Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)

Lower house of the legislature of Mexico

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Chamber of Deputies

Cámara de Diputados

LXVI Legislature
Type
Type|

Lower house

of the Congress of Mexico

Term limits

| Up to four consecutive terms; no limit to non-consecutive terms
History
Founded| 4 October 1824 (1824-10-04)
Leadership

President

Sergio Gutiérrez Luna (Morena)
since 7 October 2024

Structure
Seats| 500

Political groups

| Government (365)

*   Morena (253)
*   PVEM (62)
*   PT (49)
*   Independent (1)

Opposition (135)

*   PAN (71)
*   PRI (37)
*   MC (27)

Length of term

| 3 years
Elections

Voting system

| Parallel voting
300 seats elected by first-past-the-post
200 seats elected by proportional representation (largest remainder method)[1]

Last election

| 2 June 2024 (2024-06-02)

Next election

| 6 June 2027 (2027-06-06)
Meeting place
Chamber of Deputies
San Lázaro Legislative Building
Mexico City
Mexico
Website
web.diputados.gob.mx
Footnotes
Deputies information

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados, pronounced [ˈkamaɾa ðe ðipuˈtaðos]) is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral parliament of Mexico. The other chamber is the Senate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the Constitution.

## History

[edit]

A bicameral legislature, including the Chamber of Deputies, was established on 4 October 1824. A unicameral congress existed from 7 September 1857 to 13 November 1874.[2]

## Elections and qualifications

[edit]

### Qualifications

[edit]

Article 55 of the Mexican Constitution establishes the requirements to serve as a deputy.[3] To be eligible, a candidate must:

* Be a Mexican citizen by birth with full legal rights.
* Be at least 18 years old on election day.
* Be a resident of, or have lived in, the state they seek to represent for at least six months prior to the election.
* Not be on active military duty or hold a police command within 90 days before the election.
* Not be a minister of any religious faith.

The article also imposes restrictions on public officials seeking election:

* Governors and the Head of Government of Mexico City cannot be elected as deputies in their respective jurisdictions during their terms, even if they resign.
* Ministers of the Supreme Court, magistrates or secretaries of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary, members of the General, local, or district councils of the National Electoral Institute (INE), or senior executives within INE must resign at least three years before the election.
* State secretaries, federal and local magistrates and judges, as well as municipal presidents and mayors in Mexico City, must resign at least 90 days before the election to be eligible.
* Officials holding leadership positions in autonomous constitutional bodies, as well as Secretaries or Undersecretaries of State and heads of decentralized or deconcentrated federal agencies, must also resign at least 90 days before the election.

### Elections

[edit]

The Chamber of Deputies comprises one federal deputy (in Spanish: diputado federal) for approximately every 250,000 citizens. The Chamber has 500 members, elected using the parallel voting system.

Of the 500 deputies, 300 are elected by plurality from single-member districts, known as federal electoral districts, with each state having at least two districts, as stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of the Constitution.[4][5] The remaining 200 deputies are assigned through proportional representation across five multi-state, 40-seat electoral regions (circunscripciones), in accordance with Articles 53 and 54.[5][6] These seats, not tied to specific districts, are distributed to parties based on their share of the vote within each electoral region, serving as a counterbalance to district-based representation. Deputies are elected alongside substitutes, known as alternates, making special elections rare.

Article 59 of the Mexican Constitution allows deputies to be reelected for up to three consecutive terms, but only for the party under which they were originally elected—unless they resign from the party before the midpoint of their term.[7] From 1917 to 2015, a constitutional ban on immediate reelection required a complete renewal of the Chamber of Deputies at each election, making it one of the few legislative bodies in the world subject to complete renewal at each election.

Elections are held every three years. Congressional elections held midway through a six-year presidential term are referred to as midterm elections.

### Terms and reelection

[edit]

Deputies serve three-year terms, beginning on 1 September following an election, with swearing-in typically occurring two to three days prior. Before 1933, terms lasted two years.

## Governing bodies

[edit]

### Board of Directors

[edit]

President and Vice Presidents (seated at the top), Secretaries (seated below), Podium (center).

The Board of Directors oversees the sessions of the Chamber of Deputies, ensuring that debates, discussions, and votes comply with the Constitution and the law. It is elected during the constitutive session on August 29, three days before the start of the legislative term following an election. The Board consists of a President, four Vice Presidents, and seven Secretaries. The President of the Chamber of Deputies serves as the Chamber's highest authority and official representative, also assuming the role of President of the Congress of the Union during joint-sessions of the General Congress.[8]

According to Article 17 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States, each member of the Board is elected for a one-year term with the possibility of reelection. The Board is elected by a two-thirds majority, with candidates nominated by each parliamentary group.[9]

### Political Coordination Board

[edit]

The Political Coordination Board (JUCOPO) is the governing body responsible for facilitating political dialogue, negotiations, and consensus-building within the Chamber of Deputies, in accordance with Article 34 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States. It promotes agreements among parliamentary groups to streamline the legislative process, oversees political debates, formulates the legislative agenda, and negotiates proposals and initiatives. Additionally, it manages the Chamber’s budget, allocates resources to parliamentary groups, proposes the composition of committees, and participates in the appointment process for autonomous bodies.[10]

Article 31 states that the JUCOPO consists of the coordinators of each parliamentary group. The presidency is held for the full three-year term by the coordinator of the party with an absolute majority; if no party holds an absolute majority, the position rotates annually among the coordinators of the three largest parliamentary groups.[11]

### Parliamentary groups

[edit]

Article 27 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States states that a parliamentary group consists of deputies organized according to their party affiliation. Each group must have at least five members, and only one group can exist per national political party with representation in the Chamber of Deputies. Each parliamentary group is led by a coordinator.[12]

## Historical composition

[edit]

This chart shows the historical composition of the Chamber of Deputies, from the 50th Congress to the present day.

Chamber of Deputies, 1976 to present

|  |  |

PCM

PAN

PRI

PARM

PPS

PST

PRT

PDM

PSUM

PMT

PFCRN

PMS

PRD

PVEM

PAS

PSN

PSD

PANAL

MORENA

PES

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total
50th | 1976 |  | 10  | 12  | 195  | 20

|
|
|

237
51st | 1979  |  | 18  | 10  | 12  | 11  | 296  | 43  | 10

|
|
|
|
|
|

400
52nd | 1982 |  | 17  | 11  | 10  | 299  | 51  | 12

|
|
|
|
|

400
53rd | 1985 |  | 12  | 12  | 6  | 11  | 6  | 11  | 289  | 41  | 12

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

400
54th | 1988 |  | 19  | 50  | 33  | 36  | 262  | 100

|
|
|
|
|

500
55th | 1991 |  | 12  | 15  | 23  | 41  | 320  | 89

|
|
|
|
|

500
56th | 1994 |  | 10  | 71  | 300  | 119

|
|
|

500
57th | 1997 |  | 7  | 125  | 239  | 8  | 121

|
|
|
|

500
58th | 2000 |  | 8  | 50  | 3  | 3  | 211  | 17  | 206  | 2

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

500
59th | 2003 |  | 6  | 97  | 5  | 224  | 17  | 151

|
|
|
|
|

500
60th | 2006 |  | 15  | 127  | 4  | 16  | 106  | 17  | 206  | 9

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

500
61st | 2009 |  | 15  | 71  | 7  | 236  | 21  | 141  | 9

|
|
|
|
|
|

500
62nd | 2012 |  | 15  | 103  | 17  | 213  | 28  | 114  | 10

|
|
|
|
|
|

500
63rd | 2015 |  | 35  | 61  | 25  | 203  | 47  | 109  | 11  | 8  | 1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

500
64th | 2018 |  | 61  | 191  | 21  | 27  | 45  | 16  | 81  | 2  | 56

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

500
65th | 2021 |  | 37  | 198  | 43  | 15  | 23  | 70  | 114

|
|
|
|
|
|

500
66th | 2024 |  | 51  | 236  | 77  | 1  | 27  | 35  | 72  | 1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

500

## Latest election results and party standings

[edit]

See also: 2024 Mexican general election § Chamber of Deputies, and LXVI Legislature of the Mexican Congress

The current composition of the Chamber of Deputies:

↓  49 | 253 | 62 | 27 | 37 | 71 | 1

|
|
|
|
|
|

Party | Single-member
districts | Proportional
representation | Total seats

|
|
|

| National Regeneration Movement |

176

253

| National Action Party |

| Ecologist Green Party of Mexico |

| Labor Party |

| Institutional Revolutionary Party |

| Citizens' Movement |

| Independent |

Total |

300

200

500

## See also

[edit]

* President of the Chamber of Deputies
* Congress of the Union
* Senate of the Republic
* Politics of Mexico
* Electoral regions of Mexico

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Mexico: Democratization Through Electoral Reform". aceproject.org. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
2. ^ "Cāmara" (PDF). September 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
3. ^ Constitución Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 55. 1917 (México).
4. ^ Constitución Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 52. 1917 (México).
5. ^ a b Constitución Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 53. 1917 (México).
6. ^ Constitución Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 54. 1917 (México).
7. ^ Constitución Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 59. 1917 (México).
8. ^ Ley Orgánica del Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 29. 2022 (México).
9. ^ Ley Orgánica del Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 17. 2022 (México).
10. ^ Ley Orgánica del Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 34. 2022 (México).
11. ^ Ley Orgánica del Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 31. 2022 (México).
12. ^ Ley Orgánica del Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 27. 2022 (México).

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in Spanish)

* v
* t
* e

Congresses of Mexico

Congress of the Union|

* Chamber of Deputies
* Senate

State legislatures|

* Aguascalientes
* Baja California
* Baja California Sur
* Campeche
* Chiapas
* Chihuahua
* Mexico City
* Coahuila
* Colima
* Durango
* Guanajuato
* Guerrero
* Hidalgo
* Jalisco
* Mexico State
* Michoacán
* Morelos
* Nayarit
* Nuevo León
* Oaxaca
* Puebla
* Querétaro
* Quintana Roo
* San Luis Potosí
* Sinaloa
* Sonora
* Tabasco
* Tamaulipas
* Tlaxcala
* Veracruz
* Yucatán
* Zacatecas

* v
* t
* e

Lower houses of national legislatures

Federal|

* Argentina
* Australia
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Brazil
* Canada
* Ethiopia
* Germany
* India
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Nepal
* Nigeria
* Pakistan
* Russia
* Somalia
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Switzerland
* United States

Unitary|

* Algeria
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Bahrain
* Barbados
* Belarus
* Belize
* Bhutan
* Bolivia
* Burundi
* Cambodia
* Cameroon
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Chile
* Colombia
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Czech Republic
* Dominican Republic
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* France
* Gabon
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Italy
* Ivory Coast
* Jamaica
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Madagascar
* Morocco
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* Netherlands
* Oman
* Palau
* Paraguay
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania
* Rwanda
* Saint Lucia
* Slovenia
* South Africa
* Spain
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Togo
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United Kingdom
* Uruguay
* Uzbekistan
* Yemen
* Zimbabwe

Dependent and
other territories|

* American Samoa
* Bermuda
* Isle of Man
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico

Non-UN states|

* Somaliland

Defunct|

* Cuba
* Fiji
* Guyana
* Hungary
* Kingdom of Ireland
* Irish Free State
* South Korea
* Nicaragua
* Northern Ireland
* Peru
* Portugal (Kingdom)
* Portugal (Republic)
* Sweden
* Venezuela

Related|

* Bicameralism
* Unicameralism
* Tricameralism
* Multicameralism
* List of abolished lower houses
* List of legislatures by country

* National upper houses
* National bicameral legislatures
* National unicameral legislatures

* v
* t
* e

Historic center of Mexico City

Zócalo
and immediate vicinity|

* Administrative buildings
* Metropolitan Cathedral
* Cruz de Mañozca
* Fountain to Bartolomé de las Casas
* Monument to Enrico Martínez
* Monument to Pope John Paul II
* Nacional Monte de Piedad
* National Palace
* Old Portal de Mercaderes
* Templo Mayor

Schools and colleges|

* Academia Mexicana de la Historia
* Academy of San Carlos
* Antigua Escuela de Jurisprudencia
* Colegio de San Ignacio de Loyola Vizcaínas
* El Colegio Nacional
* University of the Cloister of Sor Juana

Government buildings|

* Library of the Congress of Mexico
* Old Customs Building
* Palace of the Marqués del Apartado
* Secretariat of Public Education Main Headquarters
* Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation

Religious buildings|

* Church of Jesus Nazareno
* Church of San Felipe Neri "La Profesa"
* Church of San Hipólito
* Church of Santa Inés
* Convent of La Merced
* Convent of San Francisco
* Convent of Santa Inés
* Corpus Christi Church
* Historic Synagogue Justo Sierra 71
* Iglesia de San Bernardo
* La Enseñanza Church
* La Santísima Church
* Nuestra Señora de Loreto Church
* Regina Coeli Convent Church
* Royal Convent of Jesús María and Our Lady of Mercy
* Santa Teresa la Antigua
* Santa Veracruz Monastery
* Santo Domingo
* Templo Expiatorio Nacional de San Felipe de Jesús
* Valvanera Cathedral

Museums|

* Caricature Museum
* Casa Talavera Cultural Center
* Centro Cultural de España
* Colegio de San Ildefonso
* Franz Mayer Museum
* House of the First Print Shop in the Americas
* Interactive Museum of Economics
* José Luis Cuevas Museum
* Museo de Arte Popular
* Museo de Charrería
* Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público
* Museo del Estanquillo
* Museo Mural Diego Rivera
* Museo Nacional de Arte
* Museo Nacional de la Estampa
* Museo Nacional de las Culturas
* Museum of Light
* Museum of Mexico City
* Palace of the Inquisition
* Palacio de Minería
* San Pedro y San Pablo College

Palaces|

* Borda House
* Casa de los Azulejos
* Palace of Iturbide
* Palacio de Bellas Artes
* Palacio de Correos de México
* Palacio de la Autonomía
* Palacio del Marqués del Apartado

Historic houses|

* House of the Count de la Torre Cosío y la Cortina
* House of the Marquis of Uluapa
* Houses of the Mayorazgo de Guerrero
* Saint Augustine House
* Teatro Ulises
* Tlaxcala House

Traditional markets|

* Abelardo L. Rodríguez Market
* Ciudadela Market
* La Merced Market
* San Juan Market

Streets|

* Avenida Bucareli
* Avenida Juárez
* Calle de República de Argentina
* Calle de República de Guatemala
* Madero Street

Parks and plazas|

* Alameda Central
* Garden of the Triple Alliance
* Plaza Garibaldi
* Tlaxcoaque

Transportation|

* Mexico City Metrobús Line 4
* Allende metro station
* Bellas Artes metro station
* Hidalgo metro station
* Isabel la Católica metro station
* Merced metro station
* Pino Suárez metro station
* San Juan de Letrán metro station
* Zócalo/Tenochtitlan metro station

Other|

* Barrio Chino
* Chapultepec aqueduct
* Edificio Miguel E. Abed
* Hospital de Jesús Nazareno
* Hospital San Hipólito
* Teatro de la Ciudad
* Teatro Fru Fru
* Torre Latinoamericana

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Czech Republic
* Israel

19°25′48″N 99°07′04″W﻿ / ﻿19.43000°N 99.11778°W﻿ / 19.43000; -99.11778
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