Staphylinoidea

Superfamily of beetles

Staphylinoidea

Temporal range: Rhaetian–Recent

PreꞒ

Devil's coach horse beetle, Ocypus olens (Staphylinidae)
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Arthropoda
Class:  | Insecta
Order:  | Coleoptera
Suborder:  | Polyphaga
Infraorder:  | Staphyliniformia
Superfamily:  | Staphylinoidea
Latreille, 1802
Some species of Hydraena (Hydraenidae) Ptenidium punctatum (Ptiliidae) Nicrophorus interruptus (Silphidae)

Wikispecies has information related to Staphylinoidea.

Staphylinoidea is a superfamily of beetles. It is a very large and diverse group with worldwide distribution.

## Description[edit]

Adult staphylinoids are generally small beetles no more than a few millimetres long, though Staphylinidae can reach 50 mm long and Silphidae can reach 45 mm.[1] The superfamily includes the smallest beetles (and the smallest of all non-parasitic insects) in family Ptiliidae. Most Ptiliidae do not exceed 1 mm long as adults, while the smallest species is just 325 µm long.[2]

Adults can be recognised by the hind wings having no accessory posterior ridge (locking device), no medial loop, no wedge cell and no apical hinge. The 8th segment of the abdomen is not entirely invaginated within the 7th. The head usually lacks a coronal suture (rarely with a short, rudimentary suture).[1]

Larval staphylinoids have 3-segmented (rarely 4-segmented) maxillary palps with distinct (often fused) galia and lacinia. The body usually has well-developed tergites and sternites. The spiracles are annular or annular-biforous. There are no epistomal lobes.[1]

## Systematics and evolution[edit]

Staphylinoidea contains the following subgroups:[3][4][5][6]

* Family Agyrtidae C.G. Thomson 1859 (primitive carrion beetles)
* Subfamily Agyrtinae Thomson, 1859
* Subfamily Necrophilinae Newton, 1997
* Subfamily Pterolomatinae Thomson, 1862
* Family Jacobsoniidae Heller, 1926
* Family Hydraenidae Mulsant 1844 (minute moss beetles)
* Subfamily Hydraeninae Mulsant, 1844
* Subfamily Ochthebiinae C. G. Thomson, 1860
* Subfamily Orchymontiinae Perkins, 1997
* Subfamily Prosthetopinae Perkins, 1994
* Family Leiodidae Fleming 1821 (round fungus beetles)
* Subfamily Camiarinae Jeannel, 1911
* Subfamily Catopocerinae Hatch, 1927
* Subfamily Cholevinae Kirby, 1837
* Subfamily Coloninae Horn, 1880
* Subfamily Leiodinae Fleming, 1821
* Subfamily Platypsyllinae Ritsema, 1869
* Family Ptiliidae Erichson 1845 (featherwing beetles)
* Subfamily Acrotrichinae Reitter, 1909
* Subfamily Cephaloplectinae Sharp, 1883
* Subfamily Nanosellinae Barber, 1924
* Subfamily Ptiliinae Erichson, 1845
* Family Silphidae Latreille 1807 (carrion beetles)
* Subfamily Nicrophorinae Kirby, 1837
* Subfamily Silphinae Latreille, 1806
* Family Staphylinidae Latreille 1802 (rove beetles)
* Subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821
* Subfamily Apateticinae Fauvel, 1895
* Subfamily Dasycerinae Reitter, 1887
* Subfamily Empelinae Newton and Thayer, 1992
* Subfamily Euaesthetinae Thomson, 1859
* Subfamily Glypholomatinae Jeannel, 1962
* Subfamily Habrocerinae Mulsant and Rey, 1876
* Subfamily Leptotyphlinae Fauvel, 1874
* Subfamily Megalopsidiinae Leng, 1920
* Subfamily Micropeplinae Leach, 1815
* Subfamily Microsilphinae Crowson, 1950
* Subfamily Neophoninae Fauvel, 1905
* Subfamily Olisthaerinae Thomson, 1858
* Subfamily Omaliinae MacLeay, 1825
* Subfamily Osoriinae Erichson, 1839
* Subfamily Oxyporinae Fleming, 1821
* Subfamily Oxytelinae Fleming, 1821
* Subfamily Paederinae Fleming, 1821
* Subfamily Phloeocharinae Erichson, 1839
* Subfamily Piestinae Erichson, 1839
* Subfamily Proteininae Erichson, 1839
* Subfamily Protopselaphinae Newton and Thayer, 1995
* Subfamily Pselaphinae Latreille, 1802
* Subfamily Pseudopsinae Ganglbauer, 1895
* Subfamily Scaphidiinae Latreille, 1806
* Subfamily Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815
* Subfamily Solieriinae Newton and Thayer, 1992
* Subfamily Staphylininae Latreille, 1802
* Subfamily Steninae MacLeay, 1825
* Subfamily Tachyporinae MacLeay, 1825
* Subfamily Trichophyinae Thomson, 1858
* Subfamily Trigonurinae Reiche, 1866
* † Subfamily Protactinae Heer, 1847

The unambiguous fossil record dates back to Triassic, and an early Mesozoic origin of the group is probable.[7]

## Phylogeny[edit]

A 2019 molecular phylogenetic study confirmed the monophyly of Ptilidae and found that it is sister group to Hydraenidae.[2]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Hansen, Michael (1997). Phylogeny and classification of the staphyliniform beetle families (Coleoptera) (PDF). Copenhagen: Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. ISBN 87-7304-286-2. OCLC 38156728.
2. ^ a b Polilov, Alexey A.; Ribera, Ignacio; Yavorskaya, Margarita I.; Cardoso, Anabela; Grebennikov, Vasily V.; Beutel, Rolf G. (2019). "The phylogeny of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea) – the smallest beetles and their evolutionary transformations". Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 77 (3): 433–455. doi:10.26049/ASP77-3-2019-4.
3. ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
4. ^ Beutel, R. G. and Leschen, R.A.B. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults. Systematic Entomology
5. ^ J. F. Lawrence and A. F. Newton, Jr. 1995. Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names). pp. 779-1006 In: J. Pakaluk & S. A. Slipinski (Eds.): Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Museum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa
6. ^ "Superfamily Staphylinoidea - Rove, Carrion and Fungus Beetles". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
7. ^ Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press

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Extant Coleoptera families

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Arthropoda
* Class: Insecta
* Subclass: Pterygota
* Infraclass: Neoptera
* Superorder: Holometabola

Suborder Archostemata

* Crowsoniellidae (Crowsoniella relicta)
* Cupedidae (reticulated beetles)
* Jurodidae (Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae)
* Micromalthidae (telephone-pole beetle)
* Ommatidae

Suborder Adephaga

| Extant families|

* Amphizoidae (trout-stream beetles)
* Aspidytidae
* Carabidae (ground beetles)
* Cicindelidae (tiger beetles)
* Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles)
* Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles)
* Haliplidae (crawling water beetles)
* Hygrobiidae
* Meruidae (Meru phyllisae)
* Noteridae (burrowing water beetles)
* Trachypachidae (false ground beetles)

|

Suborder Myxophaga

* Hydroscaphidae (skiff beetles)
* Lepiceridae
* Sphaeriusidae
* Torridincolidae

Suborder Polyphaga

| Bostrichiformia|

| Bostrichoidea|

* Bostrichidae (auger beetles)
* Dermestidae (skin beetles)
* Jacobsoniidae (Jacobson's beetles)
* Nosodendridae (wounded-tree beetles)
* Ptiniidae (furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)

|

Derodontoidea|

* Derodontidae (tooth-necked fungus beetles)

Cucujiformia|

| Chrysomeloidea|

* Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles)
* Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles)
* Disteniidae
* Megalopodidae
* Orsodacnidae
* Oxypeltidae
* Vesperidae

|

Cleroidea|

* Acanthocnemidae (Acanthocnemus nigricans)
* Biphyllidae (false skin beetles)
* Byturidae (fruitworm beetles)
* Chaetosomatidae
* Cleridae (checkered beetles)
* Lophocateridae
* Mauroniscidae
* Melyridae (soft-wing flower beetles)
* Metaxinidae (Metaxina ornata)
* Peltidae
* Phloiophilidae (Phloiophilus edwardsi)
* Phycosecidae
* Prionoceridae
* Protopeltidae
* Rentoniidae
* Rhadalidae
* Thanerocleridae
* Thymalidae
* Trogossitidae (bark-gnawing beetles)

Coccinelloidea|

* Akalyptoischiidae
* Alexiidae
* Anamorphidae
* Bothrideridae (dry bark beetles)
* Cerylonidae (minute bark beetles)
* Coccinellidae (lady beetles, or God's cows)
* Corylophidae (minute fungus beetles)
* Discolomatidae
* Endomychidae (handsome fungus beetles)
* Eupsilobiidae
* Euxestidae (well polished beetles)
* Latridiidae (minute brown scavenger beetles)
* Murmidiidae
* Mycetaeidae
* Teredidae

Cucujoidea|

* Agapythidae (Agapytho foveicollis)
* Boganiidae
* Cavognathidae
* Cryptophagidae (silken fungus beetles)
* Cucujidae (flat bark beetles)
* Cybocephalidae
* Cyclaxyridae
* Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles)
* Helotidae
* Hobartiidae
* Kateretidae (short-winged flower beetles)
* Laemophloeidae (lined flat bark beetles)
* Lamingtoniidae (Lamingtonium binnaberrense)
* Monotomidae (root-eating beetles)
* Myraboliidae
* Nitidulidae (sap beetles)
* Passandridae (parasitic flat bark beetles)
* Phalacridae (shining flower beetles)
* Phloeostichidae
* Priasilphidae
* Propalticidae
* Protocucujidae
* Silvanidae (silvanid flat bark beetles)
* Smicripidae (palmetto beetles)
* Sphindidae (dry-fungus beetles)
* Tasmosalpingidae

Curculionoidea
(weevils)|

* Anthribidae (fungus weevils)
* Attelabidae (leaf-rolling weevils)
* Belidae (primitive weevils)
* Brentidae (straight snout weevils, New York weevil)
* Caridae
* Curculionidae (true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)
* Nemonychidae (pine flower weevils)

Lymexyloidea|

* Lymexylidae (ship-timber beetles)

Tenebrionoidea|

* Aderidae (ant-like leaf beetles)
* Anthicidae (ant-like flower beetles)
* Archeocrypticidae (cryptic fungus beetles)
* Boridae (conifer bark beetles)
* Chalcodryidae
* Ciidae (minute tree-fungus beetles)
* Melandryidae (false darkling beetles)
* Meloidae (blister beetles)
* Mordellidae (tumbling flower beetles)
* Mycetophagidae (hairy fungus beetles)
* Mycteridae (palm and flower beetles)
* Oedemeridae (false blister beetle)
* Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae
* Prostomidae (jugular-horned beetles)
* Pterogeniidae
* Pyrochroidae (fire-coloured beetles)
* Pythidae (dead log bark beetles)
* Ripiphoridae (wedge-shaped beetles)
* Salpingidae (narrow-waisted bark beetles)
* Scraptiidae (false flower beetles)
* Stenotrachelidae (false longhorn beetles)
* Synchroidae (synchroa bark beetles)
* Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles)
* Tetratomidae (polypore fungus beetles)
* Trictenotomidae
* Ulodidae
* Zopheridae (ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)

Elateriformia|

| Buprestoidea|

* Buprestidae (jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)
* Schizopodidae

|

Byrrhoidea|

* Byrrhidae (pill beetles)
* Callirhipidae (cedar beetles)
* Chelonariidae (turtle beetles)
* Cneoglossidae
* Dryopidae (long-toed water beetles)
* Elmidae (riffle beetles)
* Eulichadidae (forest stream beetles)
* Heteroceridae (variegated mud-loving beetles)
* Limnichidae (minute mud beetles)
* Lutrochidae (travertine beetles)
* Psephenidae (water-penny beetles)
* Ptilodactylidae

Dascilloidea|

* Dascillidae (soft bodied plant beetles)
* Rhipiceridae (cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)

Elateroidea|

* Artematopodidae (soft-bodied plant beetles)
* Brachypsectridae (Texas beetles)
* Cantharidae (soldier beetles)
* Cerophytidae (rare click beetles)
* Elateridae (click beetles)
* Eucnemidae (false click beetles)
* Jurasaidae
* Lampyridae (fireflies)
* Lycidae (net-winged beetles)
* Omethidae (false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)
* Phengodidae (glowworm beetles)
* Rhagophthalmidae
* Sinopyrophoridae
* Throscidae (false metallic wood-boring beetles)

Rhinorhipoidea|

* Rhinorhipidae (Rhinorhipus tamborinensis)

Scirtoidea|

* Clambidae
* Decliniidae (Declinia relicta)
* Eucinetidae (plate-thigh beetles)
* Scirtidae

Scarabaeiformia|

| Scarabaeoidea|

* Belohinidae (Belohina inexpectata)
* Bolboceratidae
* Diphyllostomatidae (false stag beetles)
* Geotrupidae (dor beetles)
* Glaphyridae (bumble bee scarab beetles)
* Glaresidae (enigmatic scarab beetles)
* Hybosoridae (scavenger scarab beetles)
* Lucanidae (stag beetles)
* Ochodaeidae (sand-loving scarab beetles)
* Passalidae (betsy beetles)
* Pleocomidae (rain beetles)
* Scarabaeidae (scarabs)
* Trogidae (hide beetles)

|

Staphyliniformia|

| Histeroidea|

* Histeridae (clown beetles)
* Sphaeritidae (false clown beetles)
* Synteliidae

|

Hydrophiloidea|

* Epimetopidae
* Georissidae (minute mud-loving beetles)
* Helophoridae
* Hydrochidae
* Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles)
* Spercheidae

Staphylinoidea|

* Agyrtidae (primitive carrion beetles)
* Hydraenidae
* Leiodidae (round fungus beetles)
* Ptiliidae (feather-winged beetles)
* Silphidae (carrion beetles)
* Staphylinidae (rove beetles)

List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q132752
* Wikispecies: Staphylinoidea
* ADW: Staphylinoidea
* AFD: Staphylinoidea
* BugGuide: 40608
* CoL: SL
* EoL: 365
* Fauna Europaea: 11103
* Fauna Europaea (new): 73e14325-76d2-4fab-b216-1cee1548691f
* Fossilworks: 69274
* GBIF: 1583
* iNaturalist: 48311
* ITIS: 113264
* NBN: NHMSYS0001720142
* NCBI: 75543
* NZOR: 162156fd-0063-4f43-95f8-2d90af85adaf

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