Pleiku

City in Gia Lai, Vietnam

Pleiku

Thành phố Pleiku

Pờ-lây-cu/Plây-cu

City (Class-1)

Pleiku City

From top to bottom, from left to right: Pleiku at night, Minh Thành pagoda, Đại đoàn kết square, Đức An lake, Biển Hồ

Seal

Pleiku

Location of Pleiku in Vietnam

Coordinates: 13°59′N 108°0′E﻿ / ﻿13.983°N 108.000°E﻿ / 13.983; 108.000
Country|  Vietnam
Province| Gia Lai
Area

• Total| 260.77 km2 (100.68 sq mi)
Elevation

[1]

| 740 m (2,420 ft)
Population

(2023)

• Total| 340,000
• Density| 1,304/km2 (3,380/sq mi)
Climate| Aw

Pleiku is a city in central Vietnam, located in the Central Highlands region. It is the capital of the Gia Lai Province. Many years ago, it was inhabited primarily by the Bahnar and Jarai ethnic groups, sometimes known as the Montagnards or Degar, although now it is inhabited primarily by the Kinh ethnic group. The city is the centre of the urban district of Pleiku which covers an area of 261 km² (100 mi²).

As of 2023, the district has a population of around 340,000 people.[2]

## Name[edit]

The name "Pleiku" first appeared in the Governor-General of French Indochina records in 1905, in the decree that established the province of Gia Lai. The Decree of the Governor-General of Indochina dated July 4, 1905, established an autonomous province in the western mountainous region of Binh Dinh province, naming it "Plei-Kou-Derr". This marked the first official use of the name "Plei-Kou" in writing.

The word "Plơi" means "village" in Jarai, while "Kơdưr" can mean either "north" or "upper". Therefore, the name "Pleiku" can be translated as "upper village" or "village in the north".

The word "Derr" is likely a Jarai word that was added to the name "Pleiku" by the French to distinguish it from other villages in the area. The name "Pleiku" has been used since the colonial period and is still the official name of the city today.

## History[edit]

### First Indochina War[edit]

At the end of the First Indochina War, in June 1954, the French Army Groupe Mobile 100 was ordered to fall back from An Khê to Pleiku and then to reopen Route Coloniale 14 between Pleiku and Buôn Ma Thuột. This led to the last battle of the war: the Battle of Mang Yang Pass.

### Second Indochina War[edit]

T' Nung Lake in outskirt of Pleiku Pleiku Square in Pleiku Minh Thanh Pagoda in Pleiku

Pleiku was strategically important during the Vietnam War because it was the primary terminus of the military supply logistics corridor extending westwards along Highway 19 from the coastal population centre and port facilities of Qui Nhơn. Additionally, its central location on the plateau, between Kon Tum to the North, Buôn Ma Thuột to the south, and the North Vietnamese Army's base areas inside Cambodia to the west made Pleiku the main centre of defense of the entire highland region of the Republic of Vietnam. This was obvious to both sides; the United States established an armed presence very early in the conflict at Camp Holloway, and the Việt Cộng attack on this base in early 1965 was one of the key escalating events that brought U.S. troops into the conflict.[3]

On 15 June 1972, Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z, operating a Convair 880 (VR-HFZ) from Bangkok to Hong Kong, disintegrated and crashed while the aircraft was flying at 29,000 feet (8,800 m) over Pleiku, Vietnam after a bomb exploded in a suitcase placed under a seat in the cabin, killing all 81 people on board.

Main article: Ho Chi Minh Campaign

After the fall of Buôn Ma Thuột to a major North Vietnamese assault in early 1975, and the resulting insecurity of National Route 19 leading from Qui Nhơn, the president, Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, ordered the hasty evacuation of Pleiku. The military operation to attempt the withdrawal of ARVN forces, down the poorly maintained tertiary road LTL-7B through Ayun Pa to Tuy Hòa, led to a catastrophe in which over 100,000 evacuees from Pleiku and Kon Tum were killed or left stranded without support.[citation needed]

## Geography[edit]

Pleiku city is located in the center of Gia Lai province, geographically located:

* The east borders Dak Doa district.
* The west borders Ia Grai district.
* The south borders Chu Prong district.
* The north borders Chu Pah district.

Pleiku is located on the traffic axis between National Highway 14 and National Route 19 connecting the whole country, near the Indochina intersection, on the Ho Chi Minh Highway, and in the growth triangle of neighboring provinces, as well as other countries. Neighboring countries such as Cambodia and Laos. The total natural area is 26,076.8 hectares, and is the economic, political, cultural and social center of Gia Lai province. Pleiku city is about 600 km north of Ho Chi Minh City, 1,287 km south of Hanoi Capital, 181 km from Buon Ma Thuot City, 377 km from Da Nang city.

Pleiku is located at an average altitude of 700m - 800m; Ham Rong junction or junction of National Highway 14 and National Highway 19 (south of Pleiku city) has an altitude of 785 m.

## Climate[edit]

Climate data for Pleiku

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 35.0
(95.0)  | 36.1
(97.0)  | 36.3
(97.3)  | 35.1
(95.2)  | 33.1
(91.6)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 31.6
(88.9)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 32.0
(89.6)  | 31.3
(88.3)  | 36.3
(97.3)
Average high °C (°F)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 28.5
(83.3)  | 30.5
(86.9)  | 31.1
(88.0)  | 29.5
(85.1)  | 27.4
(81.3)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 26.9
(80.4)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 27.7
(81.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 20.6
(69.1)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 21.9
(71.4)  | 20.8
(69.4)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 21.9
(71.4)
Average low °C (°F)  | 14.0
(57.2)  | 15.1
(59.2)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 20.1
(68.2)  | 20.1
(68.2)  | 19.8
(67.6)  | 18.6
(65.5)  | 17.1
(62.8)  | 15.2
(59.4)  | 18.1
(64.6)
Record low °C (°F)  | 5.6
(42.1)  | 6.8
(44.2)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 10.0
(50.0)  | 14.6
(58.3)  | 16.6
(61.9)  | 15.6
(60.1)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 13.7
(56.7)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 5.8
(42.4)  | 5.8
(42.4)  | 5.6
(42.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 2.4
(0.09)  | 6.7
(0.26)  | 24.2
(0.95)  | 92.8
(3.65)  | 249.2
(9.81)  | 322.9
(12.71)  | 396.1
(15.59)  | 462.7
(18.22)  | 358.9
(14.13)  | 190.8
(7.51)  | 62.8
(2.47)  | 10.8
(0.43)  | 2,179.9
(85.82)
Average rainy days  | 0.6  | 0.8  | 3.1  | 8.1  | 17.7  | 23.0  | 26.6  | 27.4  | 24.8  | 15.9  | 7.2  | 2.3  | 157.5
Average relative humidity (%)  | 76.6  | 73.7  | 72.0  | 75.1  | 82.9  | 89.1  | 90.8  | 91.9  | 90.4  | 86.1  | 82.1  | 79.0  | 82.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 263.2  | 260.1  | 272.1  | 240.8  | 210.1  | 155.5  | 146.2  | 127.9  | 136.1  | 178.1  | 199.1  | 229.3  | 2,415.3
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[4]
Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina (1930-1931)[5]

## Demography[edit]

In 1971, during the Republic of Vietnam, Pleiku provincial capital had 34,867 residents. According to the statistical yearbook, the city's population includes 28 ethnic groups; The Kinh people make up the majority (87.5%), the rest are other ethnic groups, mainly the Gia Rai and Ba Na ethnic groups (12.5%). The number of people of working age is about 328,240 people, accounting for 65% of the population.

The natural population growth rate decreased rapidly, reaching 1.12% in 2008. The above results have contributed positively to the work of hunger eradication and poverty reduction, creating jobs and improving the quality of life for the people.

Ethnic minorities live mainly in villages such as Plei Op village (Hoa Lu ward), Kep village (Dong Da ward), Brúk Ngol village (Yen The ward), and some other villages. The entire urban area has 62,829 households with 274,048 people with permanent residence. Including the converted population, there are about 504,984 people.

## Administrative Divisions[edit]

Pleiku city is divided into 22 commune-level administrative units, including 14 wards: Chi Lang, Dien Hong, Dong Da, Hoa Lu, Hoi Phu, Hoi Thuong, Ia Kring, Phu Dong, Tay Son, Thang Loi, Thong Nhat, Tra Ba, Yen Do, Yen The and 8 communes: An Phu, Bien Ho, Chu A, Dien Phu, Gao, Ia Kenh, Tan Son, Tra Da.

## Sports[edit]

The city is home to the Hoàng Anh Gia Lai football club.

## Transport[edit]

The city sits at the junction of several national roads—National Route 14 to Kon Tum in the north and Buôn Ma Thuột in the south and National Route 19 to Stung Treng in Cambodia in the west (via Ratanakiri Province) and to Bình Định Province in the east.

In addition, Pleiku is served by Pleiku Airport in the near outskirts of the city.

## References[edit]

1. ^ Pleiku, Sheet L7014 6636-IV, Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, 1965.
2. ^ "Nghị quyết số 234/NQ-HĐND ngày 07/7/2023 của HĐND tỉnh về thông qua Nhiệm vụ điều chỉnh Quy hoạch chung thành phố Pleiku đến năm 2045". Hội đồng nhân dân tỉnh Gia Lai. Retrieved 24/11/2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|archive-date=` requires `|archive-url=` (help); Check date values in: `|access-date=` and `|archive-date=` (help)
3. ^ Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: A History, New York: Penguin Books, (1984), p. 428, ISBN 0670842184
4. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
5. ^ The Yearbook of Indochina (1930-1931)

* v
* t
* e

Cities in Vietnam

Municipalities|

| Special|

* Hanoi
* Ho Chi Minh City

|

Class-1|

* Cần Thơ
* Da Nang
* Haiphong

Municipal cities|

| Class-1|

* Thủ Đức

|

Provincial cities|

| Class-1|

* Bắc Ninh
* Biên Hòa
* Buôn Ma Thuột
* Da Lat
* Hạ Long
* Hải Dương
* Huế
* Long Xuyên
* Mỹ Tho
* Nam Định
* Nha Trang
* Pleiku
* Quy Nhon
* Thái Nguyên
* Thanh Hóa
* Thủ Dầu Một
* Việt Trì
* Vinh
* Vũng Tàu

|

Class-2|

* Bà Rịa
* Bạc Liêu
* Bắc Giang
* Bến Tre
* Cà Mau
* Cao Lãnh
* Cẩm Phả
* Châu Đốc
* Đồng Hới
* Hà Tĩnh
* Lào Cai
* Lạng Sơn
* Móng Cái
* Ninh Bình
* Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm
* Phan Thiết
* Phủ Lý
* Phú Quốc
* Quảng Ngãi
* Rạch Giá
* Sa Đéc
* Sơn La
* Tam Kỳ
* Tân An
* Thái Bình
* Trà Vinh
* Tuy Hòa
* Uông Bí
* Vị Thanh
* Vĩnh Long
* Vĩnh Yên

Class-3|

* Bắc Kạn
* Bảo Lộc
* Cam Ranh
* Cao Bằng
* Chí Linh
* Dĩ An
* Điện Biên Phủ
* Đông Hà
* Đồng Xoài
* Gia Nghĩa
* Hà Giang
* Hà Tiên
* Hòa Bình
* Hội An
* Hưng Yên
* Hồng Ngự
* Kon Tum
* Lai Châu
* Long Khánh
* Ngã Bảy
* Phúc Yên
* Sầm Sơn
* Sóc Trăng
* Sông Công
* Tân Uyên
* Tam Điệp
* Tây Ninh
* Thuận An
* Tuyên Quang
* Từ Sơn
* Yên Bái

District-level towns|

| Class-3|

* An Nhơn
* Bến Cát
* Bỉm Sơn
* Bình Minh
* Cai Lậy
* Cửa Lò
* Đông Triều
* Gò Công
* Kỳ Anh
* La Gi
* Long Mỹ
* Phổ Yên
* Phú Mỹ
* Phú Thọ
* Quảng Yên
* Sông Cầu
* Sơn Tây
* Tân Châu

|

Class-4|

* An Khê
* Ayun Pa
* Ba Đồn
* Bình Long
* Buôn Hồ
* Duy Tiên
* Duyên Hải
* Điện Bàn
* Đức Phổ
* Đông Hòa
* Giá Rai
* Hòa Thành
* Hoài Nhơn
* Hoàng Mai
* Hồng Lĩnh
* Hương Thủy
* Hương Trà
* Kiến Tường
* Kinh Môn
* Mường Lay
* Mỹ Hào
* Ngã Năm
* Nghi Sơn
* Nghĩa Lộ
* Ninh Hòa
* Phước Long
* Quảng Trị
* Sa Pa
* Thái Hòa
* Trảng Bàng
* Vĩnh Châu

* v
* t
* e

Districts of Vietnam Central Highlands

Đắk Lắk province|

* Buôn Ma Thuột city※
* Buôn Hồ town
* Buôn Đôn
* Cư Kuin
* Cư M'gar
* Ea H'Leo
* Ea Kar
* Ea Súp
* Krông Ana
* Krông Bông
* Krông Búk
* Krông Năng
* Krông Pắc
* Lắk
* M'Drắk

Đắk Nông province|

* Gia Nghĩa city※
* Cư Jút
* Đắk Glong
* Đắk Mil
* Đắk R'lấp
* Đắk Song
* Krông Nô
* Tuy Đức

Gia Lai province|

* Pleiku city※
* An Khê town
* Ayun Pa town
* Chư Păh
* Chư Prông
* Chư Pưh
* Chư Sê
* Đắk Đoa
* Đak Pơ
* Đức Cơ
* Ia Grai
* Ia Pa
* Kbang
* Kông Chro
* Krông Pa
* Mang Yang
* Phú Thiện

Kon Tum province|

* Kon Tum city※
* Đăk Glei
* Đăk Hà
* Đăk Tô
* Ia H'Drai
* Kon Plông
* Kon Rẫy
* Ngọc Hồi
* Sa Thầy
* Tu Mơ Rông

Lâm Đồng province|

* Bảo Lộc city
* Da Lat city※
* Bảo Lâm
* Cát Tiên
* Đạ Huoai
* Đạ Tẻh
* Đam Rông
* Di Linh
* Đơn Dương
* Đức Trọng
* Lạc Dương
* Lâm Hà

※ denotes provincial seat.

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* France
* BnF data
* Germany
* Israel
* United States

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

13°59′N 108°00′E﻿ / ﻿13.983°N 108.000°E﻿ / 13.983; 108.000
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template