Central Plains Mandarin

Group of dialects of Mandarin Chinese

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Central Plains Mandarin

中原官话
Zhongyuan Guanhua
Region| Yellow River Plain

Native speakers

| (170 million cited 1982)[1]

Language family

Sino-Tibetan

* Sinitic
* Chinese
* Mandarin
* Central Plains Mandarin

Writing system

| Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3| –
ISO 639-6| `zgyu`

Linguist List

| `cmn-zho`
Glottolog| `huab1238` Central Plain Guanhua
`zhon1236` Zhongyuan
Linguasphere| `79-AAA-bf`

[image reference needed]

Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.[2]

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").

## Subdialects

[edit]

The distribution of core Central Plains Mandarin An example of a spoken discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by Gao Yaojie, a Chinese HIV doctor from Cao County, Shandong. An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by He Quangui, a Chinese gold miner from Xunyang County, Shaanxi. Note that in most varieties of Chinese, the written discourse is largely the equivalent of reading a text of Standard Beijing Mandarin in a non-Beijing phonology. An example of a written discourse of Central Plains Mandarin by a native of Tanghe County, Henan.

* Zheng-Kai (郑开) region: e.g. Kaifeng (开封) dialect, Zhengzhou (郑州) dialect
* Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛阳话)
* Nan-Lu (南阳) region: e.g. Nanyang (南阳) dialect
* Luo-Xiang (漯项) region: e.g. Zhumadian (驻马店) dialect
* Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商丘) dialect, Fuyang (阜阳) dialect
* Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信阳) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect
* Yan-He (兖菏) region: e.g. Jining (济宁) dialect
* Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐州话)
* Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (临汾) dialect, Wanrong (万荣) dialect
* Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (西安) dialect
* Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. Xining (西宁) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
* Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (天水) dialect, Dingxi (定西) dialect[3]
* Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘沟话) (influenced by Monguor)
* Nanjiang (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect
* Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia

## Phonology

[edit]

In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.

[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].[4]

| 布  | 跛  | 坡  | 朴

|
|
|
|

Middle Chinese Initial  | [p] | [p] | [pʰ] | [pʰ]
Pinyin  | bù  | bǒ  | pō  | pǔ
Standard Mandarin  | [pû] | [pwò] | [pʰwó] | [pʰù]
Central Plains Mandarin  | [p͜fu] | [p͜fo] | [p͜fʰo] | [p͜fʰu]

Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].

| 猪  | 初  | 书  | 熟

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|
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Middle Chinese Initial  | [ʈ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ]
Pinyin  | zhū  | chū  | shū  | shú
Standard Mandarin  | [ʈʂú] | [ʈʂʰú] | [ʂú] | [ʂǔ]
Central Plains Mandarin  | [p͜fu] | [p͜fu] | [fu] | [fu]

## See also

[edit]

* Zhongyuan culture
* Central Plains (China), also called "Zhongyuan"

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Gu 2009, p. 214.
2. ^ Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.
3. ^ Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". In Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1304\. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.
4. ^ Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.

### Sources

[edit]

* Chappell, Hilary (2002), "The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese", in Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.), Meaning and Universal Grammar, Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. v. 60, Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, ISBN 1588112659, ISSN 0165-7763, OCLC 752499720, retrieved 17 November 2014
* Gu, Yueguo (2009) [2006], "Chinese", in Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World (1st ed.), Oxford, England: Elsevier, ISBN 9780080877747, OCLC 264358379, retrieved 17 November 2014
* Chirkova, Ekaterina (2008), "Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond" (PDF), Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale (37), Paris: Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale: 3–42, ISSN 0153-3320, OCLC 793454655, retrieved 20 November 2014

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* t
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Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)|

* West Himalayish
* Tamangic
* Newaric
* Newar
* Baram–Thangmi
* Kiranti
* Dhimalish
* Dhimal
* Toto
* Lhokpu
* Lepcha

| Greater Magaric|

* Magaric
* Magar
* Kham
* Chepangic
* Chepang
* Bhujel
* Raji–Raute
* Dura–Tandrange

|

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)|

* Bodish
* Tibetic
* East Bodish
* Tshangla
* Basum
* Nam?
* Gongduk
* ʼOle
* Tani
* Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border|

* Karbi
* Kuki-Chin
* Mruic
* Mru
* Hkongso
* Pyu
* Taman

| "Naga"|

* Ao
* Angami–Pochuri
* Meitei
* Tangkhulic
* Zeme

|

Sal|

* Boro–Garo
* Konyak
* Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia|

* Sinitic
* Bai
* Tujia
* Nungish
* Karenic
* Gong
* Kathu
* Cai–Long
* Caijia
* Longjia
* Luren

| Burmo-Qiangic|

* Qiangic
* Gyalrongic
* Ersuic
* Naic
* Lolo-Burmese
* Mondzish
* Burmish
* Loloish

|

Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)|

* Hrusish
* Hruso
* Mijiic
* Kho-Bwa
* Puroik
* Miju–Meyor
* Songlin

| Greater Siangic|

* Siangic
* Koro
* Milang
* Idu–Taraon

|

Proposed groupings|

* Central Tibeto-Burman
* Kuki-Chin–Naga
* Macro-Bai
* Mahakiranti
* Rung
* Tibeto-Burman
* Tibeto-Kanauri

Proto-languages|

* Proto-Sino-Tibetan
* Proto-Tibeto-Burman
* Proto-Loloish
* Proto-Karenic
* Proto-Min
* Proto-Hakka

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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* e

Chinese language

Sinitic languages

Major groups|

| Mandarin|

| Northeastern|

* Changchun
* Harbin
* Shenyang
* Taz

|

Beijing|

* Beijing
* Taiwan

Jilu|

* Tianjin
* Jinan

Jiaoliao|

* Dalian
* Qingdao
* Weihai

Central Plains|

* Dongping
* Gangou
* Guanzhong
* Xi'an
* Luoyang
* Xuzhou
* Dungan
* Xinjiang

Southwestern|

* Sichuanese
* Chengdu–Chongqing
* Minjiang
* Leshan
* Renshou–Fushun
* Zigong
* Kunming
* Nanping
* Wuhan
* Gui–Liu
* Wuming

Jianghuai|

* Nanjing
* Nantong
* Nanping

Lanyin|

* Lanzhou dialect [zh]
* Urumqi dialect [zh]
* Xinjiang

Other|

* Junjiahua
* Qinjiang
* Gyami

Jin|

* Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
* Zhi–Yan

Wu|

| Taihu|

* Shanghai
* Suzhou
* Wuxi
* Changzhou
* Hangzhou (?)
* Shaoxing
* Ningbo
* Jinxiang
* Jiangyin
* Shadi

|

Taizhou Wu|

* Taizhou
* Tiantai

Oujiang|

* Wenzhou
* Rui'an
* Wencheng

Wuzhou|

* Jinhua

Chu–Qu|

* Quzhou
* Jiangshan
* Qingtian

Xuanzhou|

* Xuancheng

Hui|

* Ji-She [zh]
* Xiu-Yi [zh]
* Qi-De [zh]
* Yanzhou [zh]
* Jing-Zhan [zh]

Gan|

* Chang–Du
* Nanchang
* Yi–Liu
* Ying–Yi
* Da–Tong

Xiang|

* Changyi
* Changsha
* Loushao
* Shuangfeng
* Xiangxiang
* Wugang
* Ji–Xu
* Yong–Quan
* Qiyang

Min|

| Eastern|

| Houguan|

* Fuzhou
* Fuqing
* Changle
* Gutian
* Matsu

|

Fu–Ning|

* Ningde
* Fu'an

Other|

* Manjiang
* Zhongshan
* Longdu
* Nanlang

Southern|

| Hokkien|

* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Amoy
* Chawan
* Taiwan
* Philippine
* Pedan
* Penang
* Singapore
* Malaysian

|

Teochew|

* Swatow
* Haklau

Zhongshan|

* Sanxiang

Other|

* Zhenan
* Longyan

Other|

* Northern
* Jian'ou
* Jianyang
* Central
* Pu–Xian
* Shao–Jiang
* Leizhou
* Zhanjiang
* Hainan
* Wenchang
* Haikou
* Banqiao

Hakka|

* Meixian
* Wuhua
* Huizhou
* Tingzhou
* Changting
* Taiwanese
* Sixian
* Hailu
* Raoping

Yue|

| Yuehai|

* Guangzhou
* Hong Kong
* Malaysia
* Xiguan
* Jiujiang
* Shiqi
* Weitou
* Dapeng

|

Siyi|

* Taishan
* Xinhui

Other|

* Gao–Yang
* Goulou
* Wu–Hua
* Yong–Xun
* Luo–Guang
* Qin–Lian

Pinghua|

* Northern
* Tongdao
* Younian
* Southern
* Yongjiang
* Guandao
* Rongjiang

Unclassified|

* Shaozhou Tuhua
* Xiangnan Tuhua
* Badong Yao
* Danzhou
* Mai
* Shehua
* Waxiang
* Yeheni
* Huizhou
* Bai
* Cai-Long
* Caijia
* Longjia
* Luren
* Laobeizi

Standard
forms|

* Standard Chinese
* Sichuanese
* Taiwanese
* Philippine
* Malaysian
* Singaporean
* Standard
* Singdarin
* Cantonese
* Hokkien
* Hakka

Phonology|

* Historical
* Old
* Old National
* Cantonese
* Hokkien
* Northern Wu
* Mandarin
* Literary and colloquial readings

Grammar|

* Numerals
* Classifiers
* Honorifics
* Cantonese grammar
* Classical grammar

Idioms|

* Chengyu
* Xiehouyu

Input|

* Biaoxingma
* Boshiamy
* Cangjie
* Simplified
* CKC
* Dayi
* Pinyin
* Google
* Microsoft
* Sogou
* Stroke count
* Wubi (Wang Ma)
* ZhengMa

History|

* Old Chinese
* Eastern Han
* Middle Chinese
* Old Mandarin
* Middle Mandarin
* Proto-Min
* Proto-Hakka
* Ba–Shu
* Gan

Literary
forms|

| Official|

* Classical
* Adoption
* in Japan
* in Vietnam
* Vernacular

|

* Written Cantonese
* Written Dungan
* Written Hokkien
* Written Sichuanese

Scripts|

| Logographic|

| Script styles|

* Oracle bone
* Bronze
* Seal
* Clerical
* Semi-cursive
* Cursive

|

* Chinese characters
* Simplified
* Traditional
* Punctuation

Braille|

* Cantonese
* Mainland Chinese
* Taiwanese
* Two-cell

Phonetic|

* Cyrillization
* Dungan Cyrillic
* Romanization
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh
* Hanyu Pinyin
* MPS II
* Postal
* Tongyong Pinyin
* Wade–Giles
* EFEO
* Lessing-Othmer
* Yale
* Bopomofo
* Cantonese Bopomofo
* Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
* Taiwanese kana
* Taiwanese Hangul
* Xiao'erjing
* Nüshu

List of varieties of Chinese

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