Radio in Singapore

Public radio broadcasts in Singapore, Malaysia

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Public radio broadcasting began in Singapore in the April of 1925, after the Amateur Wireless Society of Malaya obtained a temporary license to broadcast. Radio Singapura was established as the first local mass market radio service in 1959. Subsequently, on February 15, 1963, before the withdrawal of the British Armed Forces, and after the merger with Malaya, Singapore's first television service began as Televisyen Singapura (TV Singapura) under its owner, Radio Television Singapore (RTS).

## History[edit]

### Initial broadcasts[edit]

In 1922, a series of government committees were constituted to look into the licensing requirement for receiving, transmitting, and broadcasting radio signals throughout the British Empire.[1][2] In 1924, only 17 licenses were issued in Singapore, mostly for experiments to ascertain the equipment necessary for wireless transmissions, while the issuance of licenses to amateurs remained suspended.[1] Public radio broadcasting in Singapore began in April 1925, after the Amateur Wireless Society of Malaya (AWSM) obtained a temporary license to broadcast.[3][4] Operating under the callsin, 1SE (One Singapore Experimental),[5] the station used a 100-watt transmitter lent by the Marconi Company to transmit its signals from the top floor of the Union Building, Collyer Quay.[6] Its first concert transmission was broadcast in April 1925.[5] AWSM would continue to broadcast regular transmissions of vocal and instrumental items by local artists on Friday and Saturday nights, as well as experimental broadcasts on Sunday mornings.[7] The transmissions could be received from as far as Penang, albeit with atmospheric interferenes at times.[4][8]

### BBC World Service[edit]

The BBC World Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was inaugurated on December 19, 1932, as the BBC Empire Service, broadcasting on shortwave[9] and aimed principally at English speakers across the British Empire. In his first Christmas Message (1932), King George V characterized the service as intended for "men and women, so cut off by the snow, the desert, or the sea, that only voices out of the air can reach them".[10] First, hopes for the Empire Service were low. The Director-General, Sir John Reith, said in the opening program:

> Don't expect too much in the early days; for some time we shall transmit comparatively simple programmes, to give the best chance of intelligible reception and provide evidence as to the type of material most suitable for the service in each zone. The programmes will neither be very interesting nor very good.[10][11]

From 1946 until 2023, BBC World Service programmes were transmitted to its largest audiences in Asia from the BBC Far Eastern Relay Station at Kranji, and made available to local audiences through long-term agreements with Mediacorp.[12]

### Radio Singapura[edit]

Radio Singapura, the first local radio service, was launched on January 4, 1959, months before Singapore gained gradual autonomy from the United Kingdom.[13]

Radio Singapura subsequently became part of Radio Television Singapore (RTS), which in turn became part of the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). After SBC was fully privatised, it became the Radio Corporation of Singapore (RCS), which would later become the radio broadcasting division of Mediacorp.

### Rediffusion Singapore[edit]

Main article: Rediffusion Singapore

With the success of Radio Singapura, another key player in the broadcasting industry in the pre-independence Singapore, Rediffusion Singapore, introduced cable broadcasting service to Singapore in 1949. Rediffusion Singapore brought radio to housing areas which lacked sufficient radio reception with improvements in radio broadcasting.[14]

Radio Rediffusion, the pioneer cable-radio operator on Clemenceau Avenue, continued to operate in the modern era of radio broadcasting in Singapore. However, it was not entirely able to technological advancements over time. Radio Rediffusion operated successfully for several years on a subscription-based model, and while the service did make the digital transition (as well as pioneering the use of encrypted DAB+), it was evident that more changes were needed to maintain the operation. These changes were insufficient, however, and led to it eventually closing down. Its name and assets were sold off in 2012.[15]

### NTUC Heart (1991-2001)[edit]

The National Trade Union Congress began planning to operate its radio station in 1990, with the launch set for early 1991.[16] Known as NTUC Radio at the time, [16] it would be broadcast on 91.3 MHz in English and 100.3 MHz in Mandarin,[17] with 10% aside for Malay and Tamil programmes on the two stations respectively.[18] Both stations were the first "wireless" private radio stations in Singapore.[18] Being not profit-driven,[19] the radio stations would have a "social purpose" besides providing entertainment.[17] It planned to compete with SBC and the two radio stations from Batam.[16] NTUC would later adopt the name Radio Heart in January 1991,[18] which was also the name of its sponsored radio programme, "Voice from the Heart", which aired on SBC.[17]

Radio Heart began trial transmissions on 28 January 1991[18] and launched on 2 March by the secretary-general of NTUC, Ong Teng Cheong.[19] His brief speech at 10:45 am was followed by NTUC's theme song, "Voices from the Heart", requested by Ong himself to the NTUC members.[20]

Radio Heart was operated by NTUC Voice Cooperative Society Limited,[21] which also owned "other communication and publication ventures", with studios located at the basement of Singapore Labour Foundation building at Thomson Road.[16] It operated with an initial budget of $10 million.[21]

By mid-1991, Radio Heart was able to achieve higher number of listeners than those of SBC's, with Heart 100.3 getting 79,000 listeners and Heart 91.3 with 9,000 listeners in the one-hour period between 12 pm and 1 pm.[22]

On 15 July 1991, transmissions of Radio Heart's 91.3 and 100.3 were suspended for 32 hours due to problems with the transmitter at the SLF building in Thomson Road. Both stations resumed broadcasting on 17 July on low power. [23]

In October 1992, Heart 91.3 revamped its programming to shed its "teeny-bopper" image and to appeal to a wider audience, with each programme having a specific theme and play a wide range of music from reggae to country. The changes were not related to the competition with SBC as their target audience was different.[24] By 1992, Heart 91.3 had an average daily listenership of 61,000, or three percent of adults, lower than the Class 95 and Perfect 10.[24]

The Straits Times in 1993 described Radio Heart's programming which include lifestyle, fitness and health, current affairs, education and entertainment.[25]

In July 1993, Radio Heart opened a satellite studio – a "branch" of the main studio – at the Takashimaya complex of Ngee Ann City[26] in Orchard Road, operating from 12 pm to 8 pm. Over four hours of live programming came from the studio, with 91.3 from 12 to 2 pm and 100.3 from 6 to 8 pm.[25]

As part of National Day celebrations in August 1993, 91.3 aired Lion City Heartbeat,[27] airing only Singaporean music throughout its broadcast day, divided into easy listening, blues and alternative. The station collaborated with local magazine BigO for sourcing older music materials and relevant information.[28] The broadcast continued the following year, lasting for 21 hours.[27]

91.3 and 100.3 began 24 hour broadcasting on 1 May 1994. Roland Tan, general manager of NTUC Radio, said that the stations' overnight presenters made the station different to other stations. The response was positive, with callers coming in at 2 am, mostly students in the higher institutions studying for exams and want to relax after studying.[29]

On 3 September 1995, Heart 91.3 relaunched as a station playing adult contemporary songs targeting listeners aged between 25 and 45 to avoid the misconception that the station is for the younger listeners.[30]

In October 1995, NTUC members proposed to Radio Heart to use Standard Malay in its programmes; however it was already implemented. The members also propose Radio Heart to air Malay programmes in earlier slots for the convenience of listeners.[31]

In 1997, Radio Heart 100.3 had a core group of 250,000 listeners aged between 25 and 40 and are blue and white-collar workers. [32] It also had six deejays, each of them had assigned nicknames that end with "Heart". [32] Also around this time, Heart 100.3 and its English counterpart Heart 91.3 were airing a wide range of music, ranging from "pop to alternative to classical" and multilingual programmes that feature English, Japanese, Thai and Chinese-dialect music.[32]

Heart 100.3 planned to give airtime to "other aspects of life" in 1998, including books, theaters and non-commercialised programmes.[32]

### So Drama! Entertainment[edit]

Main article: So Drama! Entertainment

So Drama! Entertainment is managed by the SAFRA National Service Association, a non-profit organisation that is dedicated to the welfare of National Servicemen (colloquially called "NSmen"). So Drama! Entertainment runs two stations, Power 98 Love Songs and 88.3Jia, broadcasting in English and Mandarin Chinese respectively. The stations cater to national and professional servicemen, and both radio stations are entertainment-based, featuring modern commercial music and the latest entertainment news.

### SPH Radio[edit]

SPH Radio operates 5 radio stations, which includes 96.3 Hao FM and UFM100.3 in Mandarin, as well as Money FM 89.3, Kiss92 and HOT FM91.3 in English.

HOT FM91.3 is an English Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) music station playing new and current top 40 hits catering to listeners under 30. Programs and promotions are injected with loads of fun and quirkiness with a key focus on engagement and the listener's experience. Hot FM91.3 has become well known for identifying and playing hits before they are hits. Listeners are given control over the playlist through Hot FM91.3's online feedback platform called "Rate The Hits" which allows listeners to directly influence which songs they want to hear and how often. HOT FM91.3 also introduced 'HOTFM CONTROL' in which fans are given access to an entire database of songs that the station plays. Fans will be able to determine the next track that they want to hear in real-time with their votes and the winning song will be played on air immediately. With the introduction of HOTFM CONTROL, a fan's preference makes up the music selection of the station's weekly playlist. The station is also focused on engagement with its listeners through on-ground events such as its signature "Must Drink Friday" held on the last Friday of the month with a free flow of drinks and interaction with their favourite DJs. Hot FM also engages its listeners on the street with car decal giveaways and live broadcasts, in school with Recess Express school visits, online with Facebook and the station website, and on Mobile with Hot FM's iPhone & Android apps.

The HOT FM91.3 line-up includes The Shan & Cheryl Show in the mornings from 6 am to 10 pm. JJ plays non-stop hits from 10 am to 4 pm followed by BT, Adam and Josh taking you home from 4 pm to 7;30 pm. Charmaine Yee of the HOT 30 Countdown rounds up the day with the daily fan rated chart show.

Hot FM is now known as ONE FM, and targets a male audience demographic.

In September 2012, Singapore welcomed KISS 92 FM, raising the number of radio stations from 18 to 19 on the island. Following a tender for bids on two open dial positions, the media company SPH UnionWorks Pte Ltd was successful in procuring the one opening that was ultimately allotted at 92.0 MHz with a proposal to have the station target mainly women listeners, but also included in the anticipated target audience – families.[33] It provides in-depth women and family content, coupled with adult contemporary music. Women aged 30 and above, and families will find the channel informative and entertaining.

Kiss92 brings on experts to share their knowledge on topics such as Relationships and Family Matters, Health and Wellness issues, Financial Planning and Career Advancements. It also covers Fashion and Beauty, Shopping, Entertainment, as well as offer listings of family friendly and community events. Tapping on its collaboration with SPH Magazines,

Maddy, Jason and Arnold in the morning start the day from 6 am to 10 pm followed by Claressa Monteiro jazzing up the afternoon from 10 am to 2 pm. Desiree Lai from 2 pm to 4 pm and John Klass taking fans home helming the 4pm to 8pm show.

UFM100.3 is a highly charged Mandarin infotainment station targeting working professionals aged between 35 – 49 years that is specially catered to their lifestyle. Its creative, lively and engaging delivery style is able to consistently hook listeners on for a far longer period of listening. Program content is designed to cater specifically to busy individuals with timely updates and discussions on current affairs, health and wellness, financial planning, property investment, communication, lifestyle, music and entertainment.

The station's drive-time programmes are anchored by veteran DJs Wenhong, Limei and Xiaozhu in the morning, and DJ Anna in the evening. Lunchtime programme is helmed by Yuling from 10 am to 2 pm followed by Liangquan from 2 pm to 5 pm.

The station actively engages its listeners through various interactive events such as dinner gatherings and enrichment workshops. To further strengthen loyalty, DJs also reaches out to the public through its outdoor activations, conducting games and giveaway prizes while introducing the station to new potential listeners. UFM100.3 also supports various community, non-profit and charity organizations with its annual U-Shine program that raises public awareness of lesser-known causes and charities.

MONEY FM 89.3 and 96.3 Hao FM are set up in January 2018, and they are the latest addition to SPH Media Trust's radio brand. MONEY FM 89.3 targets educated English speakers aged 35 years and above who take an interest in everyday personal finance matters, while 96.3 Hao FM targets bilingual Singaporeans aged 45 years and above with Chinese music and infotainment.

## Listenership[edit]

All most-listenership.

Rank | Station | Group | Listenership

|
|
|

#1 | BBC World Service | BBC Radio | 100%
Mediacorp
Ria 897
Gold 905
Symphony 924
YES 933
CNA938
Warna 942
Class 95
Capital 958
Oli 968
Love 972
987

* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2021 Wave 2 - RadioInfo Asia
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2020 Wave 2 - Mediacorp
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2019 Wave 2 - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2019 Wave 1 (Mediacorp) - CNA
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2018 Wave 2 (Mediacorp) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2018 Wave 2 (SPH) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2017 Wave 2 (Mediacorp) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2017 Wave 2 (SPH) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2017 Wave 1 (SPH) - SPH
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2016 Wave 2 (Mediacorp) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2016 Wave 2 (SPH) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2015 Wave 2 (SPH) - AsiaRadioToday
* Nielsen Radio Diary Survey 2015 Wave 1 (Mediacorp) - AsiaRadioToday

## Radio stations[edit]

Main article: List of radio stations in Singapore

### Mediacorp Radio[edit]

Mediacorp operates twelve FM radio channels, including BBC World Service (under the long-term agreement with the BBC), broadcasting in FM stereo format.[34] The company's digital audio broadcasting service was discontinued on 1 December 2011.[35]

Frequency (FM) | TRP (kW) | Station | RDS | Language | Genre | Opening date | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

88.9 MHz | 5 | BBC World Service | BBC_WS__ | English | News/Talk | 19 December 1932; 91 years ago (19 December 1932) | 24-hour relay of BBC Empire Service (now BBC World Service).
89.7 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp Ria 897 | RIA_897_ | Malay | Top 40 (CHR) | 1 December 1990; 33 years ago (1 December 1990) |
90.5 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp Gold 905 | GOLD_905 | English | News/Talk
Classic hits
Nostalgia | 1 March 1937; 86 years ago (1 March 1937) (under British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation) |
92.4 MHz | 10 | Mediacorp Symphony 924 | SYM_924_ | English | Classical | 18 July 1969; 54 years ago (18 July 1969) |
93.3 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp YES 933 | YES_933_ | Mandarin Chinese | Top 40 (CHR) (Mandopop/K-pop) | 1 January 1990; 34 years ago (1 January 1990) |
93.8 MHz | 6 | CNA938 | cna938 | English | News/Talk | 1 January 1998; 26 years ago (1 January 1998) |
94.2 MHz | 10 | Mediacorp Warna 942 | WARNA942 | Malay | Adult contemporary
Drama
News/Talk/Islamic | 1 March 1937; 86 years ago (1 March 1937) (under British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation) |
95.0 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp Class 95 | CLASS_95 | English | Soft adult contemporary | 1 April 1990; 33 years ago (1 April 1990) |
95.8 MHz | 10 | Mediacorp Capital 958 | CAPTL958 | Mandarin Chinese | Classic hits (C-pop)
News/Talk | 1 March 1937; 86 years ago (1 March 1937) (under British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation) |
96.8 MHz | 10 | Mediacorp Oli 968 | OLI_968_ | Tamil | Adult contemporary
Infotainment | 1 March 1937; 86 years ago (1 March 1937) (under British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation) |
97.2 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp Love 972 | LOVE_972 | Mandarin Chinese | Adult contemporary (Mandopop)
Infotainment | 23 September 1994; 29 years ago (23 September 1994) |
98.7 MHz | 6 | Mediacorp 987 | 987FM___ | English | Top 40 (CHR) | 1 January 1989; 35 years ago (1 January 1989) |

### FM stations[edit]

* The BBC World Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was inaugurated on 19 December 1932 as the BBC Empire Service, broadcasting on shortwave[9] and aimed principally at English speakers across the British Empire. In his first Christmas Message (1932), King George V characterised the service as intended for "men and women, so cut off by the snow, the desert, or the sea, that only voices out of the air can reach them".[10] First hopes for the Empire Service were low. The Director-General, Sir John Reith, said in the opening programme. In Singapore, the BBC World Service in English is essentially treated as a domestic broadcaster, easily available 24/7 through long-term agreement with British Malaya Broadcasting Corporation which expanded the array of programmes available for resident listeners.
* Perfect Ten 98.7FM (now 987) was officially formal full launched took place on New Year's Day 1989 at stroke of midnight SST[36][37] with ten DJs, the very first 24-hour English radio station in Singapore of Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). It broadcast from Caldecott Broadcast Centre after officially launched with very first programme "Ring is the New Year" a link-up with Radio 1 to usher in the New Year with fun and music. All radio stations started broadcasting 24/7 from New Year's Day 2008.[38][39]
* Mediacorp used to offer Visual Radio service on Nokia phones. The first radio stations to utilise Visual Radio are 987 in December 2005 and YES 933 in June 2006. The service has since been discontinued.
* The 89.3 MHz frequency on the FM band used to be occupied by TVMobile. An audio simulcast of the TV channel was available until the station closed down on 31 December 2009.[40] It has since been occupied by Money FM 89.3 since 29 January 2018.
* The 99.5 MHz frequency on the FM band used to be occupied by Passion 99.5FM, a station set up by the National Arts Council in December 1997 that supported and played local music. The station closed down on 31 December 2003 due to the bad economic climate as there was insufficient sponsorship and advertising revenue to cover operating costs.[41] The frequency was then awarded to Mediacorp in May 2004 and the new station, Lush 99.5FM, was launched 9 months later.[42][43] The station ceased operations on 1 September 2017 as part of a rationalization of Mediacorp's network of radio stations.
* The 96.3 MHz frequency on the FM band used to be occupied by Expat Radio XFM 96.3 by Mediacorp. Formerly known as FM 96.3 - The International Channel, which was launched on 12 October 1998,[44] the new name reinforces the station's role in providing a variety of content for the expatriate communities in Singapore, while redefining the experience of feeling closer to home. The station ceased operations on 30 September 2016. It has since been occupied by 96.3 Hao FM since 8 January 2018. Meanwhile, the Bollywood belt Radio Masti continued as the first independent LIVE digital radio as RADIO MASTI 24x7 and can be tuned in from anywhere anytime across the globe by downloading the APP Radio Masti 24x7.
* The former Jurong Drive-in Cinema used to rely on their own radio station to transmit audio from their movies through their own radio station. Car drivers would tune in to the radio station to listen to the sound from the movies.

### DAB stations[edit]

Mediacorp used to operate "Digital Radio", a radio service using digital audio broadcasting technology which simulcast eight FM stations, namely Class 95FM, Gold 905FM, 987FM, YES 933, Love 97.2FM, Symphony 92.4FM, and 938LIVE and broadcast six digital-only stations, namely Cruise, Club Play, JK-Pop, Chinese Evergreens, Planet Bollywood and Bloomberg.

The service was discontinued on 1 December 2011 due to low adoption of DAB radio. The digital radio standard that was in use, namely DAB, offered lower sound quality compared to FM radio, due to poor performance of the MP2 audio codec at lower bitrates. Although these technical constraints were addressed in the 2nd version of DAB with the AAC+ audio codec, Singapore did not upgrade to the DAB+ standard, unlike the transition implemented for digital television. The prevalence of listening to Internet radio streams on computers and mobile devices has rendered DAB radio irrelevant.[45]

### Shortwave stations[edit]

Launched in 1994, Radio Singapore International (RSI) operated as the external service for Singapore. The station launched a signature program in 1996 called 'Friends of the Airwaves' reaching out throughout South-East Asia. The station featured programs in several languages, and was chiefly run by MediaCorp Radio. RSI ceased operation on 31 July 2008.[46]

### Internet Only Stations[edit]

Launched on 15 September 2020, VintageRadio.SG is a station for Seniors in Singapore to call their own. Day-parted by the four National languages and hosted by Brian Richmond (English), Patrick 郭贤华 (Chinese with Hokkien and Cantonese dialects), PN Bala (Tamil) and Rahimah Rahim (Malay), the station aims to provide Seniors with the impetus to bridge the digital divide and help improve the mental well-being of Seniors in Singapore through nostalgia. Other Senior relevant content is also produced and aggregated for the benefit of Seniors from information on Vascular Dementia prevention to Healthy Aging through continuous learning. VintageRadioSG also aims to bring about more awareness of the rising Silver Tide that Singapore is experiencing. VintageRadioSG is a registered CLG. As a not-for-profit SE, the channel does not receive any PSB funding and is dependent on commercials, sponsorship and donations to keep the lights on.

In September 2021, IndieGo, the spiritual successor to Lush 99.5FM which closed in 2017, was launched. Similar to its predecessor, IndieGo's music format focuses on local and alternative music. The station also features dayparts of various genres, such as soul/R&B, acoustic/folk, indie pop/electronica, rock, hip-hop.[47][48]

## See also[edit]

* Television in Singapore
* List of television stations in Southeast Asia
* Censorship in Singapore
* Communications in Singapore
* Media of Singapore

### Defunct companies[edit]

* SPH MediaWorks
* NTUC Media

### Existing companies[edit]

* Mediacorp
* SPH Media Trust
* StarHub TV
* Singtel TV
* Rediffusion

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "Broadcasting in Malaya". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. 2 December 1924. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
2. ^ "IMPERIAL WIRELESS". Malaya Tribune. 1 March 1922. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
3. ^ "THE WEEK'S NEWS". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly). 15 April 1925. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
4. ^ a b "Wireless in Malaya". The Straits Times. 8 April 1925. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
5. ^ a b "Wireless in Malaya". The Straits Times. 28 December 1925. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
6. ^ "LETTERS TO THE EDITOR". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly). 11 March 1925. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
7. ^ "Listening-In". The Straits Times. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
8. ^ "Singapore Broadcasting". The Straits Times. 25 June 1925. Retrieved 3 April 2021 - via NewspaperSG.
9. ^ a b Repa, Jan (25 October 2005). "Analysis: BBC's voice in Europe". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
10. ^ a b c "Historic moments from the 1930s". BBC World Service. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
11. ^ Transcribed from recording on World Service 75th Anniversary DVD; full extract transmitted as part of opening program – the Reith Global Debate – of the 'Free to Speak' 75th anniversary season
12. ^ Shacklady, Norman; Ellen, Martin (2003). ON AIR - A History of BBC Transmission. Wavechange Books. ISBN 9780954407711.
13. ^ Diary of a Nation (SBC 1988) - 4 January 1959: Radio Singapura
14. ^ Chia, Joshua Yeong Jia; Loh, Pei Ying. "Rediffusion". Singapore Infopedia.
15. ^ Freeman, B.C., & Ramakrishnan, Y. (2016). Singapore radio: Then & now. UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
16. ^ a b c d "Radio days". The Straits Times. 15 November 1990.
17. ^ a b c "TWO FM CHANNELS". The New Paper. 20 April 1990. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
18. ^ a b c d "Radio Heart faces tough airwaves". The New Paper. 12 January 1991. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
19. ^ a b "Crazy? Maybe, but maybe not". The Straits Times. 2 March 1991. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
20. ^ "'Voices From The Heart' buka rasmi stesen 'Jantung Hati'". Berita Harian. Singapore. 3 March 1991. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
21. ^ a b "New co-op to run NTUC radio station". The New Paper. 20 April 1990. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
22. ^ "Strong and steady waves". Business Times. 18 July 1991. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
23. ^ "Radio Heart transmission disrupted for 32 hours". The Straits Times. 18 July 1991. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
24. ^ a b "Radio Heart undergoes revamp to attract wider audience". The Straits Times. 30 October 1992. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
25. ^ a b "Radio Heart to set up studio at Takashimaya". The Straits Times. 7 May 1993. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
26. ^ "RADIO HEART IN TAKASHIMAYA". The Straits Times. 6 August 1993. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
27. ^ a b "Heart goes 'home' again". The Straits Times. 29 July 1994. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
28. ^ "Quests for S'pore songs". The Straits Times. 8 August 1993. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
29. ^ "Can't sleep at 3 am? Call the radio deeiay". The Straits Times. 14 May 1994. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
30. ^ "Have English radio stations here lost their identity?". The Straits Times. 14 November 1995. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
31. ^ "Wanted: More Indian, Malay programmes". The Straits Times. 22 October 1995. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
32. ^ a b c d "Now Radio Heart pumps it up to woo new listeners". The Straits Times. 2 January 1998. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
33. ^ Freeman, B.C., & Ramakrishnan, Y. (2012). Red dot on the dial: Singapore radio then & now. In J. Hendricks (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of global radio, pp. 299-319. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
34. ^ "MediaCorp: Radio". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
35. ^ "Digital radio from MediaCorp to cease". Channel NewsAsia. 1 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
36. ^ Effendy, Albert (31 December 1988). "Singapore's first 24-hours CHR/Pop and Top 40 youth teen". The New Paper. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
37. ^ 98.7 FM PERFECT 10 Singapore with 1989 countdown (FIRST DAY BROADCAST)
38. ^ "All MediaCorp Radio stations to run 24/7 from 1 Jan". Channel NewsAsia. Singapore.
39. ^ Toh, Christopher (20 April 2016). "Some radio milestones through the decades". Today. Singapore. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
40. ^ Freeman, B.C., & Ramakrishnan, Y. (2012). Red dot on the dial: Singapore radio then & now. In J. Hendrick's (Ed.) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Radio, pp. 299-319. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
41. ^ "Victoria Chorale - Passion 99.5 to shut down". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
42. ^ "MediaCorp Radio Awarded 99.5FM Frequency For New Radio Station" (Press release). Media Development Authority. 2004. Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
43. ^ "Singapore's Lush 99.5 FM Delivers 24-Hour Downtempo". properlychilled.com.
44. ^ "Launch of FM 96.3 - The International Channel". NAS. 12 October 1998. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
45. ^ "Digital radio from MediaCorp to cease". Channel NewsAsia. 1 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
46. ^ Freeman, B.C., & Ramakrishnan, Y. (2016). Singapore Radio: Then & Now. UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
47. ^ Introducing indiego: Could This Online Local Radio Station Be The New Lush 99.5FM?
48. ^ Mediacorp: Mediacorp Goes Indie with indiego – the Latest Offering from Singapore's Largest Digital Radio Network

## External links[edit]

* MediaCorp Singapore
* StarHub CableTV
* Rediffusion Singapore
* Media Development Authority
* The History of 40 years of Television in Singapore
* SPH corporate announcement of merger with MediaCorp
* SPH press release: "Channel i to close on 1 January 2005, Channel U and Channel 8 to have complementary programming"
* Singapore television discussion forum
* Remembering Rediffusion Singapore

* v
* t
* e

Mediacorp

Television|

* Suria
* Channel 5
* Channel U
* Channel 8
* Vasantham
* CNA

Radio|

* BBC World Service
* Ria 897
* Gold 905
* Symphony 924
* YES 933
* CNA938
* Warna 942
* Class 95
* Capital 958
* Oli 968
* Love 972
* 987

Artiste group|

* Mediacorp's Ah Jie
* 8 Dukes of Caldecott Hill
* Seven Princesses of Mediacorp
* HST
* 4567

Other|

* Digital
* 8 Days
* meWATCH
* Today
* Reebonz
* Singapore Media Academy

Defunct|

* Print
* LIME
* Manja
* Style:
* Radio
* XFM 96.3
* Lush 99.5FM
* Television
* Teletext
* Central
* Channel i
* Sportscity
* City TV
* TVMobile
* HD5
* MOBTV
* Okto
* Channel 8i
* Raintree Pictures
* xinmsn
* Nath Play

See also: Mass media in Singapore

* v
* t
* e

Radio stations in Singapore

By FM frequency|

* 88.9
* 89.7
* 90.5
* 92.4
* 93.3
* 93.8
* 94.2
* 95.0
* 95.8
* 96.8
* 97.2
* 98.7

By branding|

* BBC World Service
* Ria 897
* Gold 905
* Symphony 924
* YES 933
* CNA938
* Warna 942
* Class 95
* Capital 958
* Oli 968
* Love 972
* 987FM

Other|

* Rediffusion Singapore

See also: Radio in Singapore
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*[t]: Discuss this template
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