

* Titian, The Fall of Man, c. 1570

* El Greco, Holy Trinity (El Greco), 1577–1579

* El Greco, The Knight with His Hand on His Breast, c. 1580

* Paolo Veronese, Venus and Adonis, c. 1580

* Caravaggio, David and Goliath, 1600

* Georges de La Tour, Ciego tocando la zanfonía, 1610–1630

* Guido Reni, Hipómenes y Atalanta, 1618–19

* El Greco, The Adoration of the Shepherds (El Greco, Madrid), 1577–1579

* Joos de Momper, Landscape with Sea and Mountains, c. 1623

* Gaspar de Crayer, Caritas Romana, c. 1625

* Nicolas Poussin, Parnassus, c. 1630–31

* Rembrandt, Artemisia, c. 1634

* Anthony van Dyck, Self-portrait with Endymion Porter, c. 1635

* Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634–35

* Diego Velázquez, Mars Resting, 1639–1641

* José de Ribera, Jacob's Dream, 1639

* Peter Paul Rubens, The Judgement of Paris, 1638–39

* Claude Lorrain El embarque de santa Paula, 1639–40

* Francisco de Zurbarán, Agnus Dei, 1635–1640

* Francisco de Zurbarán, Still Life with Pots, c. 1650

* Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, La Inmaculada de Soult, 1678

* Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Immaculate Conception, 1767

* Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808, 1814

* Francisco Goya, The Dog, 1819–1823

* Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring His Son, 1819–1823

* Paul Baudry, The Pearl and the Wave, 1862

* Antonio Gisbert Pérez, Execution of Torrijos and his Companions on the Beach at Málaga, 1882

## Management

[edit]

Fra Angelico, Annunciation, 1430–32 Raphael, Christ Falling on the Way to Calvary, 1517 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Triumph of Death, c. 1562 Peter Paul Rubens, The Adoration of the Magi, 1609/1628–1629 Peter Paul Rubens, The Three Graces, c. 1635

### Funding

[edit]

In 1991, Manuel Villaescusa bequeathed his fortune of nearly $40 million in Madrid real estate to the Prado, to be used solely for the acquisition of paintings. The museum subsequently sold Villaescusa's buildings to realize income from them. The bequest suddenly made the Prado one of the most formidable bidders for paintings in the world.[16]

Until the early 2000s, the Prado's annual income was approximately $18 million, $15 million of which came from the government and the remainder from private contributions, publications, and admissions.[16] In 2001, the conservative government of José María Aznar decided to change the museum's financing platform, ushering in a public-private partnership. Under its new bylaws, which the Cortes Generales approved in 2003, the Prado must gradually reduce its level of state support to 50 percent from 80 percent. In exchange, the museum gained control of the budget — which was roughly €35 million in 2004 — and the power to raise money from corporate donations and merchandising.[17] However, its 2004 €150 million expansion was paid for by the Spanish state.[17]

### Directors

[edit]

The first four directors were drawn from nobility. From 1838 to 1960, the directors were mostly artists. Since then, most of them have been art historians.

* The Marquess of Santa Cruz, 1817–1820
* The Prince of Anglona, 1820–1823
* José Idiáquez Carvajal [es], 1823–1826
* The Duke of Híjar, 1826–1838
* José de Madrazo, 1838–1857
* Juan Antonio de Ribera, 1857–1860
* Federico de Madrazo, 1860–1868
* Antonio Gisbert, 1868–1873
* Francisco Sans Cabot, 1873–1881
* Federico de Madrazo, 1881–1894
* Vicente Palmaroli, 1894–1896
* Francisco Pradilla, 1896–1898
* Luis Álvarez Catalá, 1898–1901
* José Villegas Cordero, 1901–1918
* Aureliano de Beruete y Moret, 1918–1922
* Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor, 1922–1931
* Ramón Pérez de Ayala, 1931–1936
* Pablo Ruiz Picasso, 1936–1939
* Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor, 1939–1960
* Francisco Javier Sánchez Cantón, 1960–1968
* Diego Angulo Íñiguez, 1968–1971
* Xavier de Salas Bosch [es], 1971–1978
* José Manuel Pita Andrade [es], 1978–1981
* Federico Sopeña [es], 1981–1983
* Alfonso Pérez Sánchez [es], 1983–1991
* Felipe Garín Llombart, 1991–1993
* Francisco Calvo Serraller, 1993–1994
* José María Luzón Nogué [es], 1994–1996
* Fernando Checa Cremades [es], 1996–2002
* Miguel Zugaza Miranda [es], 2002–2017
* Miguel Falomir [es], 2017 – present

## In Google Earth

[edit]

In 2009, the Prado Museum selected 14 of its most important paintings to be displayed in Google Earth and Google Maps at extremely high resolution, with the largest displayed at 14,000 megapixels. The images' zoom capability allows for close-up views of paint texture and fine detail.[18][19]

## Nearby museums

[edit]

A few meters away there are two museums of international significance, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Museo Reina Sofía.

Nearby is the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. The Museo Arqueológico houses the archaeological collections formerly in the collection of the Prado, with works from Spain, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome.

The Naval museum, managed by the Ministry of Defence, is also nearby.

## Special exhibitions

[edit]

Between 8 November 2011 and 25 March 2012, a group of 179 works of art were brought to the Museo del Prado from the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.[20] Notable works included:

* A Scholar (1631), by Rembrandt
* The Lute Player (c. 1596), by Caravaggio
* Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647), by Bernini
* Game of Bowls (1908), by Henri Matisse
* Bouquet of Cornflowers with Stems of Oats in a Vase (c. 1900), by House of Fabergé
* Pond at Montgeron (1876), by Claude Monet
* Belt buckle with a monster attacking a horse, (4th–3rd century BC), (gold ornament from Peter I's Siberian Collection)
* Moonrise, Two Men on the Shore (c. 1900), by Caspar David Friedrich
* Composition VI (1913), by Wassily Kandinsky
* Metaphysical Still life (1918), by Giorgio Morandi

Conversely, for the first time in its 200-year history, the Museo del Prado has toured an exhibition of its renowned collection of Italian masterpieces at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia, from 16 May 2014 until 31 August 2014. Many of the works have never before left Spain.[citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

* List of largest art museums
* Josefa Bayeu (painting)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "El Museo Nacional del Prado ha recibido 3.337.550 visitas en 2023". museodelprado.es. Museo Del Prado. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
2. ^ Cheshire, Lee; da Silva, José (27 March 2023). "The 100 most popular art museums in the world—who has recovered and who is still struggling?". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
3. ^ Barrigós, Concha (21 March 2017). "Miguel Falomir, nuevo director del Prado: "Nunca, nunca pediré el traslado del 'Guernica'"". 20 minutos. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
4. ^ "The Collection: origins". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 15 November 2012.See also Museo del Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas, 1996, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Madrid, No ISBN, which lists about 7,800 paintings. Many works have been passed to the Museo Reina Sofia and other museums over the years; others are on loan or in storage. On the new displays, see El Prado se reordena y agranda. europapress.es here (in Spanish)
5. ^ "The Art Newspaper", 31 March 2021
6. ^ "La historia del Museo del Prado". Vipealo. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
7. ^ Alan Riding (1 August 1990). "The Prado Finds Out What It Has and Where". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
8. ^ Alan Riding (1 May 1995). "The Prado Embarks On Plans to Expand Into a Complex". New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
9. ^ a b Al Goodman (19 November 1998). "At Long Last, Expanding Spain's Treasure Chest". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
10. ^ "Chronology of the extension". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
11. ^ Hannah McGivern (25 November 2016), Norman Foster to design Prado extension in historic palace Archived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
12. ^ a b Raphael Minder (25 November 2016), Norman Foster to Remodel Palace for Prado Extension New York Times.
13. ^ Gareth Harris (30 September 2021), Prado extension designed by Norman Foster finally gets the green light The Art Newspaper.
14. ^ "Chronology of Museo del Prado, 1785" (in Spanish). Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
15. ^ "Así es la ampliación del Museo del Prado de Norman Foster". ABC. 25 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
16. ^ a b Michael Kimmelman (21 November 1993). "New Brooms Sweep Madrid's Museums". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
17. ^ a b Dale Fuchs (24 December 2004). "The art of financing the Prado". New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
18. ^ Tremlett, Giles (14 January 2009). "Online gallery zooms in on Prado's masterpieces (even the smutty bits)". The Guardian. London: Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
19. ^ "The Prado in Google Earth". Google.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
20. ^ "The Hermitage in the Prado". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 15 November 2012.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Alcolea Blanch, Santiago. The Prado, translated from the Spanish by Richard-Lewis Rees and Angela Patricia Hall. New York: Abrams 1991. ISBN 0-8109-8147-5
* Araujo Sánchez, Ceferino. Los museos de España. Madrid 1875.
* Blanco, Antonio. Museo del Prado. Catálago de la Escultura. I Esculturas clásicas. II. Escultura, copia e imitaciones de las antiguas) (siglos XVI–XVIII). Madrid 1957.
* Luca de Tena, Consuelo and Mena, Manuela. Guía actualizada del Prado. Madrid: Alfiz 1985.
* Rumeu de Armas, Antonio. Origen y fundación del Museo del Prado. Madrid: Instituto de España 1980.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Museo del Prado (category)

* Official website
* Masterworks in the collection
* Prado in Google Earth (extra high resolution)

* v
* t
* e

Museo del Prado

Buildings

* Villanueva building
* Casón del Buen Retiro
* Hall of Realms
* Cloister of Saint Jerome

Paintings

| Spanish|

* Esquivel: José de Espronceda
* Gisbert: Execution of Torrijos and his Companions on the Beach at Málaga
* Goya: Allegory of Industry – Asmodea – Atropos – Blind Man's Bluff – Boys playing soldiers – Charles IV of Spain and His Family – Los caprichos – Christ Crucified – The Clothed Maja – The Colossus – The Countess of Chinchon – Los disparates – The Dog – The Drunk Mason – The Duchess of Alba and la Beata – Fight with Cudgels – Judith and Holofernes – La Leocadia – Man Mocked by Two Women – La novillada – Portrait of the Marchioness of Santa Cruz – Men Reading – The Milkmaid of Bordeaux – The Naked Maja – The Parasol – A Pilgrimage to San Isidro – Pilgrimage to the Fountain of San Isidro – Saturn Devouring His Son – The Second of May 1808 – Self-portrait at 69 years – Summer – The Third of May 1808 – Two Old Men – Two Old Ones Eating Soup – The Victorious Hannibal Seeing Italy from the Alps for the First Time – Witches' Flight – Witches' Sabbath (The Great He-Goat)
* El Greco: The Nobleman with his Hand on his Chest – Adoration of the Shepherds – Doña María de Aragón Altarpiece – Annunciation – Christ Carrying the Cross – The Fable – The Flight into Egypt – Holy Face of Jesus – Holy Trinity – Julián Romero and Saint Julian – Portrait of a Doctor – Portrait of a Gentleman – Portrait of a Young Nobleman – Portrait of an Elderly Man – Portrait of an Unknown Gentleman – Portrait of Jerónimo de Cevallos – Portrait of Rodrigo Vázquez de Arce – Saint Andrew and Saint Francis – Saint Anthony of Padua – Saint Bernardino of Siena [1] – Saint James the Great – Saint John the Evangelist – Saint Paul – Saint Sebastian – Saint Thomas the Apostle – Holy Trinity – The Saviour – Virgin Mary
* Luna: The Death of Cleopatra
* Maíno: Adoration of the Magi – Portrait of a Gentleman – The Recovery of Bahía de Todos los Santos
* Murillo: Adoration of the Shepherds (1650) – Aranjuez Immaculate Conception – The Christ Child and the Infant John the Baptist with a Shell – Christ on the Cross (1675, 1677) – The Conversion of Saint Paul – The Good Shepherd – The Holy Family with a Little Bird – The Immaculate Conception of El Escorial – The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables – The Martyrdom of Saint Andrew – Our Lady of the Rosary – The Patrician's Dream – Rebecca and Eleazar
* Pradilla: Doña Joanna the Mad
* Ribera: Jacob's Dream – Democritus – Isaac and Jacob – Ixion – Tityos – The Martyrdom of Saint Philip – The Blind Sculptor
* Sánchez Gallque: The Mulattos of Esmeraldas [2]
* Velázquez: Las Meninas – The Triumph of Bacchus – Las Hilanderas – The Surrender of Breda – Mars Resting – Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV – Equestrian Portrait of Elisabeth of France – Equestrian Portrait of Prince Balthasar Charles – Equestrian Portrait of Philip III – Equestrian Portrait of Margarita of Austria – Equestrian Portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares – Adoration of the Magi – Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan – Christ Crucified – Coronation of the Virgin – View of the Garden of the Villa Medici – Prince Balthasar Charles as a Hunter – Portrait of the Infante Don Carlos – Doña Antonia de Ipeñarrieta y Galdós and Her Son Don Luis – The Jester Barbarroja – The Jester Calabacillas – The Jester Don Diego de Acedo – The Jester Don John of Austria – Portrait of Francisco Lezcano – Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Pink Dress – Portrait of Maria Anna – Portrait of Juan Martínez Montañés – The Nun Jerónima de la Fuente – Portrait of Pablo de Valladolid – Portrait of Philip IV in Armour – Portrait of Mariana of Austria – Portrait of Sebastián de Morra
* Zurbarán: Agnus Dei – The Death of Hercules – The Defence of Cádiz Against the English – Hercules and the Hydra – Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla – Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion – Saint Elizabeth of Portugal – Saint Luke Painting the Crucifixion – Saint Peter Nolasco's Vision of Saint Peter the Apostle – Still Life with Pots – The Vision of Saint Peter Nolasco

|

Dutch,
Flemish,
German|

* Anonymous: The Fountain of Life
* Baldung: The Ages and Death
* Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights – Adoration of the Magi – Cutting the Stone – The Haywain Triptych – Head of a Halberdier – The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things – The Temptation of St Anthony
* Bouts: Triptych with Scenes from the Life of the Virgin
* Bruegel the Elder: The Triumph of Death – The Wine of Saint Martin's Day – Excursion in the Countryside of Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia – Life in the Countryside – The Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia in the Mariemont Park (with de Momper) – Landscape (with de Momper) – The Five Senses (with Rubens)
* Campin: Marriage of the Virgin – Werl Triptych
* de Crayer: Caritas Romana (1625)
* David: Rest on the Flight into Egypt
* Dürer: Adam and Eve – Self-Portrait
* van Dyck: Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter – The Betrayal of Christ – The Brazen Serpent – Diana and a Nymph Surprised by a Satyr – Saint Rosalia – The Crowning with Thorns
* van Hemessen: The Surgeon
* Francken the Younger: The Sciences and the Arts
* Jordaens: Apollo as Victor over Pan – Meleager and Atalanta – The Painter's Family
* Memling: Adoration of the Magi
* Mengs: Portrait of José Nicolás de Azara
* de Momper: Landscape with Sea and Mountains – A Farm – Flemish Market and Washing Place – Landscape with Skaters – The Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia in the Mariemont Park (with Brueghel the Elder) – Landscape (with Brueghel the Elder)
* Patinir: Landscape with Charon Crossing the Styx
* Rembrandt: Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes
* Rubens: The Judgement of Paris (1638) – The Three Graces – Adoration of the Magi – The Dance of the Villagers – Diana and Callisto – Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma – The Fall of Man – The Garden of Love – The Birth of the Milky Way – The Rape of Europa – The Rape of Ganymede – Saint George and the Dragon – Saturn – The Triumph of the Church – Deucalion and Pyrrha – The Five Senses (with Brueghel the Elder)
* Stom: The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
* Strobel: Feast of Herod with the Beheading of St John the Baptist
* Teniers the Younger: Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in his Painting Gallery in Brussels (1651)
* Verhaecht: Alpine Landscape
* van der Weyden: The Descent from the Cross – Durán Madonna

Italian|

* Fra Angelico: Annunciation
* Anguissola: Portrait of Elisabeth of Valois – Portrait of Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia [3] – Portrait of Giovanni Battista Caselli
* Barocci: Nativity
* Bellini: Madonna and Child with Saint Mary Magdalene and Saint Ursula
* Botticelli: The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti, part one
* Caravaggio: David and Goliath
* Carracci: Assumption of the Virgin – Mural Paintings from the Herrera Chapel – Venus, Adonis and Cupid
* Correggio: Noli me tangere – Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist
* A. Gentileschi: The Birth of Saint John the Baptist
* O. Gentileschi: The Finding of Moses (1633)
* Leonardo: Mona Lisa (by his studio)
* Lotto: Portrait of Marsilio Cassotti and His Bride Faustina
* Mantegna: Death of the Virgin
* Parmigianino: Holy Family with Angels – Portrait of Camilla Gonzaga and Her Three Sons – Portrait of Pier Maria Rossi di San Secondo – Saint Barbara
* Raphael: Portrait of a Cardinal – Christ Falling on the Way to Calvary – Madonna of the Rose – Visitation – La Perla (with Romano)
* Romano: Holy Family under an Oak Tree
* Andrea del Sarto: Sacrifice of Isaac
* Tintoretto: Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet – Joseph and Potiphar's Wife – Judith and Holofernes (by his studio) – The Washing of the Feet
* Tiepolo: The Immaculate Conception
* Titian: The Bacchanal of the Andrians – Equestrian Portrait of Charles V – The Fall of Man – Alfonso d'Avalos Addressing his Troops – Danaë Receiving the Golden Rain (1565) – The Entombment – La Gloria – Virgin and Child Between Saints Anthony of Padua and Roch – Mater Dolorosa – Philip II in Armour – Portrait of Charles V with a Dog – Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga – Portrait of Isabella of Portugal – Sisyphus – Tityus – Religion saved by Spain – Self-Portrait (1567) – Saint Margaret and the Dragon – Venus and Adonis (1554) – Venus and Musician (1550, 1555) – The Virgin and Child with Saint George and Saint Dorothy – The Worship of Venus
* Veronese: Venus and Adonis – Christ Among the Doctors – The Finding of Moses

French|

* Anonymous: Agony in the Garden
* Baudry: The Pearl and the Wave
* van Loo: The Family of Philip V (1743)
* Lorrain: Landscape with St Paula of Rome Embarking at Ostia – The Ford – Landscape with St María de Cervelló – Landscape with the Burial of St Serapia – Landscape with the Finding of Moses – Landscape with the Temptation of St Anthony – Landscape with Tobias and Raphael
* Poussin: Parnassus – Landscape with Three Figures – Saint Cecilia
* Ranc: The Family of Philip V (1723) – Portrait of Ferdinand VI as a Boy
* Watteau: Marriage Contract and Country Dancing
* Vouet: Time Defeated by Love, Beauty and Hope

Other|

* British paintings

Sculptures

| Rome|

* The Apotheosis of Claudius
* Castor and Pollux

|

* [1] On display at El Greco Museum in Toledo
* [2] On display at Museo de América in Madrid
* [3] On display at the Spanish Embassy in Paris

* Category

* v
* t
* e

National Museums of Spain

Prado National Museum (Madrid)
Queen Sofía Art Center National Museum (Madrid)
Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (Madrid)

Art|

* National Museum and Research Center of Altamira (Santillana del Mar)
* Museum of the Americas (Madrid)
* National Museum of Anthropology (Madrid)
* National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)
* National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology (Cartagena)
* The House of Architecture (Madrid)
* González Martí National Museum of Ceramics and Decorative Arts (Valencia)
* Cerralbo Museum (Madrid)
* Cervantes' House Museum (Valladolid)
* Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center (Madrid)
* National Museum of Decorative Arts (Madrid)
* El Greco Museum (Toledo)
* Lázaro Galdiano Museum[1] (Madrid)
* National Museum of Roman Art (Mérida)
* National Museum of Romanticism (Madrid)
* National Museum of Sculpture (Valladolid)
* Sephardic Museum (Toledo)
* Sorolla Museum (Madrid)
* National Museum of Theatre (Almagro)

Military|

* Museum of the Army (Toledo)
* Naval Museum (Madrid)
* Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Madrid)

Science and
technology|

* Royal Botanical Garden[1] (Madrid)
* Geomineral Museum[1] (Madrid)
* Museum of the Royal Mint[1] (Madrid)
* National Museum of Natural Sciences (Madrid)
* Railway Museum[1] (Madrid)
* Railway Museum of Catalonia[1] (Vilanova i la Geltrú)
* National Museum of Science and Technology (La Coruña and Alcobendas)

[1] State-owned museum in the same "Museums of Spain Network" but not styled "National Museum".

* v
* t
* e

Juan de Villanueva

Projects|

* Casita del Infante (1773)
* House of the Prince in El Escorial (1770s)
* House of the Prince in El Pardo (1780s)
* Royal Botanical Garden (1781)
* Prado Museum (1785)
* Royal Academy of History (1788)
* Oratory of the Caballero de Gracia (1789)
* Royal Observatory of Madrid (1790)
* Reconstruction of Plaza Mayor (1791)

* v
* t
* e

Rafael Moneo

Projects|

* National Museum of Roman Art (1986)
* Madrid Atocha railway station remodeling and extension (1992)
* Palace of Villahermosa transformation into Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (1992)
* Seville Airport main terminal (1992)
* Davis Museum at Wellesley College (1993)
* Moderna Museet and Swedish Centre for Architecture and Design complex (1997)
* L'Auditori (1999)
* Kursaal Congress Centre and Auditorium (1999)
* Audrey Jones Beck Building (2000)
* Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (2002)
* Valladolid Science Museum (2003)
* Prado Museum extension (2007)
* Rhode Island School of Design Museum Chace Center (2008)
* Princeton Neuroscience Institute Scully Hall (2013)

* v
* t
* e

Laureates of the Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities

Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities

* 1981: María Zambrano
* 1982: Mario Bunge
* 1983: El País newspaper
* 1984: Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz
* 1985: José Ferrater Mora
* 1986: Grupo Globo
* 1987: El Espectador and El Tiempo newspapers
* 1988: Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
* 1989: Pedro Laín Entralgo and Fondo de Cultura Económica
* 1990: José Simeón Cañas Central American University
* 1991: Luis María Anson
* 1992: Emilio García Gómez
* 1993: Vuelta magazine by Octavio Paz
* 1994: Spanish Missions in Rwanda and Burundi
* 1995: EFE Agency and José Luis López Aranguren
* 1996: Indro Montanelli and Julián Marías
* 1997: Václav Havel and CNN
* 1998: Reinhard Mohn
* 1999: Caro and Cuervo Institute
* 2000: Umberto Eco
* 2001: George Steiner
* 2002: Hans Magnus Enzensberger
* 2003: Ryszard Kapuściński and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
* 2004: Jean Daniel
* 2005: Alliance française, Società Dante Alighieri, British Council, Goethe-Institut, Instituto Cervantes and Instituto Camões
* 2006: National Geographic Society
* 2007: Nature and Science journals
* 2008: Google
* 2009: National Autonomous University of Mexico
* 2010: Alain Touraine and Zygmunt Bauman
* 2011: Royal Society
* 2012: Shigeru Miyamoto
* 2013: Annie Leibovitz
* 2014: Quino

Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities

* 2015: Emilio Lledó Íñigo
* 2016: James Nachtwey
* 2017: Les Luthiers
* 2018: Alma Guillermoprieto
* 2019: Museo del Prado
* 2020: Guadalajara International Book Fair and Hay Festival of Literature & Arts
* 2021: Gloria Steinem
* 2022: Adam Michnik
* 2023: Nuccio Ordine
* 2024: Marjane Satrapi

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* 2
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Norway
* Latvia
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* Vatican
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* ULAN

Other|

* IdRef

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