Raphael Rooms

Rooms in the Vatican painted by Raphael

Raphael Rooms

The Stanza della Segnatura

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Artist| Raphael
Location| Apostolic Palace, part of Vatican Museums, Rome
Coordinates| 41°54′13″N 12°27′23″E﻿ / ﻿41.903611°N 12.456389°E﻿ / 41.903611; 12.456389

The four Raphael Rooms (Italian: Stanze di Raffaello) form a suite of reception rooms in the Apostolic Palace, now part of the Vatican Museums, in Vatican City. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop. Together with Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes, they are the grand fresco sequences that mark the High Renaissance in Rome.

The Stanze, as they are commonly called, were originally intended as a suite of apartments for Pope Julius II. He commissioned Raphael, then a relatively young artist from Urbino, and his studio in 1508 or 1509 to redecorate the existing interiors of the rooms entirely. It was possibly Julius' intent to outshine the apartments of his predecessor (and rival) Pope Alexander VI, as the Stanze are directly above Alexander's Borgia Apartment. They are on the second floor, overlooking the south side of the Belvedere Courtyard.

Running from east to west, as a visitor would have entered the apartment, but not following the sequence in which the Stanze were frescoed, the rooms are the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"), the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"), the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura"), and the Stanza dell'Incendio del Borgo ("The Room of the Fire in the Borgo").

After the death of Julius in 1513, with two rooms frescoed, Pope Leo X continued the program. Following Raphael's death in 1520, his assistants Gianfrancesco Penni, Giulio Romano and Raffaellino del Colle finished the project with the frescoes in the Sala di Costantino.

## Scheme[edit]

The scheme of the works is as follows:

Room of the Signatura | Room of Heliodorus | Room of the Fire in the Borgo | Hall of Constantine

|
|
|

General view (I)
|  |  |
General view (II)
|  |  |
East wall
|  |  |
The School of Athens | The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple | Battle of Ostia | The Vision of the Cross
South wall
|  |  |
Cardinal and Theological Virtues | The Mass at Bolsena | The Fire in the Borgo | The Battle of the Milvian Bridge
West wall
|  |  |
Disputation of the Holy Sacrament | The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila | The Coronation of Charlemagne | The Baptism of Constantine
North wall
|  |  |
The Parnassus | Deliverance of Saint Peter | The Oath of Leo III | The Donation of Constantine
Ceiling
|  |  |

## Sala di Costantino[edit]

The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The room is dedicated to the victory of Christianity over paganism. Its frescoes represent this struggle from the life of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and are the work of Giulio Romano, Gianfrancesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle. Because they are not by the master himself, the frescos are less famous than works in the neighboring rooms. Continuing a long tradition of flattery, Raphael's assistants gave the features of the current pontiff, Clement VII, to Pope Sylvester in the paintings.

### The Vision of the Cross[edit]

Main article: The Vision of the Cross

The Vision of the Cross, 1520–1524

The fresco of The Vision of the Cross depicts the legendary story of a great cross appearing to Constantine as he marched to confront his rival Maxentius. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it.

### The Battle of Milvian Bridge[edit]

Main article: The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

The Battle of Milvian Bridge, 1520-1524

The Battle of Milvian Bridge shows the battle that took place on October 28, 312, following Constantine's vision.

### The Baptism of Constantine[edit]

Main article: The Baptism of Constantine

The Baptism of Constantine, 1517–1524

The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome. This follows the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis, rather than the alternate deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine. In The Baptism of Constantine, Pope Sylvester I has the physical features of Pope Clement VII (1523-1534), who ordered the completion of the Raphael Rooms. [1]

### The Donation of Constantine[edit]

Main article: The Donation of Constantine (painting)

The Donation of Constantine, 1520–1524

The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions.

## Stanza di Eliodoro[edit]

The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Painted between 1511 and 1514, it takes its name from one of the paintings. The theme of this private chamber – probably an audience room – was the heavenly protection granted by Christ to the Church.[2] The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. In the first two of these frescoes, Raphael flatteringly includes his patron, Pope Julius II, as participant or observer; the third, painted after Julius's death, includes a portrait of his successor, Leo X.

Raphael's style changed here from the Stanza della Segnatura. Instead of the static images of the Pope's library, he had dramatic narratives to portray, and his approach was to maximize the frescoes' expressive effects. He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension.

### The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple[edit]

Main article: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple

Raphael, The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, 1511–1513

In The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple Raphael illustrated the biblical episode from II Maccabees (3:21–28) about Heliodorus, who was sent to seize the treasure preserved in the Temple in Jerusalem, but was stopped when the prayer of the priest of the temple was answered by angels who flogged the intruder and an angelic rider who chased him from the temple. The composition is considerably more dramatic than Raphael's earlier frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. Although the focal point is the still figure of the priest at prayer, Heliodorus and the angels rush forward into space, threatening to spill out of the painting. At the left Julius II, carried by the Swiss Guard in a chair, witnesses the event. His inclusion here refers to his battles to prevent secular leaders from usurping papal territories.[3]

### The Mass at Bolsena[edit]

Main article: The Mass at Bolsena

Raphael, The Mass at Bolsena, 1512

The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. The cloth that was stained by the blood was held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto; Julius II had visited Orvieto and prayed over the relic in 1506.[4] The Pope is portrayed as a participant in the Mass and a witness to the miracle; he kneels to the right of the altar, with members of the Curia (also portraits) standing behind him. Raphael distinguishes the "real" thirteenth-century witnesses from those who are contemporaries of the pope by their degree of engagement in the event; the latter concentrate calmly on Julius kneeling at his devotions rather than responding to the miracle.

### The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila[edit]

Main article: The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila, 1514

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila depicts the storied parley between the Pope and the Hun conqueror, and includes the legendary images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the sky bearing swords. A fully developed drawing by Raphael indicates he planned to place the pope – portrayed with Julius's features – in the background; when Leo X became pope – and just happened to choose the name Leo – he must have encouraged the artist to bring the pope front and center and use his own portrait.[5]

### Deliverance of Saint Peter[edit]

Main article: Deliverance of Saint Peter

Raphael, Deliverance of Saint Peter, 1514

The Deliverance of Saint Peter shows, in three episodes, how Saint Peter was liberated from prison by an angel, as described in Acts 12. It symbolizes the power of the Vicar of Christ to escape human restraints. Julius II's titular church as cardinal, before he was elevated to the papacy, had been S. Pietro in Vincoli (St. Peter in Chains), so the painting is at once a general reference to the papacy and a specific reference to Julius.[6] The fresco is a study in light: natural moonlight, man-made torchlight, and God-provided angel light. It is the latter, of course, that outshines the others.

## Stanza della Segnatura[edit]

The Stanza della segnatura ("Room of the Signatura") was the first to be decorated by Raphael's frescoes. It was the study housing the library of Julius II, in which the Signatura of Grace tribunal was originally located. The artist's concept brings into harmony the spirits of Antiquity and Christianity and reflects the contents of the pope's library with themes of theology, philosophy, jurisprudence, and the poetic arts, represented in tondi above the lunettes of the walls. The theme of this room is worldly and spiritual wisdom and the harmony which Renaissance humanists perceived between Christian teaching and Greek philosophy. The theme of wisdom is appropriate as this room was the council chamber for the Apostolic Signatura, where most of the important papal documents were signed and sealed.

### Disputation of the Holy Sacrament[edit]

Main article: Disputation of the Holy Sacrament

Raphael, Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, 1509-1510

The first composition Raphael executed between 1509 and 1510[7] was the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, the traditional name for what is really an Adoration of the Sacrament. In the painting, Raphael created an image of the church, which is presented as spanning both heaven and earth.

### The Parnassus[edit]

Main article: The Parnassus

Raphael, The Parnassus, 1509-1511

Raphael completed the second composition between 1509 and 1511.[8] It represents The Parnassus, the dwelling place of the god Apollo and the Muses and the home of poetry, according to classical myth. In the fresco Apollo and the Muses are surrounded by poets from antiquity and Raphael's own time.

### The School of Athens[edit]

Main article: The School of Athens

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-1511

Between 1509 and 1511, Raphael also completed another work on the wall opposite the Disputa. This third painting,[9] entitled The School of Athens, represents the degrees of knowledge or the truth acquired through reason. The fresco's position as well as the philosophers' walk in direction of the Holy Sacrament on the opposite wall suggested the interpretation of the whole room as the movement from the classical philosophy to the true religion and from the pre-Christian world to Christianity.[10] It was meant to reside over the philosophical section of Pope Julius II's library. It is perhaps Raphael's most famous fresco.

### The Cardinal Virtues[edit]

Main article: Cardinal and Theological Virtues (Raphael)

Raphael, The Cardinal Virtues, 1511

The two scenes on the fourth wall, executed by the workshop, and the lunette above it, containing the Cardinal Virtues, were painted in 1511. The Cardinal Virtues allegorically presents the virtues of fortitude, prudence and temperance alongside charity, faith, and hope.

## Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo[edit]

The Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo was named for the Fire in the Borgo fresco which depicts Pope Leo IV making the sign of the cross to extinguish a raging fire in the Borgo district of Rome near the Vatican. This room was prepared as a music room for Julius' successor, Leo X. The frescos depict events from the lives of Popes Leo III and Leo IV. The other paintings in the room are The Oath of Leo III, The Coronation of Charlemagne by Leo III, and The Battle of Ostia. Though the Fire in the Borgo was based on Raphael's mature designs it was executed by his assistants, who painted the other three paintings without his guidance.

### The Oath of Leo III[edit]

Main article: The Oath of Leo III

The Oath of Leo III, 1516–1517

On December 23, 800 AD, Pope Leo III took an oath of purgation concerning charges brought against him by the nephews of his predecessor Pope Hadrian I. This event is shown in The Oath of Leo III.

### The Coronation of Charlemagne[edit]

Main article: The Coronation of Charlemagne

The Coronation of Charlemagne, 1516–1517

The Coronation of Charlemagne shows how Charlemagne was crowned Imperator Romanorum on Christmas Day, 800.

### Fire in the Borgo[edit]

Main article: The Fire in the Borgo

The Fire in the Borgo, 1514–1517

The Fire in the Borgo shows an event that is documented in the Liber Pontificalis: a fire that broke out in the Borgo in Rome in 847. According to the Catholic Church, Pope Leo IV contained the fire with his benediction.

### The Battle of Ostia[edit]

Main article: Battle of Ostia (Raphael's painting)

The Battle of Ostia, 1514–1515

The Battle of Ostia was inspired by the naval victory of Leo IV over the Saracens at Ostia in 849.

## See also[edit]

* Index of Vatican City-related articles
* List of paintings by Raphael

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ "Raphael | Stanze in the Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican | Podere Santa Pia, Holiday house in the south of Tuscany".
2. ^ Roger Jones and Nicholas Penny, Raphael, New Haven, 1983, 113; Ingrid D. Rowland, "The Vatican Stanze," in The Cambridge Companion to Raphael, ed. Marcia B. Hall, Cambridge, 2005, 111.
3. ^ Jones and Penny, 117; Rowland, 112.
4. ^ Jones and Penny, 117; John Pope-Hennessy, Raphael, London, 1970, 112; Rowland, 113.
5. ^ Jones & Penny, 118–121; Pope-Hennessy, 115.
6. ^ Jones & Penny, 118; Rowland,112–113.
7. ^ Raphael, Phaidon Publishers, 1948, p. 24.
8. ^ Raphael, Marcia B. Hall (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Raphael, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 195.
9. ^ Jones and Penny, p. 74: "The execution of the School of Athens ... probably followed that of the Parnassus."
10. ^ M. Smolizza, Rafael y el Amor. La Escuela de Atenas como protréptico a la filosofia, in Idea y Sentimiento. Itinerarios por el dibujo de Rafael a Cézanne, Barcelona, 2007, pp. 29–77

## Further reading[edit]

* Rijser, David. “Tradition and Originality in Raphael: The Stanza Della Segnatura, the Middle Ages and Local Traditions.” The Quest for an Appropriate Past in Literature, Art and Architecture, edited by Karl A.E. Enenkel and Konrad A. Ottenheym, vol. 60, Brill, LEIDEN; BOSTON, 2019, pp. 106–126. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvbqs5nk.11. Accessed 24 Mar. 2021.

## External links[edit]

* The Stanze of the Vatican - with virtual tour
* Visual Tour of the Raphael Rooms, with identifications of figures in frescoes
* Raphael Rooms' 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour
* The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome, a book from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Raphael Rooms (pp. 111–123)
* Media related to Raphael Rooms (Vatican Museums) at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Raphael

* List of paintings

Early works|

* Baronci Altarpiece (1500–1501)
* St. Sebastian (1501–1502)
* Resurrection of Christ (1499–1502)
* Mond Crucifixion (1502–1503)
* Madonna and Child with the Book (c. 1503)
* Solly Madonna (c. 1500–1504)
* Oddi Altar (1502–1504)
* Conestabile Madonna (c. 1502–1504)
* Portrait of a Man (c. 1503–1504)
* Vision of a Knight (1503–1504)
* The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)
* Diotallevi Madonna (c. 1504)
* Portrait of Perugino 1 (c. 1504)
* Colonna Altarpiece (c. 1503–1505)
* St George (c. 1503–1505)
* Three Graces (c. 1503–1505)
* St Michael (c. 1504–1505)

Florentine period|

* Christ Blessing (c. 1502–1504)
* Portrait of Pietro Bembo (c. 1504)
* Portrait of Elisabetta Gonzaga 2 (c. 1504–1505)
* Portrait of Emilia Pia da Montefeltro 2 (c. 1504–1505)
* Small Cowper Madonna (c. 1504–1505)
* Terranuova Madonna (c. 1504–1505)
* Madonna del Granduca (c. 1505)
* St George and the Dragon (c. 1505)
* Young Man with an Apple (c. 1505)
* Self-portrait (1504–1506)
* La donna gravida (1505–1506)
* Madonna del Cardellino (c. 1505–1506)
* Young Woman with Unicorn (c. 1505–1506)
* Madonna del Prato (1506)
* Madonna with Beardless St Joseph (c. 1506)
* Portrait of Agnolo Doni (c. 1506)
* Portrait of Guidobaldo da Montefeltro (c. 1506)
* Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. 1506)
* Ansidei Madonna (1505–1507)
* Madonna of the Pinks (c. 1506–1507)
* Bridgewater Madonna (c. 1507–1508)
* The Deposition (1507)
* Madonna of the Baldacchino (c. 1506–1508)
* La belle jardinière (1507–1508) (completed by Ridolfo Ghirlandaio)
* Canigiani Holy Family (c. 1507–1508)
* Colonna Madonna (c. 1507–1508)
* Portrait of a Young Woman (La Muta) (c. 1507–1508)
* Esterhazy Madonna (c. 1508)
* Niccolini-Cowper Madonna (1508)
* Tempi Madonna (1508)
* St Catherine of Alexandria (c. 1507–1509)

Roman period|

* Portrait of Tommaso Inghirami (c. 1509)
* Garvagh Madonna (c. 1509–1510)
* Portrait of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (c. 1509–1511)
* Portrait of a Cardinal (c. 1510–1511)
* Alba Madonna (c. 1511)
* Madonna of Loreto (c. 1511)
* The Prophet Isaiah (1511–1512)
* Madonna of Foligno (c. 1511–1512)
* Portrait of Pope Julius II (1511, 1512)
* Galatea (c. 1512)
* Madonna with the Fish (c. 1512–1514)
* Madonna della Seggiola (c. 1513–1514)
* Madonna of the Candelabra (c. 1513–1514)
* Sistine Madonna (c. 1513–1514)
* Madonna dell'Impannata (c. 1513–1514)
* Madonna della Tenda (c. 1513–1514)
* Portrait of a Young Man (c. 1513–1514)
* Sibyls (1514)
* Portrait of Bindo Altoviti (c. 1512–1515)
* Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–1515)
* Christ Falling on the Way to Calvary (c. 1514–1516)
* Creation of the World (1516)
* Portrait of Andrea Navagero and Agostino Beazzano (1516)
* Portrait of Cardinal Bibbiena (c. 1516)
* La velata (c. 1516)
* Visitation (c. 1517)
* Ecstasy of St Cecilia (c. 1514–1517)
* Madonna with the Blue Diadem (c. 1510–1518)
* The Holy Family of Francis I (1518)
* St. Michael Vanquishing Satan (1518)
* Ezekiel's Vision (c. 1518)
* Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola (with Giulio Romano) (c. 1518)
* St Margaret and the Dragon (c. 1518)
* La Fornarina (1518–1519)
* Small Holy Family (c. 1518–1519) (with Giulio Romano)
* Portrait of a Young Woman (c. 1518–1519) (with Giulio Romano)
* Transfiguration (1516–1520)
* Madonna de Bogota (c. 1517–1520)
* Portrait of Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals (c. 1518–1520)
* Madonna of the Rose (1518–1520)
* Self-Portrait with a Friend (1518–1520)

Raphael Rooms|

* The Parnassus (1509–1511)
* The School of Athens (1509–1511)
* Disputation of the Holy Sacrament (1510–1511)
* Cardinal and Theological Virtues (1511)
* The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple (1511–1512)
* The Mass at Bolsena (1512–1514)
* The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila (1513–1514)
* Deliverance of Saint Peter (1514)
* The Fire in the Borgo (c. 1514–1517) (executed by Giulio Romano)

Tapestry cartoons|

* Miraculous Draught of Fishes (1514–1516)
* Christ's Charge to Peter (1514–1516)
* Healing of the Lame Man (1514–1516)
* Death of Ananias (1514–1516)
* Stoning of St. Stephen (1514–1516)
* Conversion of the Proconsul (1514–1516)
* Sacrifice at Lystra (1514–1516)
* St Paul in Prison (1514–1516)
* St Paul Preaching in Athens (1514–1516)

Drawings|

* Lucretia (1500s)
* Adoration of the Shepherds (c. 1508)

Sculptures|

* Jonah (1520) (executed by Lorenzetto)
* Elijah (c. 1520–1524) (executed by Lorenzetto and Raffaello da Montelupo)

Buildings|

* Chigi Chapel (1507–1520) (continued by other architects)
* Palazzo Jacopo da Brescia (1515–1519)
* Palazzo Branconio dell'Aquila (c. 1520)
* Sant'Eligio degli Orefici (1509–1575) (completed by Baldassare Peruzzi and Bastiano da Sangallo)
* Villa Madama (1518–1525) (completed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and other disciples)
* Villa Farnesina (decoration)

Related|

* Giovanni Santi (father)
* Imperia Cognati (mistress and model)
* Margarita Luti (mistress and model)
* Giulio Romano (disciple and collaborator)
* Raphael and La Fornarina (1813 painting)
* Raphael (1894 opera)
* La Fornarina (1944 film)
* Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
* SS Raffaello
* Raphael (crater)
* Vatican loggias

* 1 Also attributed to Lorenzo di Credi
* 2 Attributed

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High Renaissance

Principal proponents|

* Donato Bramante
* Giorgione
* Michelangelo
* Raphael
* Titian
* Leonardo da Vinci

Other artists|

* Mariotto Albertinelli
* Pellegrino Aretusi
* Fra Bartolomeo
* Ludovico Beretta
* Moretto da Brescia
* Gasparo Cairano
* Giulio Clovio
* Antonio da Correggio
* Piero di Cosimo
* Bernardino delle Croci
* Girolamo Genga
* Lorenzo Lotto
* Maffeo Olivieri
* Baldassare Peruzzi
* Sebastiano del Piombo
* Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
* Andrea del Sarto
* Il Sodoma
* Tamagnino
* Palma Vecchio
* Antonio Vassilacchi

Major works|

* The Last Supper (c. 1492–1498)
* Pietà (1498–1499)
* San Pietro in Montorio (1500)
* David (1501–1504)
* Mona Lisa (c. 1502–1516)
* St. Peter's Basilica (1506–1513)
* Sistine Chapel ceiling (1508–1512)
* Raphael Rooms (1509–1524)
* Transfiguration (1516–1520)
* The Last Judgment (1536–1541)

Related|

* Art patronage of Julius II
* Jacob Burckhardt
* Johann Joachim Winckelmann
* Leonardeschi
* Giorgio Vasari
* The Lives

* v
* t
* e

Giulio Romano

Paintings|

* The Fire in the Borgo (c. 1514-1517) (original design by Raphael)
* Holy Family under an Oak Tree (c. 1518)
* Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola (c. 1518) (with Raphael)
* Portrait of a Young Woman (c. 1518–1519) (with Raphael)
* Small Holy Family (c. 1518-1519) (primarily by Raphael)
* La Perla (1518-1520)
* Deesis with Saint Paul and Saint Catherine (c. 1520)
* Woman with a Mirror (c. 1520)
* Madonna of the Cat (1522-1523)
* The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (1520-1524)
* The Lovers (1524-1525)
* Fall of the Giants (1532-1534)

Buildings|

* Villa Lante al Gianicolo (1520-1521)
* Palazzo del Te (1524-1534)

Related|

* Raphael (master and collaborator)
* Raphael Rooms
* Villa Madama

* v
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* e

Museums and art galleries in Rome

List of museums in Rome

National
museums|

* Galleria Borghese
* Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
* Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
* Galleria Spada
* MAXXI
* Museo Archeologico Ostiense
* Museo Nazionale Etrusco
* Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
* Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
* National Museum of Oriental Art
* Pigorini National Museum

| Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica|

* Palazzo Barberini
* Palazzo Corsini

|

Museo Nazionale Romano|

* Baths of Diocletian

Civic museums|

* Capitoline Museums
* Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
* Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
* Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
* Museo Civico di Zoologia
* Museo delle Mura
* Museo di Roma
* Museo di Roma in Trastevere
* Museum of Roman Civilization
* Museum of the Ara Pacis
* Ara Pacis

Other|

* Casa di Goethe
* Doria Pamphilj Gallery
* Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
* Jewish Museum of Rome
* Keats-Shelley Memorial House
* Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
* Museum of the Liberation of Rome
* Palazzo Colonna
* Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
* Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
* Venanzo Crocetti Museum

Vatican Museums|

* Modern Religious Art
* Museo Pio Cristiano
* Raphael Rooms
* Sistine Chapel
* Vatican Historical Museum

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Vatican City articles

* Index
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History|

* History of the papacy
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* Leonine City
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Geography|

| Major basilica|

| St. Peter's Basilica|

* Chair of Saint Peter
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* Pietà
* Vatican Necropolis
* Saint Peter's tomb
* Papal tombs
* Tomb of the Julii
* Vatican Grottoes
* Monument to the Royal Stuarts

|

Apostolic Palace|

* Redemptoris Mater Chapel
* Borgia Apartments
* Clementine Hall
* Papal apartments
* Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena
* Cappella Paolina
* Raphael Rooms
* Niccoline Chapel
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* Scala Regia
* Sistine Chapel
* altarpiece
* ceiling
* Room of Tears

Vatican Museums|

* Historical
* Paintings
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* Pio-Clementino
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* Pio Cristiano
* Ethnographic
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* Gregorian Tower
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* Domus Sanctae Marthae
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* Collegio Teutonico
* Teutonic Cemetery
* Mater Ecclesiae Monastery
* Sant'Egidio in Borgo
* Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri
* Paul VI Audience Hall
* The Resurrection
* Passetto di Borgo
* San Pellegrino in Vaticano
* St. Peter's Square
* Via della Conciliazione
* Fountains
* Porta San Pellegrino
* Ricciolo d'Italia
* Saint John's Tower
* Santo Stefano degli Abissini
* Vatican Pharmacy
* Vatican Hill

Politics|

* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Vicar General
* Law

* Crime
* Fundamental Law

Governance|

* Pope Francis
* Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin

Government|

* Roman Curia
* Apostolic Camera
* Commissions
* For Vatican City State
* Councils
* Congregations
* Dicasteries

Military|

* Corps of Gendarmerie
* Swiss Guard
* See also: Corps of Firefighters

Economy|

* Banking
* Vatican euro coins
* Communications
* .va [Internet domain]
* Poste Vaticane
* Postage stamps and postal history
* Secretariat for the Economy
* Tourism

Infrastructure|

* Transport
* Heliport
* Rail

Culture|

* Academy of Sciences
* AT telescope
* observatory
* Architecture
* Archives
* Apostolic Archive
* Climate Forest
* Demographics
* Languages
* Library
* film
* Music
* Sistine Chapel Choir
* Philatelic and Numismatic Office
* Public holidays

| Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Information Service
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican News App
* Vatican Publishing House
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Pope2you

|

Religion|

* Catholic Church

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Coat of arms
* Flag

Sports|

* Amateur Sports Association
* Cricket team
* National football team (Men)
* National football team (Women)
* Vatican Athletics

* Vatican City portal
* Catholicism portal

Portals:

* Painting
* Visual arts

Preceded by
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa | Landmarks of Rome
Raphael Rooms  | Succeeded by
Sistine Chapel ceiling

|
|

* v
* t
* e

Landmarks of Rome

Walls and gates|

* Aurelian Walls
* Ardeatina
* Asinaria
* Latina
* Maggiore
* Metronia
* Nomentana
* Pia
* Pinciana
* Popolo
* Portese
* San Pancrazio
* San Paolo
* San Giovanni
* San Sebastiano
* Settimiana
* Tiburtina
* Leonine Wall
* Cavalleggeri
* Pertusa
* Santo Spirito
* Castra Praetoria
* Janiculum Wall
* Terreus Wall
* Romuli Wall
* Servian Wall
* Caelimontana
* Capena
* Collina
* Dolabella
* Esquilina
* Fontinalis
* Gallienus
* Viminale
* Naevia
* Querquetulana
* Trigemina

Ancient obelisks|

* Lateran Obelisk
* Flaminian Obelisk
* Obelisk of Minerveo
* Obelisk of Montecitorio

Ancient Roman
landmarks|

| Triumphal arches|

* Arch of Constantine
* Arch of Dolabella
* Arch of Drusus
* Arch of Gallienus
* Arch of Janus
* Arch of Septimius Severus
* Arch of Titus
* Arcus Novus

|

Aqueducts|

* Aqua Appia
* Aqua Alexandrina
* Aqua Anio Vetus
* Aqua Anio Novus
* Aqua Claudia
* Aqua Julia
* Aqua Marcia
* Aqua Tepula

Sewers|

* Cloaca Maxima
* Cloaca Circi Maximi

Public baths|

* Baths of Agrippa
* Baths of Caracalla
* Baths of Diocletian
* Baths of Nero
* Baths of Trajan

Religious|

* Ara Pacis
* Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
* Temple of Apollo Palatinus
* Temple of Apollo Sosianus
* Temple of Hadrian
* Temple of Hercules Victor
* Temple of Janus
* Temple of Minerva Medica
* Temple of Portunus
* Temple of Saturn
* Temple of Vesta
* House of the Vestals
* Largo di Torre Argentina
* Lupercal
* Pantheon
* Porta Maggiore Basilica

Fora|

* Roman Forum
* Imperial fora
* Forum of Augustus
* Forum of Caesar
* Forum of Nerva
* Forum of Vespasian
* Trajan's Forum
* Forum Boarium
* Forum Holitorium

Civic|

* Basilica Argentaria
* Basilica Julia
* Basilica of Junius Bassus
* Basilica of Maxentius
* Basilica of Neptune
* Basilica Ulpia
* Comitium
* Curia Julia
* Portico Dii Consentes
* Porticus Octaviae
* Tabularium

Entertainment|

* Circus Maximus
* Circus of Maxentius
* Circus of Nero
* Colosseum
* Ludus Magnus
* Gardens of Maecenas
* Gardens of Sallust
* Stadium of Domitian
* Theatre of Marcellus
* Theatre of Pompey

Palaces and villae|

* Domus Augustana
* Domus Aurea
* Domus Transitoria
* Flavian Palace
* House of Augustus
* Palace of Domitian
* Villa Gordiani
* Villa of Livia
* Insula dell'Ara Coeli
* Villa of the Quintilii
* Villa of the sette bassi

Column monuments|

* Column of Antoninus Pius
* Column of Marcus Aurelius
* "Column of Phocas"
* Trajan's Column
* Five-Columns Monument

Commerce|

* Porticus Aemilia
* Trajan's Market

Tombs|

* Casal Rotondo
* Catacombs of Domitilla
* Catacombs of Rome
* Catacombs of San Sebastiano
* Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
* Mausoleum of Augustus
* Mausoleum of Helena
* Mausoleum of Maxentius
* Pyramid of Cestius
* Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
* Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
* Tomb of the Haterii
* Tomb of the Scipios
* Tombs of Via Latina
* Tomb of Priscilla
* Vigna Randanini

Bridges|

* Pons Cestius
* Pons Fabricius
* Ponte Milvio
* Ponte Sant'Angelo

Roman Catholic
Basilicas|

* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Basilica of Saint Mary Major
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
* Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
* S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
* S. Agnese fuori le mura
* S. Agostino
* S. Anastasia al Palatino
* S. Andrea delle Fratte
* S. Andrea della Valle
* S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
* S. Apollinare alle Terme
* Ss. Apostoli
* S. Balbina
* S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
* Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
* S. Camillo de Lellis
* S. Carlo al Corso
* S. Cecilia in Trastevere
* Ss. Celso e Giuliano
* S. Clemente
* Ss. Cosma e Damiano
* S. Crisogono
* S. Croce in Via Flaminia
* S. Croce in Gerusalemme
* S. Eugenio
* S. Eustachio
* S. Francesca Romana
* S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
* S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
* Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
* S. Lorenzo in Damaso
* S. Lorenzo in Lucina
* S. Maria Ausiliatrice
* S. Marco
* S. Maria degli Angeli
* S. Maria in Montesanto
* S. Maria in Cosmedin
* S. Maria in Domnica
* S. Maria in Aracoeli
* S. Maria del Popolo
* S. Maria sopra Minerva
* S. Maria in Trastevere
* S. Maria in Via
* S. Maria in Via Lata
* S. Maria della Vittoria
* S. Martino ai Monti
* Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
* S. Nicola in Carcere
* S. Pancrazio
* Pantheon
* S. Pietro in Vincoli
* S. Prassede
* S. Pudenziana
* Ss. Quattro Coronati
* S. Saba
* S. Sabina
* Sacro Cuore di Maria
* Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
* Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio
* S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
* S. Silvestro in Capite
* S. Sisto Vecchio
* S. Sofia a Via Boccea
* S. Stefano Rotondo
* S. Teresa
* S. Vitale

Other churches|

* List of churches in Rome

Castles and palaces|

* Arx
* Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
* Castel Sant'Angelo
* Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
* Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
* Palazzo Barberini
* Palazzo Borghese
* Palazzo della Cancelleria
* Palazzo Chigi
* Palazzo Colonna
* Palazzo della Consulta
* Palazzo Farnese
* Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
* Palazzo Giustinani
* Lateran Palace
* Palazzo Madama
* Palazzo Malta
* Palazzo di Giustizia
* Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
* Palazzo Mattei
* Palazzo del Quirinale
* Palazzo Pamphilj
* Palazzo Poli
* Palazzo Riario
* Palazzo Ruspoli
* Palazzo Spada
* Palazzo Valentini
* Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
* Palazzo del Viminale
* Palazzo Wedekind
* Palazzo Zuccari
* Villa Farnesina
* Villa Giulia
* Villa Madama

Fountains|

* Api
* Acqua Felice
* Acqua Paola
* Babuino
* Barcaccia
* Il Facchino
* Marforio
* Moro
* Nasone
* Navicella
* Neptune
* Nettuno
* del Pantheon
* Pianto
* di Piazza d'Aracoeli
* di Piazza Colonna
* di Piazza Farnese
* della Piazza dei Quiriti
* di Piazza Nicosia
* in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
* di Ponte Sisto
* Quattro Fiumi
* Quattro Fontane
* Tartarughe
* Trevi Fountain
* Tritons
* Tritone

Other landmarks|

* Altare della Patria (Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy)
* Campo Verano
* Capocci Tower
* Column of the Immaculate Conception
* Conti Tower
* Hospital of the Holy Spirit
* Milizie Tower
* Sisto Bridge
* Spanish Steps

Squares, streets
and public spaces|

* Appian Way
* Campo de' Fiori
* Clivus Capitolinus
* Piazza Colonna
* Piazza d'Aracoeli
* Piazza del Popolo
* Piazza della Minerva
* Piazza della Repubblica
* Piazza Farnese
* Piazza Navona
* Piazza San Pietro
* Piazza di Spagna
* Piazza Venezia
* Via dei Coronari
* Via del Corso
* Via della Conciliazione
* Via dei Fori Imperiali
* Via Sacra
* Via Veneto

Parks, gardens
and zoos|

* Bioparco
* Villa Ada
* Villa Borghese gardens
* Villa Doria Pamphili
* Villa Medici
* Villa Torlonia
* Parco degli Acquedotti

Museums and
art galleries|

* Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
* Capitoline Museums
* Casa di Goethe
* Doria Pamphilj Gallery
* Galleria Borghese
* Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
* Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
* Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
* Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
* Galleria Spada
* Jewish Museum of Rome
* Keats–Shelley Memorial House
* MAXXI
* Museo Archeologico Ostiense
* Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
* Museo Civico di Zoologia
* Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
* Museo delle Mura
* Museo di Roma
* Museo di Roma in Trastevere
* Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
* Museo Nazionale Etrusco
* Museo Nazionale Romano
* Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
* Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
* Museum of Roman Civilization
* Museum of the Ara Pacis
* Museum of the Liberation of Rome
* National Museum of Oriental Art
* Palazzo Colonna
* Palazzo delle Esposizioni
* Pigorini National Museum
* Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
* Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
* Venanzo Crocetti Museum

Art|

* Apollo Belvedere
* Augustus of Prima Porta
* Colossus of Constantine
* La Bocca della Verità
* Laocoön and His Sons
* Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
* Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
* Pietà
* Portonaccio sarcophagus
* Raphael Rooms
* Sistine Chapel ceiling
* Velletri Sarcophagus

Landscape|

| Seven Hills|

* Aventine
* Caelian
* Capitoline
* Esquiline
* Palatine
* Quirinal
* Viminal

|

* Tiber Island
* Monte Testaccio

Metropolitan City
of Rome Capital|

* Appian Way Regional Park
* Capo di Bove
* Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
* Frascati
* Hadrian's Villa
* Ostia Antica
* Villa Aldobrandini
* Villa d'Este
* Villa Farnese

Events and traditions|

* Festa della Repubblica
* Rome Quadriennale
* Rome Film Festival

Enclave|

* Vatican City

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany

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