NPR

American nonprofit media organization

For other uses, see NPR (disambiguation).

National Public Radio

Type| Public radio network
Country|

United States

First air date

| April 20, 1971; 51 years ago (1971-04-20)
Availability| Global
Founded| February 26, 1970; 52 years ago (1970-02-26)
Endowment| $258 million
Revenue|  $258.734 million (2019)[1]

Net income

|  $5.95 million (2019)[1]
Headquarters|

* 1111 North Capitol Street NE, Washington, D.C.
* Culver City, California

Broadcast area

* United States
* Guam
* Puerto Rico
* American Forces Network

Parent| National Public Radio, Inc.

Key people

| John Lansing
(CEO)

Former names

* Association of Public Radio Stations
* National Educational Radio Network

Affiliation(s)| WRN Broadcast

Official website

| npr.org

National Public Radio (NPR, stylized in all lowercase) is an American privately and publicly funded nonprofit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.[2] It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations such as Associated Press, in that it was established by an act of Congress,[3] and most of its member stations are owned by government entities (often public universities). It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.[4]

NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. The organization's flagship shows are two drive-time news broadcasts: Morning Edition and the afternoon All Things Considered, both carried by most NPR member stations, and among the most popular radio programs in the country.[5][6] As of March 2018[update], the drive-time programs attract an audience of 14.9 million and 14.7 million per week, respectively.[7]

NPR manages the Public Radio Satellite System, which distributes its programs and other programming from independent producers and networks such as American Public Media and Public Radio Exchange, and which also acts as a primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System. Its content is also available on-demand online, on mobile networks, and in many cases, as podcasts.[8] Several NPR stations also carry programs from British public broadcaster BBC World Service.

## Contents

* 1 Name
* 2 History
* 2.1 1970s
* 2.2 1980s
* 2.3 1990s
* 2.4 2000s
* 2.5 2010s
* 3 Governance
* 4 Funding
* 4.1 Funding pre-2000
* 4.2 Funding in the 2000s
* 4.3 Underwriting spots versus commercials
* 5 Audience
* 6 Digital media
* 6.1 NPR One
* 7 Programming
* 7.1 Programs produced by NPR
* 7.1.1 News and public affairs programs
* 7.1.2 Storytelling and cultural programming (in house)
* 7.1.2.1 Podcasts
* 7.1.3 Music programming
* 7.2 Programs distributed by NPR
* 7.2.1 News and public affairs
* 7.2.2 Storytelling and cultural programming
* 7.2.3 Music programming
* 7.3 Notable public radio programs not affiliated with NPR
* 7.3.1 American Public Media
* 7.3.2 Public Radio Exchange
* 7.3.3 WNYC Studios
* 7.3.4 Independent
* 8 Controversies
* 8.1 Allegations of ideological bias
* 8.2 Live from Death Row commentaries
* 8.3 Euphemisms for "torture"
* 8.4 Juan Williams comments
* 8.5 Ronald Schiller comments
* 8.6 July 4 reading of the Declaration of Independence
* 8.7 Sexual harassment
* 9 Publications
* 10 See also
* 11 References
* 12 Further reading
* 13 External links

## Name[edit]

The organization's legal name is National Public Radio and its trademarked brand is NPR; it is known by both names.[9] In June 2010, the organization announced that it was "making a conscious effort to consistently refer to ourselves as NPR on-air and online" because NPR is the common name for the organization and the tag line "This ... is NPR" has been used by its radio hosts for many years.[9] However, National Public Radio remains the legal name of the group, as it has been since 1970.[9]

## History[edit]

### 1970s[edit]

1970s logo

National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26, 1970, following Congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.[10] This act was signed into law by 36th President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which also created the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) for television in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a board of directors chaired by Bernard Mayes.

The board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member local stations, and studios in Washington, D.C.[11]

NPR aired its first broadcast on April 20, 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the ongoing Vietnam War in Southeast Asia. The afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered premiered on May 3, 1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations. Morning Edition premiered on November 5, 1979, first hosted by Bob Edwards.

### 1980s[edit]

NPR suffered an almost-fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly $7 million (equivalent to $19 million in 2022 dollars). After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's then-president Frank Mankiewicz, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend the network money in order to stave off bankruptcy.[12] In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend that it had previously received directly would be divided among local stations instead; in turn, those stations would support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture (the Public Radio Satellite System), making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt.[13]

1990s logo

### 1990s[edit]

Delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPR's CEO and president in January 1994.[14] Lewis resigned in August 1998.[14][15] In November 1998, NPR's board of directors hired Kevin Klose, the director of the International Broadcasting Bureau, as its president and chief executive officer.[15]

### 2000s[edit]

> September 11th attacks made it apparent in a very urgent way that we need another facility that could keep NPR going if something devastating happens in Washington.

Jay Kernis, NPR's senior VP for programming[16]

NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. With room for up to 90 employees, it was established to expand its production capabilities, improve its coverage of the western United States, and create a backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of a catastrophe in Washington, D.C.[16]

In November 2003, NPR received $235 million from the estate of the late Joan B. Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald's Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution.[17][18]

In 2004 NPR's budget increased by over 50% to $153 million due to the Kroc gift. Of the money, $34 million was deposited in its endowment.[19] The endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff and reduce some member stations' fees.[17] The 2005 budget was about $120 million.

In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR and member stations. By November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times. Ten years later, by March 2015, users downloaded podcasts produced only by NPR 94 million times,[20] and NPR podcasts like Fresh Air and the TED Radio Hour routinely made the iTunes Top Podcasts list.[21]

Ken Stern became chief executive in September 2006, reportedly as the "hand-picked successor" of CEO Kevin Klose, who gave up the job but remained as NPR's president; Stern had worked with Klose at Radio Free Europe.[22]

On December 10, 2008, NPR announced that it would reduce its workforce by 7% and cancel the news programs Day to Day and News & Notes.[23] The organization indicated this was in response to a rapid drop in corporate underwriting in the wake of the economic crisis of 2008.[23]

In the fall of 2008, NPR programming reached a record 27.5 million people weekly, according to Arbitron ratings figures. NPR stations reach 32.7 million listeners overall.[24]

In March 2008, the NPR Board announced that Stern would be stepping down from his role as chief executive officer, following conflict with NPR's board of directors "over the direction of the organization," including issues NPR's member station managers had had with NPR's expansion into new media "at the expense of serving" the stations that financially support NPR.[22]

As of 2009, corporate sponsorship made up 26% of the NPR budget.[25]

### 2010s[edit]

NPR's former headquarters at 635 Massachusetts Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. (demolished in 2013)

The new NPR sign at 1111 North Capitol St, NE.

In October 2010, NPR accepted a $1.8 million grant from the Open Society Institute. The grant is meant to begin a project called Impact of Government that was intended to add at least 100 journalists at NPR member radio stations in all 50 states by 2013.[26] The OSI has made previous donations, but does not take on-air credit for its gifts.[27]

In April 2013, NPR moved from its home of 19 years (635 Massachusetts Avenue NW) to new offices and production facilities at 1111 North Capitol Street NE in a building adapted from the former C&P Telephone Warehouse and Repair Facility.[28] The new headquarters—at the corner of North Capitol Street NE and L Street NW—is in the burgeoning NoMa neighborhood of Washington.[29] The first show scheduled to be broadcast from the new studios was Weekend Edition Saturday.[30] Morning Edition was the last show to move to the new location.[31] In June 2013 NPR canceled the weekday call-in show Talk of the Nation.[32]

In September 2013, certain of NPR's 840 full- and part-time employees were offered a voluntary buyout plan, with the goal of reducing staff by 10 percent and returning NPR to a balanced budget by the 2015 fiscal year.[33]

In December 2018, The Washington Post reported that between 20 and 22 percent of NPR staff was classified as temps, while this compares to about five percent of a typical for-profit television station. Some of the temporary staff members told the newspaper the systems was "exploitative", but NPR's president of operations said the current systems was in place because the station is a "media company that strives to be innovative and nimble."[34]

In December 2018, NPR launched a new podcast analytics technology called Remote Audio Data (RAD), which developer Stacey Goers described as a "method for sharing listening metrics from podcast applications straight back to publishers, with extreme care and respect for user privacy."[35]

## Governance[edit]

NPR is a membership organization. Member stations are required to be non-commercial or non-commercial educational radio stations; have at least five full-time professional employees; operate for at least 18 hours per day; and not be designed solely to further a religious broadcasting philosophy or be used for classroom distance learning programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep").

To oversee the day-to-day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a board of directors. The board was previously composed of ten A-Reps, five members of the general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. On November 2, 2015, NPR Members approved a change in the NPR Bylaws to expand the board of directors to 23 directors, consisting of 12 Member Directors who are managers of NPR Member stations and are elected to the Board by their fellow Member stations, 9 Public Directors who are prominent members of the public selected by the Board and confirmed by NPR Member stations, the NPR Foundation Chair, and the NPR President & CEO.[36] Terms are for three years and are staggered such that some stand for election every year.[37]

As of November 2019[update], the board of directors of NPR included the following members:[36]

NPR member station managers

* Mike Crane, director, Wisconsin Public Radio
* John Decker, director, KPBS
* Tim Eby, general manager, St. Louis Public Radio
* Jennifer Ferro, president, KCRW
* Nico Leone, president and CEO, KERA
* Wonya Lucas, president and CEO, WABE
* Joe O'Connor, president and CEO, WFAE
* LaFontaine E. Oliver, president and general manager, WYPR
* Jay Pearce, CEO and general manager, WVIK-FM
* Mike Savage, director and general manager, WEKU
* Joyce Slocum, president and CEO, Texas Public Radio
* Sylvia Strobel, CEO, ideastream

President of NPR

* John Lansing, president and CEO

Chair of the NPR Foundation

* John McGinn

Public members of the board

* Carlos Alvarez, CEO, The Gambrinus Company
* Fred Dust, designer, speaker, and consultant
* Paul G. Haaga, Jr., retired, Capital Research and Management Company – Chairman of the NPR Board of Directors
* Jacqueline Reses, head of Square Capital and Chief People Officer of Square
* Jeff Sine, co-founder and partner, The Raine Group
* Carlos Watson, CEO and co-founder, OZY Media, Inc.
* Howard Wollner, senior vice president, retired, Starbucks Coffee Company
* Telisa Yancy, CEO, American Family Insurance
* Neal Zuckerman, partner and managing director, Boston Consulting Group

The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the board of directors, are the following:

* Provide an identifiable daily product which is consistent and reflects the highest standards of broadcast journalism.
* Provide extended coverage of public events, issues and ideas, and to acquire and produce special public affairs programs.
* Acquire and produce cultural programs which can be scheduled individually by stations.
* Provide access to the intellectual and cultural resources of cities, universities and rural districts through a system of cooperative program development with member public radio stations.
* Develop and distribute programs for specific groups (adult education, instruction, modular units for local productions) which may meet needs of individual regions or groups, but may not have general national relevance.
* Establish liaison with foreign broadcasters for a program exchange service.
* Produce materials specifically intended to develop the art and technical potential of radio[38]

NPR Public Editor

The Public Editor responds to significant listener queries, comments and criticisms. The position reports to the president and CEO John Lansing.[39] In April 2020, Kelly McBride became the Public Editor for NPR.

## Funding[edit]

A homemade artwork references the importance of public funding for National Public Radio

In 2020, NPR released a budget for FY21 anticipating revenue of $250 million, a slight decrease from the prior year due to impacts of COVID-19. The budget anticipates $240 million in operating expenses, plus additional debt service and capital costs that lead to a cash deficit of approximately $4 million. The budget includes $25 million in budget cuts. If the impacts of COVID-19 worsen, more significant budget cuts are forecast.[40]

### Funding pre-2000[edit]

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the federal government. Steps were taken during the Reagan administration in the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but the 1983 funding crisis forced the network to make immediate changes.

### Funding in the 2000s[edit]

According to CPB, in 2009 11.3% of the aggregate revenues of all public radio broadcasting stations were funded from federal sources, principally through CPB;[41] in 2012 10.9% of the revenues for Public Radio came from federal sources.[42]

In 2010, NPR revenues totaled $180 million, with the bulk of revenues coming from programming fees, grants from foundations or business entities, contributions and sponsorships.[25] According to the 2009 financial statement, about 50% of NPR revenues come from the fees it charges member stations for programming and distribution charges.[25] Typically, NPR member stations receive funds through on-air pledge drives, corporate underwriting, state and local governments, educational institutions, and the federally funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). In 2009, member stations derived 6% of their revenue from federal, state and local government funding, 10% of their revenue from CPB grants, and 14% of their revenue from universities.[25][43] While NPR does not receive any direct federal funding, it does receive a small number of competitive grants from CPB and federal agencies like the Department of Education and the Department of Commerce. This funding amounts to approximately 2% of NPR's overall revenues.[25]

In 2011, NPR announced the roll-out of their own online advertising network, which allows member stations to run geographically targeted advertisement spots from national sponsors that may otherwise be unavailable to their local area, opening additional revenue streams to the broadcaster.[44]

Center Stage, a mix of native advertising and banner ad featured prominently on the NPR homepage, above-the-fold, was launched in 2013. The launch partner for Center Stage was Squarespace.[45]

In 2014, NPR CEO Jarl Mohn said the network would begin to increase revenue by having brands NPR views as more relevant to the audience underwrite NPR programs and requesting higher rates from them.[46]

For the year ended September 30, 2018, total operating revenues were $235 million, increasing to almost $259 million by September 2019.[47]

### Underwriting spots versus commercials[edit]

In contrast with commercial broadcasting, NPR's radio broadcasts do not carry traditional commercials, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major sponsors which may include corporate slogans, descriptions of products and services, and contact information such as website addresses and telephone numbers.[48] These statements are called underwriting spots and, unlike commercials, are governed by specific FCC restrictions in addition to truth in advertising laws; they cannot advocate a product or "promote the goods and services" of for-profit entities.[49] These restrictions apply only to radio broadcasts and not NPR's other digital platforms. When questioned on the subject of how corporate underwriting revenues and foundation grants were holding up during the recession, in a speech broadcast on C-SPAN before the National Press Club on March 2, 2009, then president and CEO Vivian Schiller stated: "underwriting is down, it's down for everybody; this is the area that is most down for us, in sponsorship, underwriting, advertising, call it whatever you want; just like it is for all of media."[50] Hosts of the NPR program Planet Money stated the audience is indeed a product being sold to advertisers in the same way as commercial stations, saying: "they are not advertisers exactly but, they have a lot of the same characteristics; let's just say that."[51]

## Audience[edit]

In 2014, the Pew Research Center reported that NPR had a similar level of listener trust as CNN, NBC and ABC.[52] A Harris telephone survey conducted in 2005 found that NPR was the most trusted news source in the United States.[53][54]

According to 2009, NPR statistics, about 20.9 million listeners tune into NPR each week.[55] By 2017, NPR's weekly on-air audience had reached 30.2 million.[4] According to 2015 figures, 87% of the NPR terrestrial public radio audience and 67% of the NPR podcast audience is white.[56] According to the 2012 Pew Research Center 2012 News Consumption Survey, NPR listeners tend to be highly educated, with 54% of regular listeners being college graduates and 21% having some college.[57] NPR's audience is almost exactly average in terms of the sex of listeners (49% male, 51% female).[57] NPR listeners have higher incomes than average (the 2012 Pew study showed that 43% earn over $75,000, 27% earn between $30,000 and $75,000).[57] The Pew survey found that the NPR audience tends Democratic (17% Republican, 37% independent, 43% Democratic) and politically moderate (21% conservative, 39% moderate, 36% liberal).[57]

NPR stations generally subscribe to the Nielsen rating service, but are not included in published ratings and rankings such as Radio & Records. NPR station listenership is measured by Nielsen in both Diary and PPM (people meter) markets. NPR stations are frequently not included in "summary level" diary data used by most advertising agencies for media planning. Data on NPR listening can be accessed using "respondent level" diary data. Additionally, all radio stations (public and commercial) are treated equally within the PPM data sets making NPR station listenership data much more widely available to the media planning community. NPR's signature morning news program, Morning Edition, is the network's most popular program, drawing 14.63 million listeners a week, with its afternoon newsmagazine, All Things Considered, a close second, with 14.6 million listeners a week according to 2017 Nielsen ratings data.[58] Arbitron data is also provided by Radio Research Consortium, a non-profit corporation which subscribes to the Arbitron service and distributes the data to NPR and other non-commercial stations and on its website.[59]

## Digital media[edit]

NPR's history in digital media includes the work of an independent, for-profit company called Public Interactive, which was founded in 1999[60] and acquired by PRI in June 2004, when it became a non-profit company.[61] By July 2008, Public Interactive had "170 subscribers who collectively operate 325 public radio and television stations" and clients such as Car Talk, The World, and The Tavis Smiley Show; by the end of that month, NPR acquired Public Interactive from PRI[60] In March 2011, NPR revealed a restructuring proposal in which Boston-based Public Interactive would become NPR Digital Services, separate from the Washington D.C.-based NPR Digital Media, which focuses on NPR-branded services.[62] NPR Digital Services would continue offering its services to public TV stations.[62]

The technical backbone of its digital news publishing system is Core Publisher, which was built on Drupal, an open-source content management system.[62]

Kinsey Wilson and the npr.org crew at the 69th Annual Peabody Awards

NPR has been dubbed as "leveraging the Twitter generation"[63] because of its adaptation of the popular microblogging service as one of its primary vehicles of information. Of NPR's Twitter followers, the majority (67%) also listen to NPR on the radio. In a survey of more than 10,000 respondents, NPR found that its Twitter followers are younger, more connected to the social web, and more likely to access content through digital platforms such as its Peabody Award-winning website npr.org, as well as podcasts, mobile apps and more.[64] NPR has more than one Twitter account including @NPR;[65] its survey found that most respondents followed between two and five NPR accounts, including topical account, show-specific accounts and on-air staff accounts.[64] In addition, NPR's Facebook page has been at the forefront of the company foray into social media. Started by college student and fan Geoff Campbell[66] in 2008, the page was quickly taken over by the organization,[67] and over the last two years has grown to nearly 4 million fans and is a popular example of the company's new focus on a younger audience.[68] NPR also has a YouTube channel featuring regularly posted videos covering news and informational subjects.

In May 2018, a group led by NPR acquired the podcasting app Pocket Casts.[69]

### NPR One[edit]

NPR One logo

In July 2014, NPR launched NPR One, an app for iOS and Android smartphones and other mobile devices, which aimed to make it easier for listeners to stream local NPR stations live, and listen to NPR podcasts by autoplaying content and permitting easy navigation.[70] Since launch NPR has made the service available on additional channels: Windows mobile devices, web browsers, Chromecast, Apple Car Play, Apple Watch, Android Auto, Android Wear, Samsung Gear S2 and S3, Amazon Fire TV, and Amazon Alexa–enabled devices.[71] The New York Times listed NPR One as one of 2016's "best apps".[72]

## Programming[edit]

### Programs produced by NPR[edit]

#### News and public affairs programs[edit]

NPR News logo

NPR produces a morning and an evening news program, both of which also have weekend editions with different hosts. It also produces hourly newscasts around the clock.

* All Things Considered, NPR News' evening news program hosted by Ari Shapiro, Mary Louise Kelly, and Ailsa Chang.
* Weekend All Things Considered, hosted by Michel Martin
* Morning Edition, NPR News' morning news program hosted by Steve Inskeep, Rachel Martin, A Martínez, and Leila Fadel.
* Weekend Edition, hosted by Scott Simon (Saturdays) and Ayesha Rascoe (Sundays)
* Here and Now, a mid-day news magazine program hosted by Robin Young and Tonya Mosley (co-produced with WBUR)

#### Storytelling and cultural programming (in house)[edit]

* Ask Me Another, a trivia quiz hosted by Ophira Eisenberg (co-produced with WNYC) (cancelled)
* Invisibilia, hosted by Alix Spiegel, Hanna Rosin, and Lulu Miller
* TED Radio Hour, hosted by Manoush Zomorodi
* Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, a humorous news-based panel show hosted by Peter Sagal (co-produced with WBEZ)

##### Podcasts[edit]

* All Songs Considered, a music podcast
* Alt.Latino, a podcast on Latino arts and culture
* Radio Ambulante, a Spanish-Language podcast which covers news in Latin America
* El Hilo, an offshoot of Radio Ambulante devoted to news
* Code Switch, a podcast about race and identity hosted by Shereen Marisol Meraji and Gene Demby
* Consider This, a Monday-Saturday afternoon news podcast; weekday episodes hosted by All Things Considered anchors Ari Shapiro, Mary Louise Kelly, and Ailsa Chang; Saturday episodes hosted by Weekend All Things Considered host Michel Martin
* Embedded, a podcast hosted by Kelly McEvers
* How I Built This, a podcast on entrepreneurship hosted by Guy Raz
* NPR Politics Podcast, a podcast hosted by Tamara Keith and Scott Detrow
* NPR News Now, podcast of 5 minute news updates updated hourly
* Planet Money, a podcast on economics
* Pop Culture Happy Hour, a podcast on culture hosted by Linda Holmes
* Rough Translation, a podcast which tells stories from around the world that have relevance to a U.S. audience[73]
* Short Wave, a daily science podcast hosted by Maddie Sofia
* Throughline, a podcast on history hosted by Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei
* Up First, a Monday-Saturday morning news podcast; weekday episodes hosted by Morning Edition anchors Steve Inskeep, Rachel Martin, A Martínez, and Leila Fadel; Saturday episodes hosted by Weekend Edition anchors Scott Simon and Ayesha Rascoe

#### Music programming[edit]

* First Listen, album previews
* Jazz Night In America, hosted by Christian McBride (co-produced with WBGO and Jazz at Lincoln Center)
* Songs We Love
* The Thistle & Shamrock, Celtic music hosted by Fiona Ritchie
* Tiny Desk Concerts, video concert series

### Programs distributed by NPR[edit]

#### News and public affairs[edit]

* 1A, public affairs roundtable program hosted by Jenn White (WAMU)
* Fresh Air, interviews with cultural news-makers hosted by Terry Gross (WHYY-FM)
* Latino USA, Latino issues hosted by Maria Hinojosa (Futuro Media Group)
* Youth Radio, stories told by youth (self-produced)

#### Storytelling and cultural programming[edit]

* The Big Listen, a radio show about podcasts hosted by Lauren Ober (WAMU)[74]
* Bullseye with Jesse Thorn, hosted by Jesse Thorn (Maximum Fun)
* Car Talk, humorous automotive advice hosted by Tom Magliozzi and Ray Magliozzi (WBUR, ended September 2017[75])
* The Engines of Our Ingenuity is a daily radio series that tells the story of human invention and creativity in 3+1⁄2 minute essays.
* Only a Game, sports issues hosted by Bill Littlefield (WBUR, ended 2020)
* Rough Cuts, a podcast and blog encouraging participation in the development of other new radio programs
* State of the Re:Union, hosted by Al Letson
* StoryCorps, oral history recordings (self-produced)

#### Music programming[edit]

* From the Top, A program showcasing young classical musicians between the ages of 8–18 (self-produced)
* JazzSet, hosted by Dee Dee Bridgewater (WBGO)
* Metropolis, a show on electronic music hosted by Jason Bentley (KCRW)
* Mountain Stage, hosted by Larry Groce (West Virginia Public Broadcasting)
* Piano Jazz, hosted by Marian McPartland (South Carolina ETV Radio, ended in 2011)
* World Cafe, a 2-hour music program featuring both recorded music and interviews and live in-studio performances, hosted by Raina Douris (WXPN)

### Notable public radio programs not affiliated with NPR[edit]

Many programs broadcast on U.S. public radio stations are not affiliated with NPR. If these programs are distributed by another distributor, a public radio station must also affiliate with that network to take that network's programming.

American Public Media (APM) and Public Radio Exchange (PRX; which also merged with Public Radio International in 2018) are other major public radio production and distribution organizations with distinct missions, and each competes with the other and NPR for programming slots on public radio stations.

Most public radio stations are NPR member stations and many are affiliate stations of APM and PRX at the same time. The organizations have different governance structures and missions and relationships with stations.

#### American Public Media[edit]

Main article: American Public Media

* BBC World Service, world news produced by the BBC often used to fill overnight hours
* Classical 24, generally airs overnights on many non-commercial stations
* The Daily, daily podcast created by The New York Times and hosted by Michael Barbaro
* Live from Here (formerly known as A Prairie Home Companion), variety radio show known for its folk music and comedy (cancelled in 2020).
* Marketplace, program that focuses on business, the economy, and events that influence them
* Performance Today, most listened-to daily classical music radio program in the United States (formerly distributed by NPR)
* Pipedreams, radio music program focusing on organ music
* The Splendid Table, weekly program about food

#### Public Radio Exchange[edit]

Main articles: Public Radio Exchange and Public Radio International

This list includes programs that were distributed by Public Radio International (PRI) prior to the merger with PDX

* A Way with Words, a show about language; distributed by Public Radio Exchange and Public Radio Satellite System
* Echoes, a daily program of ambient, new age, and electronic music hosted by John Diliberto (formerly distributed by PRI)
* Hearts of Space, a weekly program of ambient, space, and contemplative music hosted by Stephen Hill, San Rafael, Calif.
* Living on Earth, environmental news program (formerly distributed by NPR and PRI)
* Philosophy Talk, everyday topics examined through a philosophical lens, hosted by Stanford philosophy professors John Perry and Ken Taylor, produced by Ben Manilla Productions (KALW)
* Planetary Radio, space exploration radio program hosted by Mat Kaplan, The Planetary Society, Pasadena, Calif.
* Selected Shorts, dramatic readings hosted by Isaiah Sheffer, Symphony Space, (WNYC; formerly distributed by PRI)
* This American Life, stories of real life hosted by Ira Glass, distributed by Public Radio Exchange
* The Takeaway, a daily news program from WNYC (formerly distributed by PRI)
* The World, news magazine show with an emphasis on international news (formerly distributed by PRI)

#### WNYC Studios[edit]

* On the Media, covering journalism, technology, and First Amendment issues (formerly distributed by NPR)
* Science Friday, science issues call-in hosted by Ira Flatow and independently produced (formerly distributed by NPR)

#### Independent[edit]

* Democracy Now!, the flagship news program of the Pacifica Radio network, provides a feed to NPR stations
* Forum, call-in panel discussion program, wide-ranging national and local topics hosted by Michael Krasny (KQED-FM).
* Jazz from Lincoln Center, Wynton Marsalis, formerly hosted by Ed Bradley, Murray Street Productions
* The Merrow Report, education issues hosted by John Merrow, Learning Matters Inc.
* The People's Pharmacy, a call-in and interview program on personal health from WUNC in Chapel Hill, N.C.
* Pulse of the Planet, a daily two-minute sound portrait of Planet Earth, hosted by Jim Metzner.
* StarDate, short segments relating to science and astronomy from the University of Texas at Austin's McDonald Observatory hosted by Billy Henry.
* Sunday Baroque, baroque and early music hosted by Suzanne Bona (WSHU-FM)

## Controversies[edit]

Main article: NPR controversies

Over the course of NPR's history, controversies have arisen over several incidents and topics.

### Allegations of ideological bias[edit]

NPR has been accused of displaying both liberal bias, as alleged in work such as a UCLA and University of Missouri study of Morning Edition; and conservative bias, including criticism of alleged reliance on conservative think-tanks.[76] Public radio host Lisa Simeone, who worked for NPR from 1998 to 2002, accused NPR's Pentagon reporting of being "little more than Pentagon press releases."[77] The NPR ombudsman has described how NPR's coverage of the Israel-Palestinian conflict has been simultaneously criticized as biased by both sides.[78] University of Texas journalism professor and author Robert Jensen has criticized NPR as taking a pro-war stance during coverage of Iraq war protests.[79] During the 2020 election, NPR declined to cover the controversy surrounding a New York Post article on Hunter Biden, saying "We don't want to waste our time on stories that are not really stories, and we don't want to waste the listeners' and readers' time on stories that are just pure distractions, ..."[80]

### Live from Death Row commentaries[edit]

In 1994, NPR arranged to air, on All Things Considered, a series of three-minute commentaries by Mumia Abu-Jamal, a journalist convicted in a controversial trial of murdering Philadelphia Police officer Daniel Faulkner. They cancelled airing them after the Fraternal Order of Police and members of the U.S. Congress objected.[81]

### Euphemisms for "torture"[edit]

In a controversial act, NPR banned in 2009 the use of the word "torture" in the context of the Bush administration's use of torture.[82] NPR's Ombudswoman Alicia Shepard's defense of the policy was that "calling waterboarding torture is tantamount to taking sides."[83] Berkeley Professor of Linguistics Geoffrey Nunberg pointed out that virtually all media around the world, other than what he called the "spineless U.S. media", call these techniques torture.[84][85] In an article which criticized NPR and other U.S. media for their use of euphemisms for torture, Glenn Greenwald discussed what he called the enabling "corruption of American journalism":

> This active media complicity in concealing that our Government created a systematic torture regime, by refusing ever to say so, is one of the principal reasons it was allowed to happen for so long. The steadfast, ongoing refusal of our leading media institutions to refer to what the Bush administration did as "torture" – even in the face of more than 100 detainee deaths; the use of that term by a leading Bush official to describe what was done at Guantanamo; and the fact that media outlets frequently use the word "torture" to describe exactly the same methods when used by other countries – reveals much about how the modern journalist thinks.[86]

### Juan Williams comments[edit]

On October 20, 2010, NPR terminated Senior News Analyst Juan Williams's independent contract[87] over a series of incidents culminating in remarks he made on the Fox News Channel regarding Muslim head coverings and not feeling comfortable around women wearing them. Williams' firing, which was made abruptly without Williams being given a face-to-face meeting beforehand, was reported by The Washington Post as being a key part of Ellen Weiss, NPR's top news executive at the time, being given an ultimatum on January 4, 2011, to either resign or be fired. On January 6, 2011, NPR announced that Weiss had quit.[88]

### Ronald Schiller comments[edit]

In March 2011, conservative political activist and provocateur James O'Keefe sent partners Simon Templar (a pen name) and Shaughn Adeleye[89] to secretly record their discussion with Ronald Schiller, NPR's outgoing senior vice president for fundraising, and an associate, in which Schiller made remarks viewed as disparaging of "the current Republican party, especially the Tea Party", and controversial comments regarding Palestine and funding for NPR. NPR disavowed Schiller's comments. CEO Vivian Schiller, who is not related to Ronald, later resigned over the fallout from the comments and the previous firing of Juan Williams.[90]

### July 4 reading of the Declaration of Independence[edit]

From 1988 to 2021,[91][92] NPR broadcast an annual reading of the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence over the radio.[93] In 2017 it began using Twitter as a medium for reading the document as well. On July 4, 2017, the 100+ tweets were met with considerable opposition, some online supporters of Donald Trump mistakenly believing the words of the Declaration referring to George III of the United Kingdom to be directed towards the president. The tweets were called "trash"[94] and were accused of being left-wing propaganda,[95] condoning violence[94] and calling for revolution.[96][97] As of July 4, 2022, the annual tradition has been discontinued.[91][92]

### Sexual harassment[edit]

In October 2017, sexual harassment charges were leveled against Michael Oreskes, senior vice president of news and editorial director since 2015. Some of the accusations dated back to when he was Washington, D.C. bureau chief for The New York Times during the 1990s, while others involved his conduct at NPR.[98] After a report on the Times accusations was published in The Washington Post, NPR put Oreskes on administrative leave, and the following day his resignation was requested.[99][100][101] CNN's Brian Stelter reported that NPR staffers were dissatisfied with the handling of Oreskes, were demanding an external investigation, and that Oreskes poisoned the newsroom atmosphere by abusing his position to meet young women.[102]

## Publications[edit]

Source:[103]

* The NPR Guide to Building a Classical CD Collection by Ted Libbey (1994) ISBN 156305051X
* The NPR Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening by Miles Hoffman (1997) ISBN 0618619453
* The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z by Miles Hoffman (1997) ISBN 0395707420
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Classical Music by Tim Smith (2002) ISBN 0399527958
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Jazz by Loren Schoenberg (2002) ISBN 039952794X
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Opera by William Berger (2002) ISBN 0399527435
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Popular Standards by Max Morath (2002) ISBN 0399527443
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To American Folk Music by Kip Lornell (2004) ISBN 0399530339
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to World Music by Chris Nickson (2004) ISBN 0399530320
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To Blues by David Evans (2005) ISBN 039953072X
* The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music by Fiona Ritchie (2005) ISBN 0399530711
* The NPR Listener's Encyclopedia of Classical Music by Ted Libbey (2006) ISBN 0761120726

## See also[edit]

* Australian Broadcasting Corporation
* BBC Radio
* Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
* List of NPR personnel
* List of NPR stations
* NPR Berlin—before its closure, the only NPR affiliate operated by NPR itself
* PBS
* Sound Reporting: The NPR Guide to Audio Journalism and Production

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "National Public Radio 2019 Annual Report" (PDF). National Public Radio. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
2. ^ Kuypers, Melissa (November 14, 2012). "Ten Years in Tinsel Town: NPR West Celebrates a Decade". NPR.
3. ^ "Public Broadcasting Act of 1967". January 14, 2015.
4. ^ a b "Audience". NPR. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
5. ^ "All Things Considered". National Public Media. Retrieved October 12, 2016. "Heard by 13.3 million people on 814 radio stations each week, All Things Considered is one of the most popular programs in America."
6. ^ Mitchell, Jack W. (2005). Listener supported: the culture and history of public radio. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 175\. ISBN 978-0-275-98352-9. "Conceived as "alternatives," Morning Edition and All Things Considered are the second and third most listened-to radio programs in the ..."
7. ^ "NPR Maintains Highest Ratings Ever". NPR.org. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
8. ^ "Podcast Directory". NPR.
9. ^ a b c Dana Davis Rehm, NPR: What's In A Name?, NPR (July 12, 2012).
10. ^ Jarvik, Laurence Ariel (1997). PBS, behind the screen. Rocklin, CA: Forum. ISBN 978-0761506683.
11. ^ "History". NPR. Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
12. ^ "GAO statement on NPR financial crisis, 1984". Public Broadcasting PolicyBase at Current.org. 1984. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
13. ^ "History of public broadcasting in the United States". Current.org. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
14. ^ a b "Delano Lewis Resigns". NPR. April 3, 1998. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
15. ^ a b "NPR Announces New President and CEO". NPR. November 11, 1998. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
16. ^ a b "NPR Establishes Major Production Center in California NPR West Opens November 2, Expanding Network's Presence and Reach". NPR. November 2, 2002. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
17. ^ a b Steinberg, Jacques (November 7, 2003). "Billions and Billions Served, Hundreds of Millions Donated". The New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2008. "National Public Radio announced yesterday that it had received a bequest worth at least $200 million from the widow of the longtime chairman of the McDonald's restaurant chain. The gift is the largest in the 33-year history of NPR, the nonprofit broadcasting corporation – and about twice the size of NPR's annual operating budget. It is believed to be among the largest ever pledged to an American cultural institution."
18. ^ "NPR Receives a Record Bequest of More Than $200 Million" (Press release). National Public Radio. November 6, 2003. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
19. ^ Janssen, Mike (May 24, 2004). "Kroc gift lets NPR expand news, lower fees". Current.org. Archived from the original on March 22, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
20. ^ Sanders, Caitlin (August 31, 2015). "NPR Podcasts Turn 10!". NPR.
21. ^ "iTunesCharts.net: US Podcasts". www.itunescharts.net.
22. ^ a b Farhi, Paul (March 6, 2008). "NPR Leader out After Board Clash". The Washington Post.
23. ^ a b Carney, Steve (December 10, 2008). "National Public Radio to cut shows, personnel". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
24. ^ "NPR reaches new audience high" (Press release). NPR. March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
25. ^ a b c d e "Public Radio Finances". NPR. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2010.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
26. ^ "The Situation Room". CNN. October 22, 2010.
27. ^ Chiu, Lisa (March 17, 2011). "Secret Recording Explores Relationship Between Billionaire Soros and NPR". philanthropy.com. The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
28. ^ "New NPR Headquarters Nears Completion" (Press release). NPR. February 1, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
29. ^ Clinton Yates, "NPR Moves to NoMa, D.C.'s SimCity of Gentrification", The Washington Post (June 5, 2013).
30. ^ Simon, Scott (April 6, 2013). "Saying Goodbye to the Old NPR Headquarters". Weekend Edition. NPR. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
31. ^ "NPR Moves to New Headquarters – Morning Edition Airs First Broadcast from New Building Today" (Press release). NPR. April 22, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
32. ^ "A Fond Farewell to Talk of the Nation". Tell Me More. NPR. June 27, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
33. ^ "NPR to Offer Voluntary Buyouts in Bid to Balance Budget". The Observer. September 13, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
34. ^ Farhi, Paul (December 9, 2018). "At NPR, an army of temps faces a workplace of anxiety and insecurity". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
35. ^ Goers, Stacey (December 11, 2018). "Remote Audio Data Is Here". NPR. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
36. ^ a b "NPR Board of Directors". NPR. June 20, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
37. ^ NPR Bylaws Archived March 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine; Public Broadcasting Policy Base; January 20, 1999
38. ^ Siemering, William (November 29, 1999). "National Public Radio Purposes". Public Broadcasting PolicyBase at Current.org. Archived from the original on September 12, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
39. ^ "New Ombudsman To Start Jan. 26". wnyc.org.
40. ^ "NPR budget for new fiscal year aims to avoid layoffs despite deficit".
41. ^ "Table 2 Public Broadcasting Revenue by Public Television and Radio System and Source of Revenue, Fiscal Year 2008–2009" (PDF). Public Broadcasting Revenue Fiscal Year 2009. Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
42. ^ "Table 2 Public Broadcasting Revenue by Public Television and Radio System and Source of Revenue, Fiscal Year 2011–2012" (PDF). Public Broadcasting Revenue Fiscal Year 2012. Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
43. ^ "NPR Responds". Archived from the original on October 24, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
44. ^ Ungerleider, Neal. NPR Launching Centralized Online Ad Network to Bolster Revenue at Member Stations. Fast Company. April 12, 2011
45. ^ Taintor, David (August 16, 2013). "NPR's New Ad Unit Falls Somewhere Between Banners and Native". Adweek.
46. ^ Hart, Peter (September 8, 2014). "New NPR Boss: 'We're Going to Be Talking About Brands That Matter a Little Bit More'". fair.org. FAIR.
47. ^ "2019 Annual Report, p34" (PDF). National Public Radio. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
48. ^ "NPR Underwriting Credit Guidelines" (PDF). NPR. November 24, 2008. p. 1\. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
49. ^ "The Public and Broadcasting". Federal Communications Commission. 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
50. ^ "Public Broadcasting and Commercial Media". C-SPAN. March 2, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
51. ^ "The Friday Podcast: Economists on Federal Funding for NPR". Planet Money. NPR. March 25, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
52. ^ Mitchell, Amy (October 30, 2014). "Which news organization is the most trusted? The answer is complicated". Pew Research Center. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
53. ^ Eggerton, John (November 10, 2005). "Survey Says: Noncom News Most Trusted". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
54. ^ "Trends and Facts on Public Broadcasting | State of the News Media".
55. ^ Farhi, Paul (March 24, 2009). "Good News for NPR: Its Most Listeners Ever". Washington Post. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
56. ^ Tracie Powell, Are podcasts the new path to diversifying public radio? Columbia Journalism Review (May 22, 2015).
57. ^ a b c d Section 4: Demographics and Political Views of News Audiences, Pew Research Center (September 27, 2012).
58. ^ NPR Reaches 99 Million People Monthly, GenXers And Millennials Drive Growth NPR, October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
59. ^ Fong-Torres, Ben (March 12, 2006). "Radio Waves". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
60. ^ a b "PRI And NPR Announce Deal To Grow Public Interactive, Public Media's Leading Web Services Company". NPR. July 31, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
61. ^ "Public Interactive Press Area". NPR. June 2, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
62. ^ a b c Everhart, Karen (March 7, 2011). "Web infrastructure for pubmedia, 2011". Current.org. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
63. ^ O'Dell, Jodie (September 30, 2010). "How NPR Is Leveraging the Twitter Generation". Mashable. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
64. ^ a b Carvin, Andy; Heard, Meredith (September 30, 2010). "Results Of The NPR Twitter User Survey". NPR. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
65. ^ "NPR (@NPR) – Twitter". twitter.com.
66. ^ Campbell, Geoff. "Mount Allison student gets Facebook ball rolling for American media organization, NPR". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
67. ^ Campbell, Geoff. "How Andy Carvin took over NPR's Facebook Page from Student/Creator Geoff Campbell". YouTube. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
68. ^ Tenore, Mallary Jean. "Carvin: Facebook Lets NPR Empower Those Who Love Us, Listen to Those Who Don't". Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
69. ^ "Pocket Casts acquired by NPR, other public radio stations, and This American Life". The Verge. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
70. ^ "NPR launches new 'NPR One' mobile app for curating public radio news". venturebeat.com. July 28, 2014.
71. ^ "What devices will NPR One work on?". npr.org.
72. ^ Eaton, Kit (December 14, 2016). "2016 in Review: The Year's Best Apps". The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
73. ^ "Gregory Warner". NPR. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
74. ^ "NPR Will Distribute WAMU 88.5's 'The Big Listen'". NPR. September 12, 2016.
75. ^ "NPR's 'Best of Car Talk' will end in September 2017". current.org.
76. ^ "Does Public Radio Have A Liberal Bias? The Finale!" (Radio Transcript). On The Media. WNYC. March 25, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
77. ^ Ragusea, Adam (March 15, 2016). "A critic sees "pro-government" bias in NPR's reporting, not a leftward lean". Current. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
78. ^ Listeners Hear Same Israeli-Palestinian Coverage Differently; NPR Ombudsman; June 18, 2010
79. ^ Published Articles – 2003 Archived October 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine; University of Texas, Robert Jensen
80. ^ NPR Public Editor"Responding to the New York Post". Retrieved November 2, 2020.
81. ^ "Judge Dismisses Inmate's Suit Against NPR". The Washington Post. August 22, 1997.
82. ^ "The still-growing NPR "torture" controversy" Salon.com July 2, 2009
83. ^ Torturous Wording Archived July 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine NPR (transcript) June 26, 2009
84. ^ "Calling a Spade a Spade: Use of the Word 'Torture'", KPCC June 26, 2009
85. ^ McQuaid, John."The semantics of torture" guardian.co.uk – Comment-is-free May 13, 2009.
86. ^ "The NYT's nice, new euphemism for torture", Salon.com June 6, 2009
87. ^ Stanglin, Doug (October 21, 2010). "Update: NPR exec says Juan Williams crossed the line before". USA Today. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
88. ^ Farhi, Paul (January 27, 2011). "NPR probe of Juan Williams firing questions Ellen Weiss's management style". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
89. ^ Hagey, Keach (March 8, 2011). "NPR exec: tea party is 'scary,' 'racist'". Politico.
90. ^ Mark Memmott (March 9, 2011). "NPR CEO Vivian Schiller resigns". NPR. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
91. ^ a b Fuster, Jeremy (July 4, 2022). "NPR Breaks 4th of July Tradition of Reading Declaration of Independence to Examine Its History". TheWrap. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
92. ^ a b Parks, Kristine (July 4, 2022). "On 4th of July, NPR scraps Declaration reading tradition for 'equality' discussion". Fox News. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
93. ^ "The Declaration Of Independence, 240 Years Later". NPR.org. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
94. ^ a b "NPR tweets the Declaration of Independence, and people freak out about a 'revolution'". kansascity. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
95. ^ "Some Trump supporters thought NPR tweeted 'propaganda.' It was the Declaration of Independence". Washington Post. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
96. ^ "NPR Tweets Declaration Of Independence, Triggers Outrage". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
97. ^ Nancy Coleman (July 5, 2017). "No, NPR was not trying to start a revolution". CNN. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
98. ^ Farhi, Paul (October 31, 2017). "NPR's top editor placed on leave after accusations of sexual harassment". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
99. ^ Folkenflik, David (October 31, 2017). "NPR's Head Of News Placed On Leave After Past Harassment Allegations Surface". NPR. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
100. ^ Stelter, Brian; Smith, Aaron (November 1, 2017). "Top NPR editor resigns amid allegations of harassment". CNN. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
101. ^ Farhi, Paul (November 1, 2017). "Michael Oreskes, top NPR newsroom official, resigns amid harassment allegations". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
102. ^ Stelter, Brian (November 2, 2017). "At NPR, Oreskes harassment scandal leaves deep wounds". CNNMoney. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
103. ^ "FolkLib Index -Music Reference Books by National Public Radio (NPR)". www.folklib.net. Retrieved May 11, 2017.

## Further reading[edit]

Library resources about
NPR

* * *

* Resources in your library
* Resources in other libraries

* James T. Bennett. 2021. The History and Politics of Public Radio; A Comprehensive Analysis of Taxpayer-Financed US Broadcasting. Springer.
* Gibson, George H. Public Broadcasting: The Role of the Federal Government, 1919–1976 (Praeger Publishers, 1977). ISBN 9780030228315. OCLC 3167293.
* McCauley, Michael P. NPR: The Trials and Triumphs of National Public Radio (Columbia University Press, 2005). ISBN 9780231121606. OCLC 937175101.
* Magee, Sara. "All Things Considered: A Content Analysis of National Public Radio's Flagship News Magazine from 1999–2009". Journal of Radio & Audio Media (2013) 20#2 pp. 236–250.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Public Radio.

Wikiquote has quotations related to National Public Radio.

* Official website
* Elizabeth L. Young papers at the University of Maryland Libraries
* 50 Years of NPR (report series)

* v
* t
* e

NPR

Productions|

* All Songs Considered
* All Things Considered
* Alt.Latino
* Code Switch
* Consider This
* Here and Now
* How I Built This
* Invisibilia
* Morning Edition
* Planet Money
* Rough Translation
* TED Radio Hour
* The Thistle & Shamrock
* Throughline
* Tiny Desk Concerts
* Up First
* Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
* Weekend Edition

Distributions|

* 1A
* Bullseye with Jesse Thorn
* Car Talk (reruns only since 2012)
* Fresh Air
* From the Top
* Latino USA
* Mountain Stage
* Only a Game
* Piano Jazz
* StoryCorps
* World Cafe

Current
personalities|

* Noah Adams
* Nancy Barnes
* Eleanor Beardsley
* Melissa Block
* Meghna Chakrabarti
* Leila Fadel
* David Folkenflik
* Tom Gjelten
* Don Gonyea
* Terry Gross
* Linda Holmes
* Jon Hamilton
* Maria Hinojosa
* Steve Inskeep
* Mary Louise Kelly
* Anthony Kuhn
* Bill Kurtis
* Mara Liasson
* Tom and Ray Magliozzi
* Michel Martin
* A Martínez
* Kelly McEvers
* Bob Mondello
* Renée Montagne
* Michele Norris
* Sylvia Poggioli
* Arun Rath
* Ayesha Rascoe
* Guy Raz
* Fiona Ritchie
* Ofeibea Quist-Arcton
* Peter Sagal
* Ari Shapiro
* Scott Simon
* Lakshmi Singh
* Alix Spiegel
* Susan Stamberg
* Juana Summers
* Nina Totenberg
* Linda Wertheimer
* Shankar Vedantam
* Jenn White
* Robin Young

Former
personalities|

* Margot Adler
* Tom Ashbrook
* Madeleine Brand
* Dee Dee Bridgewater
* Paul Brown
* Alex Chadwick
* Farai Chideya
* Neal Conan
* Audie Cornish
* Adam Davidson
* Bob Edwards
* Ira Flatow
* Corey Flintoff
* Lulu Garcia-Navarro
* Bob Garfield
* Anne Garrels
* Rob Gifford
* Brooke Gladstone
* David Greene
* Liane Hansen
* John Hockenberry
* Jeremy Hobson
* Joshua Johnson
* Jacki Lyden
* Carl Kasell
* Noel King
* Ted Koppel
* Ketzel Levine
* Marian McPartland
* Lulu Miller
* Diane Rehm
* Cokie Roberts
* Ken Rudin
* Daniel Schorr
* Andrea Seabrook
* Robert Siegel
* Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor
* Alison Stewart
* Ray Suarez
* Sanford J. Ungar
* Juan Williams
* Nancy Wilson
* Craig Windham

Former
productions|

* Ask Me Another
* Bryant Park Project
* Day to Day
* The Diane Rehm Show
* Earplay
* Jazz Profiles
* News & Notes
* NPR Playhouse
* Radio Expeditions
* Talk of the Nation
* Tell Me More
* State of the Re:Union

See also|

* American Public Media
* NPR stations
* NPR Music
* NPR controversies
* NPR One
* Public Radio Satellite System
* Pacifica Foundation
* Public Radio Exchange
* Public Radio International

* v
* t
* e

NPR stations in the United States

Satellite radio|

* Sirius XM (Ch. 122)

Terrestrial affiliates
by state|

* AL
* AK
* AZ
* AR
* CA
* CO
* CT
* DE
* DC
* FL
* GA
* HI
* ID
* IL
* IN
* IA
* KS
* KY
* LA
* ME
* MD
* MA
* MI
* MN
* MS
* MO
* MT
* NE
* NV
* NH
* NJ
* NM
* NY
* NC
* ND
* OH
* OK
* OR
* PA
* RI
* SC
* SD
* TN
* TX
* UT
* VT
* VA
* WA
* WV
* WI
* WY
* US Territories

See also
List of NPR stations

Website
npr.org

News/talk/sports networks
Bloomberg Radio
ESPN Radio
Fox Sports Radio
NPR
SportsMap

Music brands
Bob FM
Froggy (country only)
Hank FM
Jack FM
KISS-FM
MOViN
Nash FM (country only)

Religious networks
AFR
Air 1
K-LOVE

* v
* t
* e

Public broadcasting in the United States

Corporation for Public Broadcasting

Radio syndicators|

* American Public Media
* NPR
* Pacifica
* Public Radio Exchange

Terrestrial television|

* American PTV
* Create
* World
* PBS
* Kids
* FNX

Cable and satellite|

* Classic Arts Showcase
* Free Speech TV
* Link TV
* NASA TV
* PBS Satellite Service
* SCOLA

Statewide networks|

| Radio|

* Alaska
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Iowa
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* North Dakota
* Oregon
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Utah
* Vermont
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

|

Television|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arkansas
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Iowa
* Kentucky
* KET2
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Mississippi
* Montana
* Nebraska
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Puerto Rico
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Vermont
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Regional networks|

| Radio|

* Alabama
* Boise State
* Central Michigan Univ.
* High Plains
* Indiana
* Interlochen (Northern Michigan)
* Jefferson (Southern Oregon/Northern California)
* Michigan Radio
* Montana
* New England
* New Jersey
* North Carolina
* North Country
* Northeast (Albany)
* Northern (Illinois)
* Northwest
* Radio IQ
* Red River
* Yellowstone Public

|

Television|

* East Tennessee PBS
* Milwaukee PBS
* Network Knowledge
* Ozarks PTV
* Pioneer PBS
* Sistema TV
* Smoky Hills PBS
* Southern Oregon PBS
* WCMU Public Media
* WIPR-TV

Local non-commercial
independents|

| School-owned|

* KRSU-TV
* KUEN
* W27EB-D
* WBEC-TV
* WDSC-TV
* WEFS
* WPDS-LD

|

Community-operated|

* KPJK
* WLAE-TV
* WLMF-LD
* WNYE-TV

Defunct|

* AlaskaOne
* PPTN
* DoD News Channel
* K07UF
* K35DG-D
* MHz Networks
* MHz WorldView
* NJN
* Public Radio International
* W06BD
* W07BP-D

* v
* t
* e

Broadcast radio networks in the United States

National|

* ABC Audio
* Compass
* Premiere
* Salem
* United Stations
* Westwood One
* Uforia Audio Network
* Spanish

State|

* Arkansas Radio Network
* Georgia News Network
* Louisiana Radio Network
* Michigan Farm Radio Network
* Michigan Radio Network
* Michigan Talk Network
* North Carolina News Network
* Ohio News Network
* The Point
* Supertalk Mississippi
* Texas State Network
* WV Metro News

Specialty|

* AURN
* Bloomberg Radio
* BizTalkRadio
* CRN Digital
* Evolution
* GCN
* Metropolitan Opera
* Music of Your Life
* Pride Radio
* Radio America
* Radio One
* Republic Broadcasting Network
* Timeless Cool
* WestStar TalkRadio Network
* WFMT Radio Network
* World Classical Network

Religious|

* 3ABN
* Air1
* AFR
* BBN
* BRN
* Calvary
* Covenant
* CSN International
* Effect
* ESNE
* EWTN Radio
* Family Life Network
* Family Life Radio
* Family Radio
* Fundamental
* Go Mix!
* GNN
* Gospel Opportunities
* Guadalupe
* Good News Voice
* Here's Help
* K-Love
* King of Kings Radio
* The Life FM
* LifeTalk
* Mars Hill
* Moody
* Northwestern
* Pilgrim
* Promise FM
* Prayz
* Radio 74
* Radio Nueva Vida
* Radio Training Network
* Real Presence Radio
* Rejoice Broadcast Network
* Rejoice! Musical Soul Food
* Relevant Radio
* RenewFM
* RevFM
* Salem Radio Network
* Smile FM
* Sound of Life
* Sounds of the Spirit
* Spirit FM (Missouri)
* Spirit FM (Virginia)
* Strong Tower
* The Promise FM
* VCY America
* WAY-FM Network
* Word FM
* Your Network of Praise

Sports|

* CBS
* ESPN
* Fox
* Futbol de Primera
* Sports Byline USA
* Sports USA
* SportsMap
* TUDN

News|

* ABC
* CBS
* Fox
* NBC
* USA

Public radio|

| National|

* APM
* NPR
* Pacifica
* PRX

|

State|

* Alaska
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Iowa
* Kentucky
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* North Dakota
* Oregon
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Utah
* Vermont
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Regional|

* Alabama
* Boise State
* CMU
* High Plains
* Indiana
* Interlochen
* Jefferson
* Michigan Radio
* Montana
* New England
* New Jersey
* North Carolina
* North Country
* Northeast
* Northern
* Northwest
* Radio IQ
* Radio Kansas
* Red River
* Yellowstone

Defunct or
moribund|

* ABC (original)
* Accent Radio Network
* Air America
* America's Radio News
* Biz Radio Network
* NBC Blue/Blue Network
* Children's radio networks
* Cumulus Media Networks
* Dial Global (Local/Waitt)
* Radio Disney
* Enterprise
* ESPN Deportes
* God's Country
* I.E. America
* Jones
* K-Love Classics
* Liberty Broadcasting System
* Michigan Regional
* Mutual Reports/Mutual Black Network
* Mutual
* Mutual Progressive Network/Mutual Lifestyle Radio
* NBC Red/NBC
* NBC Sports Radio
* NBC Talknet
* NBG Radio Network
* National Black Network
* National Negro Network
* Nova M
* National Radio Network
* PRI
* Progressive Broadcasting System
* Radio AAHS
* RKO
* Satellite Music Network
* Sports Fan Radio Network
* Talk Radio Network
* The Source
* Transtar
* UPI
* Univision America
* Washington News Desk
* Westinghouse
* Westwood One (original)
* Westwood One News
* WOR
* WSJ Radio
* Yankee Network

Radio portal

* v
* t
* e

Current White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart

| Row| Podium

|

NBC News
Wall Street Journal
Politico
MSNBC/CNBC/Telemundo
Bloomberg BNA
Washington Examiner
Boston Globe/Washington Blade

Fox News
CBS News Radio
AP Radio/PBS
VOA
Time
Yahoo! News
Daily Caller/EWTN

CBS News
Bloomberg News
McClatchy
NY Post/TheGrio
Washington Times
Salem Radio/CBN
Cheddar News/Hearst TV

NPR
Foreign pool
The Hill
Regionals
Newsmax
Gray TV/Spectrum News

ABC News
Washington Post
Agence France-Presse
Fox Business/Fox News Radio
CSM/Roll Call
Al Jazeera
Nexstar/Newsy

Reuters
NY Times
LA Times
Univision/AURN
RealClearPolitics
Daily Beast/Dallas Morning News
BBC/Newsweek

CNN
USA Today
ABC News Radio
Daily Mail
National Journal
HuffPost
Financial Times/The Guardian

White House Correspondents' Association

* v
* t
* e

Members of the European Broadcasting Union

Active members|

| Current|

* ARD
* BR
* DLR
* DW
* HR
* MDR
* NDR
* RB
* RBB
* SR
* SWR
* WDR
* ARMR
* ARMTV
* BBC
* BHRT
* BNR
* BNT
* ČRo
* ČT
* CyBC
* DR
* E1
* ENRS
* EPTV
* ERR
* ETV
* ERSL
* ERT
* ERA
* ERTU
* GPB
* GRF
* FMM
* FTV
* RF
* HRT
* HR
* İCTI
* İR
* İTV
* JRTV
* KAN
* LNC
* LRT
* LSM
* LR
* LTV
* MMD
* MRT
* MTVA
* Duna
* NPO
* AVROTROS
* BNNVARA
* EO
* HUMAN
* KRO-NCRV
* MAX
* NOS
* NTR
* ON
* PowNed
* Ster
* VPRO
* WNL
* ZWART
* NRK
* NSTU
* ORF
* PBS
* PR
* RAI
* ROR
* RT
* RTBF
* RTCG
* RTÉ
* RTL
* RTP
* RTS
* RTSH
* RTVA
* RTVE
* RNE
* TVE
* RTVS
* RTVSLO
* RÚV
* SMRTV
* SNRT
* SRG SSR
* SRT
* SR
* SVT
* UR
* TDA
* TG4
* TL
* TRM
* TRT
* TT
* TV 2 (DK)
* TV 2 (NO)
* TVP
* TVR
* UKIB
* ITV
* S4C
* STV
* VR
* VRT
* Yle
* ZDF

|

Suspended|

* BTRC
* C1R
* RDO
* MK
* OP
* VGTRK

Former|

* A3R
* C4
* C+
* COPE
* CRCA
* ČST
* ER
* ERTT
* GRMC
* RMC
* TMC
* IBA (GB)
* IBA (IL)
* ITA
* ITCA
* JRT
* LJBC
* MBA
* MR
* MTV (FI)
* MTV (HU)
* NERIT
* OFRT
* ORTF
* RTF
* SER
* SRo
* STV
* TDF
* TF1
* TMC
* TV4
* UJRT

Associate members|

| Current|

* ABC (AU)
* ABC (US)
* AIR
* APM
* CBC/SRC (CA)
* CBS
* CMG
* CCTV
* CGTN
* CNR
* CRI
* FPA
* Free
* ICRT
* IRIB
* KA
* KBS
* MBC (MU)
* NBAB
* NBC
* NHK
* NPR
* ORTAS
* PART
* RB
* RNZ
* RTHK
* RTM
* SABC
* SBS
* SMG
* TBS/JORX-DTV
* TEME
* TFM/JOAU-FM
* TVNZ
* UCTV
* WFMT

|

Former|

* AFMN
* ANB
* ATV
* CBC (BB)
* EMI
* FTN
* GRTS
* IBB
* JCC
* KNR
* MBC (KR)
* MPR
* NACB
* NTV
* NTVC
* PBC
* PTV (PK)
* QR
* RCR
* RCTV
* RTS
* TVA
* TVB
* TVM (MR)
* UAERTVD
* ZBC

Approved participants|

| Current|

* Arte
* CAT
* Cellnex
* Euronews
* JPMRD
* RTV
* TV5Monde

|

Former|

* MEBC
* RETE
* RTRN
* SNTC
* UTRI

* v
* t
* e

Members of the World Radio Network

* Akashvani (All India Radio)
* Banns Radio International
* Channel Africa
* China Radio International
* Democracy Now!
* Deutsche Welle
* Israel Radio International
* KBR
* KBS World Radio
* NPR
* Radio Poland
* Radio Algeria
* Radio Australia
* Radio Damascus
* Radio Exterior
* Radio France Internationale
* Radio Guangdong
* Radio Havana Cuba
* Radio Japan
* Radio Kuwait
* Radio New Zealand International
* Radio Pakistan
* Radio Prague
* Radio Romania International
* Radio Slovakia International
* Radio Sputnik
* Radio Sweden
* Radio Taiwan International
* Radio Thailand World Service
* Radio Tunis International
* Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior
* RTÉ
* swissinfo
* United Nations Radio
* Vatican Radio
* Voice of Korea
* Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran
* Voice of the Strait
* Voice of Turkey
* World of Radio

* v
* t
* e

National Medal of Arts recipients (2000s)

2000|

* Maya Angelou
* Eddy Arnold
* Mikhail Baryshnikov
* Benny Carter
* Chuck Close
* Horton Foote
* Lewis Manilow
* National Public Radio, cultural programming division
* Claes Oldenburg
* Itzhak Perlman
* Harold Prince
* Barbra Streisand

2001|

* Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation
* Rudolfo Anaya
* Johnny Cash
* Kirk Douglas
* Helen Frankenthaler
* Judith Jamison
* Yo-Yo Ma
* Mike Nichols

2002|

* Florence Knoll Bassett
* Trisha Brown
* Philippe de Montebello
* Uta Hagen
* Lawrence Halprin
* Al Hirschfeld
* George Jones
* Ming Cho Lee
* William "Smokey" Robinson

2003|

* Austin City Limits
* Beverly Cleary
* Rafe Esquith
* Suzanne Farrell
* Buddy Guy
* Ron Howard
* Mormon Tabernacle Choir
* Leonard Slatkin
* George Strait
* Tommy Tune

2004|

* Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
* Ray Bradbury
* Carlisle Floyd
* Frederick Hart
* Anthony Hecht
* John Ruthven
* Vincent Scully
* Twyla Tharp

2005|

* Louis Auchincloss
* James DePreist
* Paquito D'Rivera
* Robert Duvall
* Leonard Garment
* Ollie Johnston
* Wynton Marsalis
* Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* Tina Ramirez
* Dolly Parton

2006|

* William Bolcom
* Cyd Charisse
* Roy DeCarava
* Wilhelmina Holladay
* Interlochen Center for the Arts
* Erich Kunzel
* Preservation Hall Jazz Band
* Gregory Rabassa
* Viktor Schreckengost
* Ralph Stanley

2007|

* Morten Lauridsen
* N. Scott Momaday
* Craig Noel
* Roy Neuberger
* Les Paul
* Henry Z. Steinway
* George Tooker
* Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival (University of Idaho)
* Andrew Wyeth

2008|

* Stan Lee
* Richard M. Sherman
* Robert B. Sherman
* Olivia de Havilland
* Hank Jones
* Jesús Moroles
* Ford's Theatre Society
* Fisk Jubilee Singers, (Fisk University)
* José Limón Dance Foundation
* The Presser Foundation

2009|

* Bob Dylan
* Clint Eastwood
* Milton Glaser
* Maya Lin
* Rita Moreno
* Jessye Norman
* Joseph P. Riley Jr.
* Frank Stella
* Michael Tilson Thomas
* John Williams
* Oberlin Conservatory of Music
* School of American Ballet

* Complete list
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s

Authority control

General|

* ISNI
* 1
* VIAF
* 1
* WorldCat

National libraries|

* Germany
* Israel
* United States

Other|

* MusicBrainz label
* 2
* Social Networks and Archival Context

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[(DK)]: Denmark
*[(NO)]: Norway
*[(GB)]: United Kingdom
*[(IL)]: Israel
*[(FI)]: Finland
*[(HU)]: Hungary
*[(AU)]: Australia
*[(US)]: United States
*[(CA)]: Canada
*[(MU)]: Mauritius
*[(BB)]: Barbados
*[(KR)]: South Korea
*[(PK)]: Pakistan
*[(MR)]: Mauritania