Yanchang County

County in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China

Yanchang

延长县

Yenchang

County

Yanchang in Yan'an

Yan'an in Shaanxi

Coordinates (Yanchang County government): 36°34′45″N 110°00′44″E﻿ / ﻿36.5793°N 110.0123°E﻿ / 36.5793; 110.0123
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Shaanxi
Prefecture-level city| Yan'an
Area

• Total| 2,368.7 km2 (914.6 sq mi)
Population

(2018)

| 158,000
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code|

717100

Yanchang County (simplified Chinese: 延长县; traditional Chinese: 延長縣; pinyin: Yáncháng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yan'an, in the northeast of Shaanxi Province, bordering Shanxi Province across the Yellow River to the east. It has a land area of 2,368.7 square kilometres (914.6 sq mi), and a population of 158,000.[1]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

Yanchang County consists of one subdistrict and seven towns.[1][2] These are then further divided into 159 administrative villages.[1]

### Qilicun Subdistrict

[edit]

Qilucun Subdistrict [zh] (七里村街道; Qīlǐcūn Jiēdào) is the county's sole subdistrict.[1][2] Qilicun Subdistrict host's the county's administrative offices.[2]

### Towns

[edit]

Yanchang County contains the following seven towns:[1][2]

* Heijiabao [zh] (黑家堡镇; Hēijiābǎo Zhèn)
* Zhengzhuang [zh] (郑庄镇; Zhèngzhuāng Zhèn)
* Zhangjiatan [zh] (张家滩镇; Zhāngjiātān Zhèn)
* Jiaokou [zh] (交口镇; Jiāokǒu Zhèn)
* Luozishan [zh] (罗子山镇; Luōzishān Zhèn)
* Leichi [zh] (雷赤镇; Léichì Zhèn)
* Angou [zh] (安沟镇; Āngōu Zhèn)

## Geography

[edit]

Located on the Loess Plateau,[2] the county's terrain is largely hilly, with a low point of 470.6 metres (1,544 ft) above sea level, and a high point of 1,383 metres (4,537 ft) above sea level.[1] The Yellow River passes through the county, as does the Yan River.[1] The county has a forest coverage of 23%.[1]

### Climate

[edit]

Yanchang County experiences distinctive seasons in regards to both temperature and precipitation.[1] The county has warm and wet summers, and cold and dry winters.[1] The county has an average annual temperature of 10.4 °C (50.7 °F), an average of 2504.6 hours of sunshine per year, and an average of 564 millimetres (22.2 in) of precipitation per year.[1]

Climate data for Yanchang, elevation 805 m (2,641 ft), (1981−2010 normals)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 15.4
(59.7)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 29.6
(85.3)  | 37.9
(100.2)  | 37.5
(99.5)  | 41.1
(106.0)  | 40.0
(104.0)  | 37.3
(99.1)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 32.1
(89.8)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 41.1
(106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 2.8
(37.0)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 13.4
(56.1)  | 21.4
(70.5)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 31.2
(88.2)  | 29.1
(84.4)  | 24.3
(75.7)  | 18.4
(65.1)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 4.2
(39.6)  | 18.3
(64.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −5.6
(21.9)  | −1.2
(29.8)  | 5.2
(41.4)  | 12.8
(55.0)  | 18.4
(65.1)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 17.0
(62.6)  | 10.3
(50.5)  | 2.6
(36.7)  | −3.9
(25.0)  | 10.4
(50.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −11.2
(11.8)  | −6.9
(19.6)  | −1.0
(30.2)  | 5.4
(41.7)  | 10.8
(51.4)  | 15.2
(59.4)  | 18.4
(65.1)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 12.0
(53.6)  | 5.0
(41.0)  | −2.7
(27.1)  | −9.1
(15.6)  | 4.4
(40.0)
Record low °C (°F)  | −22.3
(−8.1)  | −19.2
(−2.6)  | −15.0
(5.0)  | −7.0
(19.4)  | −0.3
(31.5)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 10.3
(50.5)  | 8.4
(47.1)  | 0.2
(32.4)  | −7.9
(17.8)  | −16.8
(1.8)  | −23.0
(−9.4)  | −23.0
(−9.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 3.4
(0.13)  | 5.3
(0.21)  | 16.2
(0.64)  | 25.2
(0.99)  | 41.0
(1.61)  | 61.2
(2.41)  | 95.7
(3.77)  | 109.3
(4.30)  | 72.1
(2.84)  | 34.6
(1.36)  | 13.9
(0.55)  | 2.9
(0.11)  | 480.8
(18.92)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.6  | 2.8  | 4.0  | 6.0  | 7.7  | 9.3  | 11.8  | 11.0  | 9.8  | 8.1  | 4.2  | 1.5  | 78.8
Average snowy days  | 3.8  | 3.4  | 1.5  | 0.3  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1.8  | 2.6  | 13.4
Average relative humidity (%)  | 57  | 54  | 53  | 48  | 53  | 59  | 69  | 75  | 76  | 73  | 65  | 60  | 62
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.4  | 183.7  | 212.5  | 234.6  | 255.5  | 233.1  | 223.1  | 209.0  | 172.6  | 178.5  | 179.4  | 188.3  | 2,462.7
Percent possible sunshine | 62  | 60  | 57  | 59  | 58  | 53  | 50  | 50  | 47  | 52  | 59  | 63  | 56
Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days, snow days, sunshine 1991–2020)[3][4]

## History

[edit]

Human activity in Yanchang County can be traced back thousands of years, and the first administrative district in the area arose in 266 AD.[1]

### Qingjian Uprising and Communist insurgency

[edit]

Communist activity in the area began in January 1927, when a Communist Party branch was set up at a high school in the county.[1] On October 14, 1927, party leaders Tang Shu [zh] and Xie Zichang [zh] lead an uprising called the Qingjian Uprising [zh], which had failed.[1] However, Communist Party activity in the region continued in subsequent years. In the spring of 1932, a communist uprising in the area occurred yet again, and the Communist Party organized militias afterwards.[1] On May 30, 1935, Communist troops successfully took control of the county.[1] Communist forces would retain control of the county during the rest of the Civil War, as well as during the Japanese Invasion of China.[1]

## Economy

[edit]

As of 2018, the county's GDP was 5.408 billion Yuan, an increase of 8.7% from the previous year.[1] Urban residents had an average disposable income of 34,170 Yuan, and rural residents had an average disposable income of 11,105 Yuan.[1]

### Agriculture

[edit]

The county's main agricultural products are apples, pears, and watermelons.[1]

### Mineral Resources

[edit]

The county has vast deposits, mainly of petroleum, coal, natural gas, and salt.[1][2]

#### Oil

[edit]

The county is home to China's first oil well,[1][2] which was constructed on June 5, 1907.[1] During Mao Zedong's rule, oil production in the county was encouraged.[1]

##### Wangjiachuan Petroleum Drilling Company

[edit]

In 1985, the county established its own oil company, called Wangjiachuan Petroleum Drilling Company.[1] The company was run by the county government, the first oil company in China to be structured as such.[1][5] The company dug its first well on May 29, 1985, and produced 1,005 tons of crude oil by the end of the year.[5] By the late 1990s, the company's output hovered at around 14,000 tons per year.[5] In 2000, the county government launched reforms meant to boost its productivity, and in 2005 the company had merged into the Yanchang Oilfield Company Ltd.[5]

##### Present-Day Situation

[edit]

After merging into Yanchang Oilfield, the county's oil production further expanded, achieving a stable annual output of approximately 250,000 tons from 2005 through 2010.[5] The county now has three oil production plants, which combine for an annual output in excess of 600,000 tons.[1]

#### Coal

[edit]

The county has coal reserves of 20.92 million tons.[1]

#### Natural Gas

[edit]

The county's natural gas reserves total 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) in area, and 100 billion cubic meters in volume.[5]

#### Salt

[edit]

The county's salt reserves total 4.838 billion tons.[1]

## Culture

[edit]

Like other regions of Shaanbei, the county has a rich tradition of paper cutting.[1] Major tourist sites include historic and archaeological sites, red tourism sites, as well as various natural sites, particularly mountains.[1]

## Transportation

[edit]

The county is served by a number of highways, such as Shaanxi Provincial Highway 201 and Shaanxi Provincial Highway 205.[1]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af 延长概况 [Yanchang Overview]. www.ycxc.gov.cn 延长县委宣传部 (in Chinese). Yanchang County People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
2. ^ a b c d e f g 延长县概况地图_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org (in Chinese (China)). XZQH.org. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
3. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
4. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
5. ^ a b c d e f 延长油田股份有限公司王家川采油厂实现稳产高产_资讯频道_凤凰网. ifeng.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2020-04-27.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yanchang County.

Look up Yanchang in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* Old Yanchang County Government website
* New Yanchang County Government website

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County-level divisions of Shaanxi Province

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Yan'an|

* Baota District
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