Uttar Dinajpur district

District of West Bengal, India

This article is about a district in West Bengal. For the district in Bangladesh, see Dinajpur District, Bangladesh.

District in West Bengal, India

Uttar Dinajpur

District

From top-left: Durgapur Rajbari, Mohanta Masjid near Goyalpara, Pramateshwar Mahadeb Mondir, Kulik Bird Sanctuary, Pirpukur Dargah in Raiganj

Location of Uttar Dinajpur district in West Bengal

Coordinates: 25°37′N 88°07′E﻿ / ﻿25.62°N 88.12°E﻿ / 25.62; 88.12
Country|  India
State|  West Bengal
Division| Malda
Established| 1992; 32 years ago (1992)
Headquarters| Raiganj
Government

• Subdivisions| Raiganj Sadar, Islampur
• CD Blocks| Raiganj, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj, Itahar, Islampur, Chopra, Goalpokhar I, Goalpokhar II, Karandighi
• Lok Sabha constituencies| Raiganj
• Vidhan Sabha constituencies| Chopra, Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj, Raiganj, Itahar
Area

• Total| 3,140 km2 (1,210 sq mi)
Population

(2011)

• Total| 3,007,134
• Density| 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
• Urban

| 362,228
Demographics

• Literacy| 59.1 per cent
• Sex ratio| 939 ♂/♀
Languages

• Official| Bengali[1][2]
• Additional official| English[1]
Time zone| UTC+05:30 (IST)
Website| uttardinajpur.nic.in

Uttar Dinajpur (Bengali pronunciation: [ut̪ːor dinadʒpur]), also known as North Dinajpur, is a district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Created on 1 April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile West Dinajpur district, it comprises two subdivisions: Raiganj and Islampur.

## History

[edit]

Undivided Dinajpur district was part of the Pundra and Gauda Kingdom of ancient Bengal. The whole of Pundra was part of the Mauryan empire, and Jainism was spread in the region in the fourth century BCE. Their capital was at Pundrabardhan (now in Bangladesh), and two other ancient towns were Gourpur and Kotibarsha, now called Bangarh. Later multiple inscriptions show how the Guptas also controlled Pundra. After the reign of Gauda Kingdom, the district was then ruled by Pala Empire from 750 CE. The Senas overthrew the Palas in 1143. In 1204, Bakhtiyar Khilji defeated the Senas and had Bangarh as its capital. After his murder, it was controlled by various governors sent by the Delhi Sultan from Gauda. In 1586, Mughal Emperor Akbar conquered Bengal and Dinajpur was controlled by the sarkars of Tajpur and Panjara. In 1765, it fell under the rule of the East India Company and was ruled from Murshidabad. In the later part of the 18th century, the district was home to the Sanyasi-Fakir rebellion until the early 19th century. The district remained relatively peaceful all through the rest of the 1800s. In 1905, the people of Dinajpur district protested against the Partition of Bengal. They participated in the Freedom struggle by refusing to pay tax, doing hartals, and launching agitations. In 1947, Dinajpur district was split between India and Pakistan with West Dinajpur remaining with India. In 1992, West Dinajpur district was bifurcated to form Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur districts.[3]

## Geography

[edit]

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|

Uttar Dinajpur district lies between latitude 25°11' N to 26°49' N and longitude 87°49' E to 90°00' E occupying an area of 3,142 km2 (1,213 sq mi) enclosed by Panchagarh, Thakurgaon and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh on the east, Kishanganj, Purnia and Katihar districts of Bihar on the west, Darjeeling district and Jalpaiguri district on the north and Malda district and Dakshin Dinajpur district on the south. Uttar Dinajpur is well connected with the rest of the state through National Highways, State Highways and Railways. NH-27 and NH-12 pass through the heart of the district.

The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards which the main rivers like Kulik, Nagar, Mahananda. The District forms a part of the basin lying between Rajmahal hills on the east. The older alluvium is estimated to be Pleistocene age. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. The soil is very rich in nature due to the alluvial deposition which helps to grow Paddy, Jute, Mesta and Sugarcane etc. Raiganj on the banks of the River Kulik is the District Headquarters where the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, the second largest bird sanctuary in Asia, is situated. In Uttar Dinajpur district, there are two sub-divisions, Raiganj and Islampur, 110 km (68 mi) apart from each other. There are four municipalities, nine blocks and 99 Panchayats covering 1577 villages.

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1901| 401,121| —
1911| 428,300| +0.66%
1921| 376,366| −1.28%
1931| 403,576| +0.70%
1941| 451,684| +1.13%
1951| 528,607| +1.59%
1961| 760,199| +3.70%
1971| 1,087,269| +3.64%
1981| 1,415,653| +2.67%
1991| 1,897,045| +2.97%
2001| 2,441,794| +2.56%
2011| 3,007,134| +2.10%
source:[4]

According to the 2011 census Uttar Dinajpur district has a population of 3,007,134,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Albania[5] or the US state of Mississippi.[6] This gives it a ranking of 124th in India (out of a total of 640).[3] The district has a population density of 956 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,480/sq mi) .[3] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.9%.[3] Uttar Dinajpur has a sex ratio of 936 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 59.1%. 12.05% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 26.87% and 5.41% of the population respectively.[3][7]

### Religion

[edit]

Religion in Uttar Dinajpur district (2011)[8]

|  | Percent
Islam |

| 49.92%
Hinduism |

| 49.31%
Christianity |

| 0.56%
Others |

| 0.21%

Religion in present-day Uttar Dinajpur district  Religion  | Population (1941)[9]: 88–91 [10]: 106 | Percentage (1941)  | Population (2011)[8] | Percentage (2011)

|
|
|
|

Islam | 266,415  | 53.61%  | 1,501,170  | 49.92%
Hinduism | 200,051  | 40.25%  | 1,482,943  | 49.31%
Tribal religion  | 29,763  | 5.99%  | 1,622  | 0.05%
Others [a] | 740  | 0.15%  | 21,399  | 0.72%
Total Population | 496,969 | 100% | 3,007,134 | 100%

### Language

[edit]

Languages of Uttar Dinajpur district (2011).[11]

Bengali (68.06%)

Surjapuri (13.22%)

Urdu (9.48%)

Santali (3.77%)

Hindi (3.76%)

Rajbongshi (1.03%)

Others (0.62%)

According to the 2011 census, 68.06% of the population spoke Bengali, 13.22% Surjapuri, 9.48% Urdu, 3.77% Santali, 3.76% Hindi and 1.03% Rajbongshi as their first language.[11][12]

Bengali is the main language but a sizeable number of Urdu, Hindi and Maithili speaking people live in Islampur sub-division. It is one of the most backward districts of India educationally and economically owing to state neglect. The Bengali dialects spoken in the district are Varendri and Shershabadia.

## Divisions

[edit]

### Sub-divisions

[edit]

Uttar Dinajpur District comprises two subdivisions:

* Raiganj Sub-Division and
* Islampur Sub-Division

### Assembly constituencies

[edit]

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into nine assembly constituencies:[13]

S No.  | Name  | Lok Sabha constituency  | MLA  | Party

|
|
|
|

28  | Chopra | Darjeeling | Hamidul Rahman |  | All India Trinamool Congress
29  | Islampur | Raiganj | Abdul Karim Chowdhury |  | All India Trinamool Congress
30  | Goalpokhar | Md. Ghulam Rabbani |  | All India Trinamool Congress
31  | Chakulia | Minhajul Arfin Azad  |  | All India Trinamool Congress
32  | Karandighi | Goutam Paul  |  | All India Trinamool Congress
33  | Hemtabad (SC) | Satyajit Barman  |  | All India Trinamool Congress
34  | Kaliaganj (SC) | Soumen Roy |  | Bharatiya Janata Party
35  | Raiganj | Vac­ant |  | Vacant
36  | Itahar | Balurghat | Mosaraf Hussen |  | All India Trinamool Congress

Hemtabad and Kaliaganj constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with six assembly constituencies from Darjeeling district, Chopra constituency forms the Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency). Islampur, Goalpokhar, Chakulia, Karandighi, Hemtabad, Kaliaganj and Raiganj constituencies forms the Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency). Along with six assembly constituencies from South Dinajpur district, Itahar forms the Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency).

### Villages

[edit]

* Baroduary

## Economy

[edit]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Uttar Dinajpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[14] It is one of the eleven districts in West Bengal currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[14] but now Dalkhola the main commercial, business town with well-connected railway and roadways, increasing the economy of Dalkhola and Uttar Dinajpur District. Other important urban regions include Raiganj, Islampur and Kaliaganj.

## Tourism

[edit]

In 1985, Uttar Dinajpur district became home to the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 1.3 km2 (0.5 sq mi).[15]

Other tourist places include:

* Swaminath Temple at Swaminath
* Rajbari at Rajbari Gate
* Shiv Mandir at Itahar
* Danhasori Pithasthal at Chandigram
* Shree Shree Ma Bhabani Devi Than at Bouaha
* Shidhi binayak Mandir at, Maharaja Hat

## Transport

[edit]

Major railway stations are Raiganj(RGJ), Radhikapur (RDP), Kaliyagunj, Dalkolha and Aluabari Road Jn (Islampur). Dalkolha is most important stoppage of long-distance train.[citation needed] NH 27 and NH 12 are two National Highways in this District.[citation needed] Radhikapur-Kolkata (RDP-KOAA) Express train and Radhikapur-Howrah Kulik Express (RDP-HWH) are the two direct train for Raiganj to South Bengal Communication. Although RDP-SGUJ DEMU is the only direct train for Raiganj to North Bengal Communication. NBSTC, SBSTC are transport corporations serving the area.[citation needed] Siliguri More is that point zone which connect four district zone North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, North Bengal and South Bengal through High Ways.

## Education

[edit]

As of 2012, there were 3282 schools in the Uttar Dinajpur district. 3100 of these are in rural areas, and 182 urban.[16]

There is Raiganj University in Uttar Dinajpur situated at Raiganj.

Others general degree and diploma colleges are here also.

Some notable colleges such as:

* Chopra Kamala Paul Smriti Mahavidyalaya
* Dr. Meghnad Saha College
* Islampur College
* Islampur Government Polytechnic
* Kaliyaganj College
* Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital
* Raiganj Polytechnic
* Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya
* Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya

## Notable people

[edit]

* Abdul Karim Chowdhury \- politician
* Mosaraf Hussen \- politician
* Krishna Kalyani \- politician, industrialist
* Md. Ghulam Rabbani \- politician
* Hamidul Rahman \- politician
* Soumen Roy \- politician
* Tapan Deb Singha \- politician

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
2. ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
3. ^ a b c d e f g "District Census Handbook: Uttar Dinajpur" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
4. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
5. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. "Albania 2,994,667 July 2011 est."
6. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. "Mississippi 2,967,297"
7. ^ Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (15 February 2012). The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. ISBN 9781118257265.
8. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
9. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
10. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VII BIHAR PROVINCE" (PDF).
11. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
12. ^ "DISTRIBUTION OF THE 22 SCHEDULED LANGUAGES-INDIA/STATES/UNION TERRITORIES - 2011 CENSUS" (PDF).
13. ^ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
14. ^ a b Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
15. ^ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: West Bengal". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
16. ^ "List of Schools in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal". All India Facts. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Uttar Dinajpur district.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for  Raiganj.

* Official Website
* Uttar-Dinajpur.com

Places adjacent to Uttar Dinajpur district

| Kishanganj district, Bihar | Darjeeling district |

|
|

|  |
Katihar district, Bihar |

Uttar Dinajpur district

| Bangladesh
|  |
| Malda district | South Dinajpur district

* v
* t
* e

Dalkhola topics

General|

* North Bengal
* North Dinajpur

Railway station|

Dalkolha

Locations
ward|

* Farsara

Municipality|

* Dalkhola

Rivers|

* Kankai River
* Mahananda River

Transport|

* NH 31
* NH 34

Lok Sabha constituencies|

* Raiganj

Vidhan Sabha constituencies|

* Karandighi

See also|

* Cities and towns in Uttar Dinajpur district

Nearest towns|

* Siliguri
* Purnia
* Katihar
* Kishanganj

Education|

* Dalkhola High School
* Shree Agrasen Mahavidyalaya(Dalkhola college)

Surrounding areas outside Dalkhola|

* Bihar Cities and towns in Purnia division
* Purnia division topics

* v
* t
* e

Cities, towns and locations in Uttar Dinajpur district, Malda division

Cities, towns and locations in Purnia division, Bihar Cities, towns and locations in Darjeeling district Panchagarh District, Bangladesh
Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh Cities, towns and locations in Dakshin Dinajpur district Cities, towns and locations in Malda district

Cities, municipal
and census towns|

| Raiganj subdivision|

* Itahar
* Kaliaganj
* Kasba
* Nachhratpur Katabari
* Raiganj

|

Islampur subdivision|

* Chopra
* Dalkhola
* Hanskunda
* Islampur

Divisions of West Bengal

Locations
other than cities and towns|

| Raiganj subdivision|

* Hemtabad
* Radhikapur

|

Islampur subdivision|

* Chakulia
* Goalpokhar
* Karandighi

Neighbourhoods in Uttar Dinajpur|

* Farsara

Related topics|

* Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary

* Uttar Dinajpur topics
* Villages in Uttar Dinajpur district
* India portal

* v
* t
* e

State of West Bengal

Capital: Kolkata

State symbols|

* Emblem: Emblem of West Bengal
* Anthem: Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
* Animal: Fishing cat
* Bird: White-throated kingfisher
* Flower: Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
* Tree: Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
* Fish: Ilish

History|

* Gauda Kingdom
* Shashanka
* Pala Empire
* Sena dynasty
* Mallabhum kingdom
* Cooch Behar State
* Sher Shah Suri
* Mughal Empire
* Nawabs of Bengal
* East India Company
* Battle of Plassey
* Bengal Presidency
* Great Bengal famine of 1770
* Indian Rebellion of 1857
* Bengal Renaissance
* Bardhaman Raj
* Nadia Raj
* Jhargram Raj
* Sovabazar Raj
* Partition of Bengal (1905)
* Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
* Anushilan Samiti
* Jugantar
* Bengal famine of 1943
* Direct Action Day
* Noakhali riots
* Partition of Bengal (1947)
* Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
* Bangladesh Liberation War
* Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

Geography|

* Bengal Basin
* Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
* Terai
* North Bengal plains
* Dooars
* Rarh region
* Sundarbans
* Western plateau and high lands
* Ganges Delta
* Climate
* Sandakphu (Highest point)
* Protected areas of West Bengal
* Rivers of West Bengal
* Ganga
* Damodar River
* Brahmaputra River
* Teesta River
* Hooghly River
* Khoai
* Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
* Siliguri Corridor

Governance|

* Chief Ministers
* Governor
* Legislative Assembly
* Human Rights Commission
* Political parties (All India Trinamool Congress
* Communist Party (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress
* Bharatiya Janata Party)
* Parliamentary constituencies
* Assembly constituencies
* CID West Bengal
* Kolkata Police

Rights groups|

* Matua Mahasangha
* Bangla Pokkho

Divisions and
districts|

| Burdwan division|

* Birbhum
* Hooghly
* Paschim Bardhaman
* Purba Bardhaman

|

Jalpaiguri division|

* Alipurduar
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Jalpaiguri
* Kalimpong

Malda division|

* Dakshin Dinajpur
* Berhampore (declared)
* Malda
* Murshidabad
* Uttar Dinajpur

Medinipur division|

* Bankura
* Bishnupur (declared)
* Jhargram
* Paschim Medinipur
* Purba Medinipur
* Purulia

Presidency division|

* Basirhat (declared)
* Howrah
* Ichamati (declared)
* Kolkata
* Nadia
* North 24 Parganas
* Ranaghat (declared)
* Sundarbans (declared)
* South 24 Parganas

Cities and
towns|

* Alipore
* Asansol
* Berhampore
* Balurghat
* Bankura
* Barasat
* Bardhaman
* Bishnupur
* Hugli-Chuchura
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Durgapur
* Haldia
* Howrah
* Jalpaiguri
* Jaynagar Majilpur
* Jiaganj Azimganj
* Kalimpong
* Kharagpur
* Kolkata
* Krishnanagar
* Kurseong
* Malda
* Midnapore
* Murshidabad
* Purulia
* Raiganj
* Siliguri
* Siuri
* Tamluk
* List of cities in West Bengal by population
* Cities and towns by district

Culture|

* Bengal Renaissance
* Bengali calendars
* Patachitra
* Chalchitra
* Arts of West Bengal
* Baul
* Bhadu
* Gombhira
* Chhau dance
* Cuisine
* Rabindra Sangeet
* Rabindra Nritya Natya
* Holi
* Dol Purnima
* Prostitution in Kolkata
* Pohela Boishakh
* Durga Puja
* Bhai Dooj
* Raksha Bandhan
* Ratha Yatra
* Architecture of Bengal
* Bengal temples
* Bengali language
* Bengali literature
* Feluda
* Lalmohan Ganguly
* Professor Shonku
* Tarini Khuro
* Kakababu
* Kiriti Roy
* Pather Panchali (novel)
* Bengali cinema
* Jatra
* Ghosts in Bengali culture

GI products|

* Baluchari sari
* Banglar Rosogolla
* Banglar Muslin
* Bankura horse
* Bengal Patachitra
* Chhau mask
* Darjeeling tea
* Dhaniakhali Sari
* Dhokra
* Fazli (mango)
* Garad Saree
* Gobindobhog
* Himsagar
* Jaynagarer Moa
* Madurkathi
* Manasa chali
* Mihidana
* Nakshi kantha
* Santiniketan Leather Goods
* Shantipuri sari
* Sitabhog
* Sundarban Honey
* Tangail Saree
* Tulaipanji

Demographics|

* Bengali people
* Bihari people
* Economy of West Bengal
* Gurkha
* Adivasi
* Rajbanshi
* Anglo-Indian people
* Ethnic communities in Kolkata
* List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
* Discrimination against Bengalis in India

People|

* Rabindranath Tagore
* Satyajit Ray
* Kazi Nazrul Islam
* Anil Kumar Gain
* Ritwik Ghatak
* Subhas Chandra Bose
* Jamini Roy
* Bidhan Chandra Roy
* Jyoti Basu
* Nandalal Bose
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Meghnad Saha
* Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
* Sarat Chandra Bose
* Jnanadanandini Devi
* Abanindranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Dutta
* Raja Ram Mohan Roy
* Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
* Rani Rashmoni
* Ramakrishna
* Swami Vivekananda
* Sarada Devi
* Dwarkanath Tagore
* Sukumar Ray
* Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
* Michael Madhusudan Dutt
* Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
* Sister Nivedita
* Mother Teresa
* Amartya Sen
* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
* Nihar Ranjan Gupta

Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Minority Concentrated Districts in India

Andaman and Nicobar Islands|

* Nicobar

Arunachal Pradesh|

* Changlang
* East Kameng
* Lower Subansiri
* Papum Pare
* Tawang
* Tirap
* West Kameng

Assam|

* Barpeta
* Bongaigaon
* Cachar
* Darrang
* Dhubri
* Dima Hasao
* Goalpara
* Hailakandi
* Kamrup
* Karimganj
* Kokrajhar
* Morigaon
* Nagaon

Bihar|

* Araria
* Darbhanga
* Katihar
* Kishanganj
* Purnia
* Sitamarhi
* West Champaran

Delhi|

* North East Delhi

Haryana|

* Gurgaon
* Sirsa

Ladakh|

* Leh

Jharkhand|

* Gumla
* Pakur
* Ranchi
* Sahibganj

Karnataka|

* Bidar
* Kalaburagi

Kerala|

* Wayanad
* Malappuram

Madhya Pradesh|

* Bhopal

Maharashtra|

* Buldhana
* Hingoli
* Parbhani
* Washim

Manipur|

* Chandel
* Churachandpur
* Senapati
* Tamenglong
* Thoubal
* Ukhrul

Meghalaya|

* West Garo Hills

Mizoram|

* Lawngtlai
* Mamit

Odisha|

* Gajapati

Sikkim|

* North Sikkim

Uttar Pradesh|

* Amroha
* Baghpat
* Bahraich
* Balrampur
* Barabanki
* Bareilly
* Bijnor
* Budaun
* Bulandshahr
* Ghaziabad
* Kheri
* Lucknow
* Meerut
* Moradabad
* Muzaffarnagar
* Pilibhit
* Rampur
* Saharanpur
* Shahjahanpur
* Shrawasti
* Siddharthnagar

Uttarakhand|

* Haridwar
* Udham Singh Nagar

West Bengal|

* Bardhaman
* Birbhum
* Cooch Behar
* Dakshin Dinajpur
* Howrah
* Kolkata
* Maldah
* Murshidabad
* Nadia
* North 24 Parganas
* South 24 Parganas
* Uttar Dinajpur

Source: "List of 90 Minority Concentration Districts" (PDF). www.minorityaffairs.gov.in. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States

25°37′N 88°07′E﻿ / ﻿25.62°N 88.12°E﻿ / 25.62; 88.12
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