Chelone (plant)

Genus of flowering plants

"Chelone (genus)" redirects here. For the turtle genus, see Cheloniidae.

Chelone

Chelone glabra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Asterids
Order:  | Lamiales
Family:  | Plantaginaceae
Tribe:  | Cheloneae
Genus:  | Chelone

Species

* Chelone cuthbertii
* Chelone glabra
* Chelone lyonii
* Chelone obliqua

Chelone lyonii Chelone obliqua

Chelone is a genus of four[1] species of perennial herbaceous plants native to eastern North America.[1][2] They all have similarly shaped flowers (which led to the name turtlehead due to their resemblance to the head of a turtle), which vary in color from white to red, purple or pink.[1] Chelone cuthbertii, C. glabra, and C. lyonii are diploid and C. obliqua is either tetraploid or hexaploid, depending on their slight differences in morphology and localities.[1]

## Etymology

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Chelone is derived from Greek meaning ‘turtle-like’, in reference to its turtle head-shaped corollas.[3]

## Relationships to other plants

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The closest relative of Chelone is Nothochelone from western North America.[1] [3] [6] Nothochelone nemerosa is the species most closely related to the genus [3] [6]. Chelone is more closely related to it than to other members of the family such as snapdragons, plantains, and foxglove.[4]

## Species

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Chelone glabra is the most widely distributed species of the genus: from Georgia to Newfoundland and from Mississippi to Manitoba;[5] [5] [6] the other three are found in more restricted areas.

Chelone cuthbertii is found in two areas: the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and the coastal plain of Virginia.[1] [5] [6]

Chelone lyonii is found in the Blue Ridge of Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina.[1] [5] [6]

Chelone obliqua is found as tetraploids in the Blue Ridge, or hexaploids in two areas: Tennessee to Arkansas and Michigan, or the Atlantic coastal plain from South Carolina to Maryland.[1] [5] [6]

The relationship between the different populations is complicated and it appears that C. obliqua in fact has arisen several times from diploid ancestors of the other three species.[1] [5] [6] The four species seem to have diverged recently.[1] [5] [6]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Allan D. Nelson; Wayne J. Elisens (1999). "Polyploid evolution and biogeography in Chelone (Scrophulariaceae): morphological and isozyme evidence". American Journal of Botany. 86 (10). Botanical Society of America: 1487–1501\. doi:10.2307/2656929. JSTOR 2656929. PMID 10523288.
2. ^ NRCS. "Chelone". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
3. ^ Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 103, 276
4. ^ Olmstead, R. G.; dePamphilis, C. W.; Wolfe, A. D.; Young, N. D.; Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. (2001). "Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (2). Botanical Society of America: 348–361\. doi:10.2307/2657024. JSTOR 2657024. PMID 11222255.
5. ^ NRCS. "Chelone glabra". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

* A. D. Nelson. 2012. Chelone. Flora of North America http://floranorthamerica.org/files/Chelone03f.CH for Prov Pub.pdf
* NELSON, A.D. 1995. Polyploid evolution in Chelone (Scrophulariaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of. Oklahoma, Norman.
* Chelone L. Plants of the World Online
* Accepted species Plants of the World Online

* Media related to Chelone at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Chelone at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers

Chelone|

* Wikidata: Q965025
* Wikispecies: Chelone
* ButMoth: 5859.0
* CoL: 3MP8
* EoL: 38375
* EPPO: 1CHVG
* FNA: 106620
* GBIF: 3171652
* GRIN: 2443
* iNaturalist: 54403
* IPNI: 37531-1
* IRMNG: 1311735
* ITIS: 33181
* NCBI: 46063
* Open Tree of Life: 710199
* Paleobiology Database: 80566
* PLANTS: CHELO
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005855-2
* Tropicos: 40006615
* VASCAN: 986
* WFO: wfo-4000007800