Chelus

Genus of turtles

For the ancient Greek lyre, see Chelys.

Chelus

Temporal range: Miocene–recent[1]

PreꞒ

Chelus fimbriatus
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Reptilia
Order:  | Testudines
Suborder:  | Pleurodira
Family:  | Chelidae
Subfamily:  | Chelinae
Genus:  | Chelus
Duméril, 1805[2]

Chelus is a genus of large freshwater turtles found in tropical South America. Formerly considered to be a monotypic genus,[3] it now consists of two extant species after Chelus orinocensis was identified in 2020 from a genetic analysis.[4]

## Evolution

[edit]

Fossils of the extinct †C. colombianus have been found in Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil, including a skull dating to the early Miocene (~ 16 m.y.) of the Castilletes Formation, Cocinetas Basin, in Colombia. The fossil shows that the skull morphology of Chelus has been almost unchanged since the Miocene.[5][6]

## Species

[edit]

There are two extant recognized species in this genus[3][7] and one extinct species:[1]

* Chelus fimbriatus – Amazon mata mata
* Chelus orinocensis – Orinoco mata mata
* †Chelus colombianus – Columbian mata mata (Early-Late Miocene)[8][6]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Chelus Duméril 1806". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
2. ^ Duméril, A.M.C. 1805. Zoologie Analytique, ou Méthode Naturelle de Classification des Animaux. Paris: Perronneau, 344 pp.
3. ^ a b Rhodin, Anders G.J.; Inverson, John B.; Roger, Bour; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; van Dijk, Peter Paul; et al. (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group) (2021). Rhodin A. G.J.; Iverson J.B.; van Dijk P.P.; Saumure R.A.; Buhlmann K.A.; Pritchard P.C.H.; Mittermeier R.A. (eds.). "Turtles of the world, 2021 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status (9th Ed.)". Chelonian Research Monographs. Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. 9 (8 ed.): 1–472\. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. ISBN 978-1-5323-5026-9.
4. ^ Sanchez-Vilaga, Marcelo R.; Prichard, Peter C. H.; Paolillo, Alfredo; Linares, Omar J. (January 1995). "Geographic variation in the matamata turtle, Chelus fimbriatus, with observations on its shell morphology and morphometry" (PDF). Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 1: 292–300.
5. ^ Cadena, Ea; Jaramillo, Ca (2015). "The first fossil skull of Chelus (Pleurodira: Chelidae, Matamata turtle) from the early Miocene of Colombia". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/545. ISSN 1094-8074.
6. ^ a b Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (April 2016). "Review of the fossil matamata turtles: earliest well-dated record and hypotheses on the origin of their present geographical distribution". The Science of Nature. 103 (3–4). doi:10.1007/s00114-016-1355-2. ISSN 0028-1042.3–4&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00114-016-1355-2&rft.issn=0028-1042&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+S.&rft.au=Rincón,+Ascanio+D.&rft.au=Solórzano,+Andrés&rft.au=Langer,+Max+C.&rft_id=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-016-1355-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Chelus" class="Z3988">
7. ^ Chelus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 16 April 2024.
8. ^ Wood, Roger Conant (1975). "Two new species of Chelus (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Late Tertiary of northern South America". Breviora. 435: 1–26.

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Side-necked turtle species

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Reptilia
* Subclass: Anapsida
* Order: Testudines
* Suborder: Pleurodira

Family|

| Subfamily|

| Genus|

| Subgenus|

Species

Chelidae|

| Chelinae|

| Acanthochelys|

|  |

* Acanthochelys macrocephala
* Acanthochelys pallidipectoris
* Acanthochelys radiolata
* Acanthochelys spixii

|

Chelus|

|  |

* Chelus fimbriata
* Chelus orinocensis
* †Chelus colombiana

|

Mesoclemmys|

|  |

* Mesoclemmys dahli
* Mesoclemmys gibba
* Mesoclemmys jurutiensis
* Mesoclemmys nasuta
* Mesoclemmys perplexa
* Mesoclemmys raniceps
* Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis
* Mesoclemmys tuberculata
* Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei
* †Mesoclemmys vanegasorum
* Mesoclemmys zuliae

|

Phrynops|

|  |

* Phrynops geoffroanus
* Phrynops hilarii
* †Phrynops paranaensis
* Phrynops tuberosus
* Phrynops williamsi

|

Platemys|

|  |

* Platemys platycephala

|

Ranacephala|

|  |

* Ranacephala hogei

|

Rhinemys|

|  |

* Rhinemys rufipes

|

Chelodininae|

| Chelodina|

| Chelodina|

* Chelodina canni
* Chelodina gunaleni
* Chelodina longicollis
* Chelodina mccordi
* †Chelodina murrayi
* Chelodina novaeguineae
* Chelodina pritchardi
* Chelodina reimanni
* Chelodina steindachneri

|

Chelydera|

* †Chelodina alanrixi
* Chelodina burrungandjii
* Chelodina expansa
* Chelodina insculpta
* Chelodina kuchlingi
* Chelodina kurrichalpongo
* Chelodina parkeri
* Chelodina rugosa
* Chelodina walloyarrina

Macrochelodina|

* Chelodina oblonga

Elseya|

| Elseya|

* Elseya dentata
* Elseya branderhorsti
* Elseya flaviventralis

|

Pelocomastes|

* Elseya albagula
* Elseya irwini
* Elseya lavarackorum
* †Elseya nadibajagu
* †Elseya uberrima

Hanwarachelys|

* Elseya caelatus
* Elseya novaeguineae
* Elseya orestiad
* Elseya rhodini
* Elseya schultzei

Elusor|

|  |

* Elusor macrurus

|

Emydura|

|  |

* Emydura australis
* Emydura gunaleni
* Emydura macquarii
* Emydura subglobosa
* Emydura tanybaraga
* Emydura victoriae

|

Myuchelys|

|  |

* Myuchelys belli
* Myuchelys georgesi
* Myuchelys latisternum
* Myuchelys purvisi

|

Rheodytes|

|  |

* Rheodytes leukops
* †Rheodytes devisi

|

Hydromedusinae|

| Hydromedusa|

|  |

* Hydromedusa maximiliani
* Hydromedusa tectifera

|

Pseudemydurinae|

| Pseudemydura|

|  |

* Pseudemydura umbrina

|

Pelomedusidae|

|  |

| Pelomedusa|

|  |

* Pelomedusa subrufa

|

Pelusios|

|  |

* Pelusios adansonii
* Pelusios bechuanicus
* Pelusios broadleyi
* Pelusios carinatus
* Pelusios castaneus
* Pelusios castanoides
* Pelusios chapini
* Pelusios cupulatta
* Pelusios gabonensis
* Pelusios marani
* Pelusios nanus
* Pelusios niger
* Pelusios rhodesianus
* Pelusios sinuatus
* Pelusios subniger
* Pelusios upembae
* Pelusios williamsi

|

Podocnemididae|

|  |

| Erymnochelys|

|  |

* Erymnochelys madagascariensis

|

Peltocephalus|

|  |

* Peltocephalus dumerilianus

|

Podocnemis|

|  |

* Podocnemis erythrocephala
* Podocnemis expansa
* Podocnemis lewyana
* Podocnemis sextuberculata
* Podocnemis unifilis
* Podocnemis vogli

|

* Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on Turtles of the World 2021 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Key: †=extinct.

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* t
* e

Testudines

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Reptilia
* Clade: Diapsida
* Order: Testudines

Suborder|

| Superfamily|

| Family|

Genus

Cryptodira|

| Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)|

| Cheloniidae|

* †Allopleuron
* Caretta
* †Carolinochelys
* Chelonia
* †Eochelone
* Eretmochelys
* †Gigantatypus
* †Glarichelys
* †Itilochelys
* Lepidochelys
* †Mexichelys
* †Miocaretta
* Natator
* †Pacifichelys
* †Syllomus
* †Tasbacka

|

Dermochelyidae|

* †Arabemys
* †Corsochelys
* †Cosmochelys
* Dermochelys
* †Eosphargis
* †Mesodermochelys
* †Psephophorus

* †Euclastes
* †Peritresius
* †Procolpochelys
* †Protosphargis
* †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea|

| Dermatemydidae|

* Dermatemys

|

Kinosternidae|

* Claudius
* †Hoplochelys
* Kinosternon
* Staurotypus
* Sternotherus

Testudinoidea|

| Emydidae|

* †Acherontemys
* Chrysemys
* Clemmys
* Deirochelys
* Emys
* Actinemys
* Emydoidea
* Glyptemys
* Graptemys
* Malaclemys
* Pseudemys
* Terrapene
* Trachemys
* †Wilburemys

|

Geoemydidae|

* Batagur
* †Banhxeochelys
* Cuora
* Cyclemys
* Geoclemys
* Geoemyda
* Hardella
* Heosemys
* Leucocephalon
* Malayemys
* Mauremys
* Melanochelys
* Morenia
* Notochelys
* Orlitia
* Pangshura
* Rhinoclemmys
* Sacalia
* Siebenrockiella
* Vijayachelys

Platysternidae|

* Platysternon

Testudinidae|

* Aldabrachelys
* Astrochelys
* Centrochelys
* Chelonoidis
* Chersina
* Cylindraspis
* †Cymatholcus
* †Floridemys
* Geochelone
* Gopherus
* †Hadrianus
* †Hesperotestudo
* Homopus
* Indotestudo
* Kinixys
* Malacochersus
* Manouria
* †Megalochelys
* †Oligopherus
* Psammobates
* Pyxis
* †Solitudo
* Stigmochelys
* †Stylemys
* Testudo

Trionychia|

| Carettochelyidae|

* †Allaeochelys
* †Anosteira
* Carettochelys

|

Trionychidae|

* Amyda
* Apalone
* †Axestemys
* Chitra
* Cyclanorbis
* Cycloderma
* †Drazinderetes
* Dogania
* †Gilmoremys
* †Hutchemys
* †Khunnuchelys
* Lissemys
* Nilssonia
* Palea
* †Palaeoamyda
* Pelochelys
* Pelodiscus
* Rafetus
* Trionyx

* †Basilochelys
* †Sinaspideretes

| Chelydridae|

* Chelydra
* †Chelydrops
* †Chelydropsis
* †Emarginachelys
* †Macrocephalochelys
* Macrochelys
* †Planiplastron
* †Protochelydra

|

†Nanhsiungchelyidae|

* †Anomalochelys
* †Basilemys
* †Jiangxichelys

†Protostegidae|

* †Alienochelys
* †Archelon
* †Atlantochelys
* †Bouliachelys
* †Calcarichelys
* †Cratochelone
* †Desmatochelys
* †Iserosaurus
* †Notochelone
* †Ocepechelon
* †Pneumatoarthrus
* †Protostega
* †Rhinochelys
* †Santanachelys
* †Terlinguachelys

* †Adocus
* †Argillochelys
* †Bashuchelys
* †Ctenochelys
* †Prionochelys
* †Toxochelys

Pleurodira|

|  |

| †Araripemydidae|

* †Araripemys

|

†Bothremydidae|

* †Araiochelys
* †Arenila
* †Azabbaremys
* †Bothremys
* †Cearachelys
* †Chedighaii
* †Chupacabrachelys
* †Eotaphrosphys
* †Foxemys
* †Galianemys
* †Ilatardia
* †Inaechelys
* †Itapecuruemys
* †Jainemys
* †Kinkonychelys
* †Kurmademys
* †Labrostochelys
* †Nigeremys
* †Phosphatochelys
* †Polysternon
* †Puentemys
* †Rosasia
* †Rhothonemys
* †Sankuchemys
* †Taphrosphys
* †Ummulisani
* †Zolhafah

Chelidae|

* Acanthochelys
* Chelodina
* Chelus
* Elseya
* Elusor
* Emydura
* Hydromedusa
* †Lomalatachelys
* Mesoclemmys
* Myuchelys
* Phrynops
* Platemys
* †Prochelidella
* Pseudemydura
* Rheodytes
* Rhinemys
* †Yaminuechelys

Pelomedusidae|

* Pelomedusa
* Pelusios

Podocnemididae|

* †Albertwoodemys
* †Bauruemys
* †Brontochelys
* †Caninemys
* †Carbonemys
* †Cerrejonemys
* †Cordichelys
* Erymnochelys
* †Lapparentemys
* †Latentemys
* Peltocephalus
* Podocnemis
* †Stupendemys

†Sahonachelyidae|

* †Sahonachelys
* †Sokatra

|  |

|  |

* †Caribemys
* †Caririemys
* †Tacuarembemys

|

* Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

* See also List of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers

Chelus|

* Wikidata: Q14566138
* Wikispecies: Chelus
* BOLD: 171553
* CoL: 87DY8
* EoL: 83728
* GBIF: 2441926
* iNaturalist: 39602
* IRMNG: 1380855
* ITIS: 208720
* NCBI: 44494
* Open Tree of Life: 235772
* Paleobiology Database: 37611
* WoRMS: 1358274
* ZooBank: B8C9C955-ECF8-4015-A0E4-E39AC0449549

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