National Assembly (Hungary)

Parliament of Hungary

National Assembly

Országgyűlés

Type
Type|

Unicameral

Leadership

Speaker

László Kövér, Fidesz
since 6 August 2010

First Officer

Márta Mátrai, Fidesz
since 1 January 2013

Deputy Speakers

Csaba Hende, Fidesz (for legislation)
Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz
István Jakab, Fidesz
János Latorcai, KDNP
Lajos Oláh, DK
Dóra Dúró, MHM

Leader of largest
political group

Máté Kocsis, Fidesz
since 8 May 2018

Leader of 2nd largest
political group

István Simicskó, KDNP
since 2 May 2022

Structure
Seats| 199

Political groups

| Government (135)

* Fidesz–KDNP (135)
* Fidesz (116)
* KDNP (19)

Supported by (1)

* German minority (1)

Opposition (63)

* United for Hungary (49)
* DK (15)
* Momentum (10)
* MSZP (10)
* Dialogue (6)[a]
* LMP (5)
* Ind. (3)[b]
* Jobbik (8)
* MHM (6)

Elections

Voting system

| Partially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method)

Last election

| 3 April 2022
Meeting place
Hungarian Parliament Building
Lajos Kossuth Square 1
Budapest, H-1055
Hungary
Website
parlament.hu/national-assembly
Autumn session – 2015

Politics of Hungary

Constitution

* 1949 Constitution

Executive

* President (list)

Katalin Novák
* Government

Current cabinet
Prime Minister (list)

Viktor Orbán

Parliament

* National Assembly

Speaker: László Kövér
* Political parties

Fidesz

Christian Democratic People's
Party (KDNP)

Jobbik
Politics Can Be Different (LMP)
Dialogue for Hungary (PM)
Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)
Democratic Coalition (DK)
Momentum Movement (M)
Everybody's Hungary Movement (MMM)
Our Homeland Movement (MH)

Recent elections

*     * Parliamentary: 2014
* 2018
* 2022

*     * Presidential: 2017
* 2022
* 2024

*     * Local: 2010
* 2014
* 2019

*     * European: 2014
* 2019
* 2024

Budapest

|  Mayor of Budapest

Gergely Karácsony
Mayoral elections

1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2019

Administrative divisions

* Districts
* Counties
* Regions
* Subregions

Foreign relations

* Austria–Hungary relations
* China–Hungary relations
* France–Hungary relations
* Germany–Hungary relations
* Hungary–Italy relations
* Hungary–Russia relations
* Hungary–United Kingdom relations
* Hungary–United States relations

* * *

* Timeline of Hungary–European Union relations
* Politics of the European Union

* Hungary portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

The National Assembly (Hungarian: Országgyűlés, lit. 'Country Assembly') is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 199 (386 between 1990 and 2014) members elected to four-year terms. Election of members is done using a semi-proportional representation: a mixed-member majoritarian representation with partial compensation via transfer votes and mixed single vote; involving single-member districts and one list vote; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to gain list seats. The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to supervise the activities of the ministers. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality. The assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest since 1902.

The current members are the members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2022–2026).

## History[edit]

The Diet of Hungary[1] (Hungarian: Országgyűlés) was a legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s,[2] and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period. The name of the legislative body was originally "Parlamentum" during the Middle Ages, the "Diet" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period.[3] It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946.

The articles of the 1790 diet set out that the diet should meet at least once every 3 years, but, since the diet was called by the Habsburg monarchy, this promise was not kept on several occasions thereafter. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it was reconstituted in 1867.

The Latin term Natio Hungarica ("Hungarian nation") was used to designate the political elite which had participation in the diet, consisting of the nobility, the Catholic clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers,[4][5] regardless of language or ethnicity.[6] Natio Hungarica was a geographic, institutional and juridico-political category.[7]

The democratic character of the Hungarian parliament was reestablished with the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of the communist dictatorship in 1989. Today's parliament is still called the Országgyűlés, as in royal times, but is called the 'National Assembly' to distance itself from the historical royal diet.

## Latest election[edit]

Main article: 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

### Turnout[edit]

Turnout (within Hungary only, excluding eligible voters abroad)[8] 7:00  | 9:00  | 11:00  | 13:00  | 15:00  | 17:00  | 18:30  | Overall

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1.82%  | 10.31%  | 25.77%  | 40.01%  | 52.75%  | 62.92%  | 67.80%  | 69.54%

### Results by party[edit]

Party  | Party list  | Constituency  | Total
Votes  | %  | Seats  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | Seats  | ±
| Fidesz–KDNP | 3,060,706 | 54.13 | 48 | 2,823,419 | 52.52 | 87 | 135 | +2
| United for Hungary | 1,947,331 | 34.44 | 38 | 1,983,708 | 36.90 | 19 | 57 | –8
| Our Homeland Movement | 332,487 | 5.88 | 6 | 307,064 | 5.71 | 0 | 6 | New
| Hungarian Two-Tailed Dog Party | 185,052 | 3.27 | 0 | 126,648 | 2.36 | 0 | 0 | ±0
| Solution Movement | 58,929 | 1.04 | 0 | 64,341 | 1.20 | 0 | 0 | New
| Party of Normal Life | 39,720 | 0.70 | 0 | 31,495 | 0.59 | 0 | 0 | New
| Leftist Alliance (ISZOMM–MMP) |  | 8,678 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 | New
| True Democratic Party |  | 989 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | New
| Civic Response |  | 521 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New
| Our Party - IMA |  | 326 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New
| Party of Greens |  | 208 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New
| MSZDDSZ |  | 177 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | New
| Hungarian Liberal Party |  | 152 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Germans | 24,630 | 0.44 | 1 |  | 1 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Croats | 1,760 | 0.03 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Slovaks | 1,208 | 0.02 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Rusyns | 645 | 0.01 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Romanians | 526 | 0.01 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Serbs | 418 | 0.01 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Ukrainians | 396 | 0.01 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Poles | 281 | 0.00 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Greeks | 232 | 0.00 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Slovenes | 219 | 0.00 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Armenians | 163 | 0.00 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| National Self-Government of Tatars | 157 | 0.00 | 0 |  | 0 | ±0
| Independents |  |  |  | 0 | 0 | –1
Total |  | 100 | 93 |  | 100 | 106 | 199 | 0
Valid votes | 5,651,057 | 98.84 |
Invalid/blank votes | 66,125 | 1.16
Total | 5,717,182 | 100
Registered voters/turnout | 8,215,304[c] | 69.59
Source: National Election Commission (100% counted)

## Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary[edit]

Main article: List of speakers of the National Assembly (Hungary)

## Historical composition of the National Assembly since 1990[edit]

|  |

MSZP

SZDSZ

Egy.

LMP

MLP

Mom.

Par.

Fidesz

KDNP

MDF

FKGP

MIÉP

Jobbik

MHM

Germans

Others

Independent

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1990–1994  |  | 33  | 93  | 21  | 1  | 9  | 21  | 164  | 44

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1994–1998  |  | 209  | 69  | 1  | 1  | 20  | 22  | 38  | 26

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1998–2002  |  | 134  | 24  | 14  | 1  | 148  | 17  | 48

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2002–2006  |  | 178  | 20  | 164  | 24

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2006–2010  |  | 190  | 20  | 1  | 141  | 23  | 11

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2010–2014  |  | 59  | 16  | 47  | 1  | 227  | 36

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2014–2018  |  | 29  | 1  | 3  | 4  | 1  | 5  | 23  | 117  | 16

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2018–2022  |  | 15  | 5  | 1  | 9  | 8  | 26  | 1  | 117  | 16

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2022–2026  |  | 10  | 6  | 15  | 10  | 5  | 10  | 1  | 6  | 1  | 117  | 18

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## Members (since 1990)[edit]

* v
* t
* e

Lists of members of Hungarian Parliament

National Assembly of Soviets|

* 1919

National Assembly|

* 1945–1947
* 1990–1994
* 1994–1998
* 1998–2002
* 2002–2006
* 2006–2010
* 2010–2014
* 2014–2018
* 2018–2022
* current

See also

Government of Hungary
Politics of Hungary
Political parties in Hungary
Elections in Hungary

## Notes[edit]

1. ^
* Szikra (1)
2. ^
* ANPM (1)
3. ^ This number consists of 7,693,695 Hungarians eligible to vote within Hungary, plus 65,480 Hungarians eligible to vote at consulates and embassies abroad, plus 456,129 people eligible to vote by mail abroad.

## References[edit]

1. ^ András Gergely, Gábor Máthé: The Hungarian state: thousand years in Europe (published in 2000)
2. ^ Elemér Hantos: The Magna Carta Of The English And Of The Hungarian Constitution (1904)
3. ^ Cecil Marcus Knatchbull-Hugessen Brabourne (4th Baron): The political evolution of the Hungarian nation: (Volume I. in 1908)
4. ^ John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
5. ^ Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9
6. ^ Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0
7. ^ "Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict". Hungarianhistory.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
8. ^ "Nemzeti Választási Iroda - Országgyűlési Választás 2022". vtr.valasztas.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 3 April 2022.

## External links[edit]

* (in English) Official website
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