Pecos, Texas

Not to be confused with Pecos County, Texas.

City in Texas, United States

Pecos, Texas

City

Storefronts in downtown Pecos

Nickname:

Tarilas

Location of Pecos, Texas

Coordinates: 31°24′56″N 103°30′0″W﻿ / ﻿31.41556°N 103.50000°W﻿ / 31.41556; -103.50000
Country| United States
State| Texas
County| Reeves
Government

• Mayor| David Flores
Area

[1]

• Total| 22.22 sq mi (57.56 km2)
• Land| 22.22 sq mi (57.56 km2)
• Water| 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation

[2]

| 2,582 ft (787 m)
Population

(2020)

• Total| 12,916
• Density| 581/sq mi (224.4/km2)
Time zone| UTC-6 (Central (CST))
• Summer (DST)| UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code|

79772

Area code| 432
FIPS code| 48-56516[3]
GNIS feature ID| 1364996[2]
Website| http://www.pecostx.gov/

Pecos (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs[4]) is the largest city in and the county seat of Reeves County, Texas, United States.[5] It is in the valley on the west bank of the Pecos River at the eastern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert, in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas and just south of New Mexico's border. Its population was 12,916 at the 2020 census.[6] On January 24, 2012, Pecos City appeared on the Forbes 400 as the second-fastest growing small town in the United States.[7] The city is a regional commercial center for ranching, oil and gas production, and agriculture. The city is most recognized for its association with the local cultivation of cantaloupes.[8][9] Pecos claims to be the site of the world's first rodeo on July 4, 1883.[10]

## History[edit]

Signpost in Pecos Water tower and the Santa Rosa church in Pecos, Texas

Pecos is one of the numerous towns in West Texas organized around a train depot during the construction of the Texas and Pacific Railway. These towns were subsequently linked by the construction of U.S. Highway 80 and Interstate 20. Prior to the arrival of the railroad, a permanent camp existed nearby where cattle drives crossed the Pecos River. With the introduction of irrigation from underground aquifers, the city became a center of commerce for extensive local agricultural production of cotton, onions, and cantaloupes. The introduction of large-scale sulfur mining in adjacent Culberson County during the 1960s led to significant economic and population growth.[11] The growth was reversed after mining operations ceased in the 1990s.

In 1962, Pecos resident and tycoon Billie Sol Estes was indicted for fraud by a federal grand jury. Estes' extensive machinations caused a national-level scandal, resulting in a shakeup at the Department of Agriculture. Oscar Griffin, Jr., of the Pecos Independent and Enterprise newspaper won a Pulitzer Prize for breaking the story.[12]

Pecos is the site of the largest private prison in the world, the Reeves County Detention Complex, operated by the GEO Group.[13]

## Geography[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.3 square miles (19 km2), all land.

## Demographics[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1890| 393| | —
1900| 639| | 62.6%
1910| 1,856| | 190.5%
1920| 1,445| | −22.1%
1930| 3,304| | 128.7%
1940| 4,855| | 46.9%
1950| 8,054| | 65.9%
1960| 12,728| | 58.0%
1970| 12,682| | −0.4%
1980| 12,855| | 1.4%
1990| 12,069| | −6.1%
2000| 9,501| | −21.3%
2010| 8,780| | −7.6%
2020| 12,916| | 47.1%
1890-2000,[14] 2010[15]

### 2020 census[edit]

Pecos racial composition[16][17]
Race  | Number  | Percentage

|
|

White | 7,167  | 55.49%
Black or African American | 278  | 2.15%
American Indian and Alaska Native | 87  | 0.67%
Asian | 163  | 1.26%
Pacific Islander | 2  | 0.02%
Some Other Race  | 2,097  | 16.24%
Mixed/multiracial | 3,122  | 24.17%
Total | 12,916
Hispanic or Latino[a] | 11,129  | 86.16%
Non-Hispanic  | 1,787  | 13.84%
Total | 12,916 |

As of the 2020 United States census, 12,916 people, 2,729 households, and 1,857 families resided in the city.

### 2000 census[edit]

As of the census[3] of 2000, 9,501 people, 3,168 households, and 2,455 families were residing in the city. The population density was 1,300.1 inhabitants per square mile (502.0/km2). The 3,681 housing units averaged 503.7 per mi2 (194.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.322% White, 2.45% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 18.07% from other races, and 22% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 79.57% of the population.

Of the 3,168 households, 39.9% had children under 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were not families. About 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.97, and the average family size was 3.47.

In the city, the age distribution was 32.5% under 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,943, and for a family was $26,376. Males had a median income of $25,867 versus $13,874 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,857. About 23.4% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.0% of those under 18 and 15.6% of those 65 or over.

## Education[edit]

The City of Pecos is served by the Pecos-Barstow-Toyah Independent School District, which currently has five schools: Pecos Kindergarten, Austin Elementary (grades 1–3), Bessie Haynes Elementary (grades 4–5), Crockett Middle School, (grades 6–8), and Pecos High School (grades 9–12).

## Climate[edit]

Pecos experiences a semiarid (BSk) to desert climate (BWh) with hot summers and mild winters. The city's aridity results in a substantial diurnal temperature variation, resulting in cool nights even after hot summer days.

Climate data for Pecos, Texas

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 89
(32)  | 94
(34)  | 103
(39)  | 106
(41)  | 112
(44)  | 118
(48)  | 116
(47)  | 113
(45)  | 110
(43)  | 106
(41)  | 94
(34)  | 89
(32)  | 118
(48)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 61
(16)  | 66
(19)  | 74
(23)  | 84
(29)  | 91
(33)  | 99
(37)  | 99
(37)  | 98
(37)  | 92
(33)  | 82
(28)  | 69
(21)  | 63
(17)  | 82
(28)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 28
(−2)  | 31
(−1)  | 38
(3)  | 48
(9)  | 57
(14)  | 67
(19)  | 69
(21)  | 68
(20)  | 61
(16)  | 50
(10)  | 35
(2)  | 29
(−2)  | 48
(9)
Record low °F (°C)  | −9
(−23)  | −8
(−22)  | 12
(−11)  | 24
(−4)  | 30
(−1)  | 48
(9)  | 55
(13)  | 45
(7)  | 37
(3)  | 25
(−4)  | 8
(−13)  | 1
(−17)  | −9
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 0.42
(11)  | 0.38
(9.7)  | 0.33
(8.4)  | 0.57
(14)  | 1.14
(29)  | 1.11
(28)  | 1.33
(34)  | 1.24
(31)  | 1.85
(47)  | 1.16
(29)  | 0.47
(12)  | 0.49
(12)  | 10.48
(266)
Source: Weatherbase [20]

## Notable people[edit]

* Billie Sol Estes, financier convicted of fraud[12]
* Paul Gonzales, boxer, gold medalist at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games
* Oscar Griffin, Jr., recipient of 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting[21]
* Roger Mobley, later child actor, resided in Pecos in the 1950s
* Abel Talamantez, singer of Menudo and the Kumbia Kings

## References[edit]

1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Pecos, Texas
3. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. ^ "How to Pronounce: P Cities". texastripper.com. September 23, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
6. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Pecos city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
7. ^ "Pecos, Texas (TX 79772) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders". city-data.com. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
8. ^ View Atlas Data
9. ^ "Pecos Cantaloupe Industry". Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
10. ^ "View Atlas Data". Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
11. ^ SULFUR INDUSTRY from the Handbook of Texas Online
12. ^ a b McFadden, Robert D. (May 14, 2013). "Billie Sol Estes, Texas Con Man Whose Fall Shook Up Washington, Dies at 88". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
13. ^ "Private Prisons, Public Pain". fwweekly.com. March 10, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
14. ^ Texasalmanac (PDF-Datei; 1,13 MB)
15. ^ "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)". census.gov. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
16. ^ "Pecos city, Texas". data.census.gov. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
17. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
18. ^ https://www.census.gov/[not specific enough to verify]
19. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
20. ^ "Weatherbase: Weather for Pecos, Texas". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 22, 2011.
21. ^ "Pulitzer Prize Awardees - The University of Texas at Austin". utexas.edu. Retrieved September 15, 2016.

1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[18][19]

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pecos, Texas.

* Pecos, Texas – Official Site
* Pecos, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
* Pecos Area Chamber of Commerce

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