Chernihiv Oblast

Oblast (region) of Ukraine

Oblast in Ukraine

Chernihiv Oblast

Чернігівська область

Oblast

Chernihivska oblast[1]

Flag

Coat of arms

Nickname:

Чернігівщина (Chernihivshchyna)

Coordinates: 51°20′N 32°04′E﻿ / ﻿51.34°N 32.06°E﻿ / 51.34; 32.06
Country|  Ukraine
Established| 15 October 1932
Administrative center| Chernihiv
Largest cities| Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Pryluky
Government

• Governor| Vyacheslav Chaus[2]
• Oblast council| 64 seats
• Chairperson| Olena Dmytrenko
Area

• Total

| 31,865 km2 (12,303 sq mi)
• Rank| Ranked 3rd
Population

(2022)[3]

• Total

|  959,315
GDP

[4]

• Total| ₴ 114 billion
(€2.9 billion)
• Per capita| ₴ 117,225
(€3,000)
Time zone| UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code|

14-17xxx

Area code| +380 46
ISO 3166 code| UA-74
Vehicle registration| СВ
Raions| 5
Hromadas| 57
HDI (2022)| 0.737[5]
high
FIPS 10-4| UP02
NUTS statistical regions of Ukraine| UA14
Website| chor.gov.ua

Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).[3]

## Geography

[edit]

The total area of the province is around 31,900 km².

On the west, the oblast is bordered by the Kyiv Reservoir of the Dnieper River and Kyiv Oblast, which has a enclave known as Slavutych, which was created from Chernihiv Oblast for the inhabitants of Chernobyl following the Chernobyl disaster. It is bordered by Sumy Oblast to the east and Poltava Oblast to the south. The northern border of the oblast is part of Ukraine's international border abutting Belarus's Gomel Region in the north-west and the Russian Bryansk Oblast in the north-east, respectively.

The oblast is bisected into northern and southern sections by the Desna River, which enters the Dnieper just north of the Kyiv city limits. It is located in the historic regions of Left-bank Ukraine and Polissia.

## History

[edit]

Medieval Transfiguration Cathedral and Boris and Gleb Cathedral in Chernihiv

Chernihiv Oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on 15 October 1932.

The capital city of Chernihiv has known human settlement for over 2,000 years, according to archaeological excavations. Chernihiv Oblast comprises a very important historical region, notable as early as the Kievan Rus' period, when the cities of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi were frequently mentioned. The city of Chernihiv was the second most important Ukrainian city during the Rus' period of Ukrainian history, often serving as a major regional capital. Danylo of Chernihiv wrote of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem during this era. The region at various times was ruled by the Kievan Rus', Mongol Empire, Lithuania, Poland and Russia. Numerous tragic events have taken place in the region, such as the Battle of Kruty and the Koriukivka massacre.[6] During World War II, the province was occupied by Germany in 1941–1943.

During the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Chernihiv Oblast was one of the first regions where Russian and Ukrainian forces clashed.[7][8][9] On 4 April 2022 Governor of Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus stated that the Russian military had left Chernihiv Oblast, but that it had planted mines in many areas.[10] On 4 and 5 April 2022 units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine retook control of their border crossing in Chernihiv Oblast.[11]

## Demographics

[edit]

The current estimated population of the oblast is around 976,701 (as of 2021).

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 93.5% of the population of Chernihiv Oblast, and ethnic Russians for 5.0%.[12][13]

### Language

[edit]

See also: Languages of Ukraine

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainian was the native language for over 89% of Chernihiv Oblast's population: it was the dominant language in all of the city and town councils, as well as in the absolute majority of the village councils of the oblast. In the extreme north of Chernihiv Oblast, near the border with Russia and Belarus, Russian was the dominant language in twelve village councils, all of which also had significant (over 20%) Ukrainian-speaking minorities.

Due to the Russification of Ukraine during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Chernihiv Oblast gradually decreased between the 1970 and 1989 censuses, while the share of Russian speakers increased.[14] Native language of the population of Chernihiv Oblast according to the results of population censuses:[15][16][17][18][19][20]

| 1959 | 1970 | 1989 | 2001

|
|
|
|

Ukrainian | 88.1% | 88.8% | 85.7% | 89.1%
Russian | 11.1% | 10.6% | 13.6% | 10.3%
Other | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.4%

Native language of the population of the raions and cities of Chernihiv Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[21]

| Ukrainian | Russian

|
|

Chernihiv Oblast | 89.1% | 10.3%
City of Chernihiv | 74.0% | 24.5%
City of Nizhyn | 89.5% | 8.9%
City of Pryluky | 92.9% | 6.8%
Bakhmach Raion | 97.1% | 2.5%
Bobrovytsia Raion | 97.9% | 1.8%
Borzna Raion | 98.4% | 1.4%
Varva Raion | 97.0% | 2.7%
Horodnia Raion | 92.5% | 7.0%
Ichnia Raion | 97.8% | 2.0%
Kozelets Raion | 95.8% | 3.8%
Korop Raion | 97.8% | 2.0%
Koriukivka Raion
(in pre-2020 borders) | 96.9% | 2.8%
Kulykivka Raion | 98.0% | 1.7%
Mena Raion | 97.5% | 2.1%
Nizhyn Raion
(in pre-2020 borders) | 98.5% | 1.3%
Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion
(in pre-2020 borders) | 63.9% | 35.9%
Nosivka Raion | 97.9% | 1.7%
Pryluky Raion
(in pre-2020 borders) | 97.2% | 2.4%
Ripky Raion | 87.6% | 11.4%
Semenivka Raion | 80.4% | 19.4%
Snovsk Raion | 89.4% | 10.3%
Sosnytsia Raion | 98.4% | 1.4%
Sribne Raion | 98.3% | 1.5%
Talalaivka Raion | 98.0% | 1.9%
Chernihiv Raion
(in pre-2020 borders) | 95.4% | 4.0%

Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Chernihiv Oblast.[22]

According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 80% of the residents of Chernihiv Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 12% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 3% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 5% found it difficult to answer.[23]

On 21 March 2023, Chernihiv Oblast Military Administration approved the «Programme to promote the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language in Chernihiv Oblast for 2023—2028», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.[24][25]

According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 76.2% of posts from Chernihiv Oblast were written in Ukrainian (67.8% in 2023, 56.6% in 2022, 18.1% in 2020), while 23.8% were written in Russian (32.2% in 2023, 43.4% in 2022, 81.9% in 2020).[26][27]

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Chernihiv Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified[28] during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast:[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Language of instruction,
% of pupils | 1991—
1992 | 1992—
1993 | 1993—
1994 | 1994—
1995 | 1995—
1996 | 2000—
2001 | 2005—
2006 | 2007—
2008 | 2010—
2011 | 2012—
2013 | 2015—
2016 | 2018—
2019 | 2021—
2022 | 2022—
2023

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Ukrainian | 67.1% | 70.3% | 74.0% | 78.0% | 81.0% | 94.0% | 99.0% | 99.0% | 99.5% | 99.6% | 99.6% | 99.6% | 99.97% | 100.0%
Russian | 32.9% | 29.7% | 26.0% | 22.0% | 19.0% | 6.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.03% | —

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 89,872 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Chernihiv Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.[36]

The province has experienced long-term population decline. The population has fallen 37% from the 1959 figure of 1,554,000, the steepest decline of any Ukrainian oblast. It has the lowest population density in the country.

### Age structure

[edit]

0-14 years: 12.9%  (male 70,680/female 67,487)
15-64 years: 68.4%  (male 352,230/female 378,864)
65 years and over: 18.7%  (male 61,722/female 138,277) (2013 official)

### Median age

[edit]

total: 42.8 years
male: 38.5 years
female: 46.9 years  (2013 official)

## Administrative subdivisions

[edit]

Main article: Administrative divisions of Chernihiv Oblast

Map of Chernihiv Oblast.

Since July 2020, Chernihiv Oblast is administratively subdivided into 5 raions (districts).

The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of Chernihiv Oblast:

* Administrative centre — 1 (Chernihiv),
* Raions — 5,
* Hromadas — 57, including:
* Urban hromadas — 16,
* Settlement hromadas — 24,
* Rural hromadas — 17.

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Chernihiv Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Chernihiv Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the President of Ukraine.

### Important settlements

[edit]

Largest cities

1. Chernihiv (294,727)
2. Nizhyn (72,422)
3. Pryluky (58,456)
4. Bakhmach (18,798)
5. Nosivka (14,185)
6. Novhorod-Siverskyi (14,025)

Other settlements

* Borzna (historical city)
* Kozelets (historical town)
* Liubech (historical city of Middle Ages)
* Baturyn (Hetman residence and fort)

### Raions

[edit]

Flag  | Coat of arms  | Name | Ukrainian name | Administrative centre | Area
(km2) | Population estimate (2021)[37]

|
|
|
|
|
|

|  | Chernihiv Raion | Чернігівський район | Chernihiv | 10,249 | 445,430
|  | Koriukivka Raion | Корюківський район | Koriukivka | 4,578 | 86,435
|  | Nizhyn Raion | Ніжинський район  | Nizhyn | 7,226 | 215,908
|  | Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion | Новгород-Сіверський район  | Novhorod-Siverskyi | 4,630.5 | 62,141
|  | Pryluky Raion | Прилуцький район  | Pryluky | 5,214 | 149,401
|  | Chernihiv Oblast | Чернігівська область | Chernihiv | 31,865 | 959,315

The Slavutych municipality is located in Chernihiv Oblast on the eastern bank of the Dnieper, but officially belongs to Kyiv Oblast (being an administrative exclave).

## Economy

[edit]

### Industry

[edit]

The economy of Chernihiv Oblast is centered around petroleum and natural gas extraction, transport, machinery, tobacco and the textile industry. A major tobacco factory is situated in Pryluky. The cities of Bakhmach and Nizhyn are important railway junctions on the route from Russia and Belarus to Southeast Europe. There are notable machinery and electronics industries in Chernihiv. Chernihiv also has a brewery producing beer under the name "Chernihivske".

## Religion

[edit]

Main article: History of Christianity in Ukraine

The religion among believers in the oblast is overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox. A substantial percentage of the population is atheist. Small minorities of Ukrainian Catholics, Roman Catholics (including the descendants of earlier Polish colonists), and recent converts to Protestantism are also present.

## Culture and tourist attractions

[edit]

There are several outstanding historical Orthodox churches and buildings in Chernihiv, Novhorod-Siverskyi, Liubech, Nizhyn, Kozelets, and Pryluky. Nizhyn is a historical Cossack city and home to a university.

* Saint Anthony's Caves
* Churches of Chernihiv, including Saviour-Transfiguration Cathedral, Boris and Gleb Cathedral, Yeletsky Monastery, Trinity Monastery, St. Catherine's Church, Piatnytska Church
* Hustynia Monastery
* Kniazhyi hrad
* Kachanivka Palace and Sokyryntsi Palace

Chernihiv Oblast was famous for its specific style of folk icon-painting. Brightness and realistic depictions of the saints were typical for it, with red and hot yellow paints used. The icons were decorated by flowers in a manner reminiscent of Slavonic pre-Christian traditions. The icons from Chernihiv Oblast were spread outside its territory. Many of them are preserved in the Museum of Ukrainian home icons of the Radomysl Castle.[citation needed]

## Nomenclature

[edit]

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centres" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective centre city: Chernihiv is the centre of the Chernihivs'ka oblast' (Chernihiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Chernihiv Oblast, Chernihivshchyna.

See also: Romanization of Ukrainian

## Gallery

[edit]

* Krasna Square in Chernihiv

* Transfiguration Cathedral in Chernihiv, one of the oldest surviving buildings of pre-Mongol Rus'

* St. Nicholas Cathedral in Nizhyn, the prototype of Ukrainian Baroque

* Nativity of the Theotokos Cathedral in Pryluky

* Transfiguration Monastery in Novhorod-Siverskyi

* Kachanivka Palace

* Sokyryntsi Palace

* Kyrylo Rozumovskyi's Palace in Baturyn

* Baturyn Fortress Citadel

* Mizhrichynskyi Regional Landscape Park

## See also

[edit]

* Administrative divisions of Ukraine
* Chernihiv Regiment
* Chernihiv Governorate

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use (PDF). scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20\. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 6 October 2020. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)
2. ^ Zelensky appoints head of Chernihiv Regional State Administration, Ukrinform (4 August 2021)
3. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
4. ^ "Валовий регіональний продукт".
5. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
6. ^ "Корюківка: забута трагедія. Як нацисти знищили 7-тисячне містечко" (in Ukrainian).
7. ^ "Украинские пограничники сообщили об атаке границы со стороны России и Белоруссии". Interfax. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
8. ^ "Войска России на севере Украины продвинулись вглубь до пяти километров – Арестович". Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
9. ^ "Перші три дні повномасштабної російсько-української війни (текстовий онлайн) | Громадське телебачення". Hromadske (in Ukrainian). 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
10. ^ Russian Military Leaves Chernihiv Region, Plants Mines In Many Areas - Governor Chaus, Ukrainian News Agency (4 April 2022)
11. ^ (in Ukrainian) Ukrainian border guards crossed the state border in Chernihiv region, Ukrayinska Pravda (5 April 2022)
12. ^ (in Ukrainian) Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік
13. ^ Банк даних, перепис 2001 року
14. ^ "Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г." (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
15. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193
16. ^ Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984
17. ^ Чорний С. Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)
18. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973
19. ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
20. ^ "Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1)". Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
21. ^ "Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Чернігівська область". Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
22. ^ "Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
23. ^ ""ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ". Чернігівська область" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Рейтинг. 26 December 2018.
24. ^ "Чаус затвердив Програму розвитку та функціонування української мови на Чернігівщині: що відомо". Суспільне (in Ukrainian). 24 April 2023.
25. ^ "На Чернігівщині на програму сприяння українській мові виділили 700 тисяч гривень". Суспільне (in Ukrainian). 22 June 2023. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
26. ^ "Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу" (in Ukrainian). 28 October 2024.
27. ^ ""Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
28. ^ Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.
29. ^ «Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. "Джерело". pics.livejournal.com. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
30. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
31. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
32. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
33. ^ Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024. — Сайт Державної служби статистики України. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
34. ^ Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024. — Сайт Державної служби статистики України. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
35. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
36. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
37. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine) Archived April 6, 2022, at the Wayback Machine" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 11 July 2021.

* Kardash, Peter. Ukraine and Ukrainians. Ed. Peter Lockwood. Melbourne: Fortuna Publishers, 1988.
* (1972) Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP - Чернігівська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR - Chernihiv Oblast), Kiev. (in Ukrainian)
* Information Card of the Region \- Official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine

* Богомолець. О. "Замок-музей Радомисль на Шляху Королів Via Regia". — Київ, 2013

## External links

[edit]

Chernihiv Oblast at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity

* Very detailed map of Chernigov Guberniya as in 1910 Archived 10 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Latinised placenames
* Chernihiv Oblast State Administration (in Ukrainian)
* patent.net.ua \- Symbols of Chernihiv Oblast

* The Official Site of the Radomysl Castle Archived 14 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
* Economic Portal of Chernihiv Region

* v
* t
* e

Chernihiv Oblast hromadas (communities)

Administrative center: Chernihiv

Chernihiv Raion|

Berezna · Chernihiv · Desna · Dobrianka · Honcharivske · Horodnia · Ivanivka · Kipti · Kozelets · Kulykivka · Kyinka · Kyselivka · Liubech · Mykhailo-Kotsiubynske · Novyi Bilous · Olyshivka · Oster · Ripky · Sedniv · Tupychiv

Koriukivka Raion|

Kholmy · Koriukivka · Mena · Snovsk · Sosnytsia

Nizhyn Raion|

Bakhmach · Baturyn · Bobrovytsia · Borzna · Dmytrivka · Komarivka · Kruty · Losynivka · Makiivka · Mryn · Nizhyn · Nova Basan · Nosivka · Plysky · Talalaivka · Vertiivka · Vysoke

Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion|

Korop · Novohorod-Siverskyi · Ponornytsia · Semenivka

Pryluky Raion|

Ichnia · Ladan · Lynovytsia · Mala Divytsia · Parafiivka · Pryluky · Sribne · Sukhopolova · Talalaivka · Varva · Yablunivka

Urban hromadas are marked in bold script.

* v
* t
* e

Administrative divisions of Ukraine

Capital: Kyiv

Oblasts|

* Cherkasy
* Chernihiv
* Chernivtsi
* Dnipropetrovsk
* Donetsk
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kharkiv
* Kherson
* Khmelnytskyi
* Kirovohrad
* Kyiv
* Luhansk
* Lviv
* Mykolaiv
* Odesa
* Poltava
* Rivne
* Sumy
* Ternopil
* Vinnytsia
* Volyn
* Zakarpattia
* Zaporizhzhia
* Zhytomyr

Cities with special status|

* Kyiv
* Sevastopol

Autonomous republic|

* Crimea

Administrative centers|

* Cherkasy
* Chernihiv
* Chernivtsi
* Dnipro
* Donetsk
* Kramatorsk
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kharkiv
* Kherson
* Khmelnytskyi
* Kropyvnytskyi
* Kyiv
* Luhansk
* Sievierodonetsk
* Lutsk
* Lviv
* Mykolaiv
* Odesa
* Poltava
* Rivne
* Sevastopol
* Simferopol
* Sumy
* Ternopil
* Uzhhorod
* Vinnytsia
* Zaporizhzhia
* Zhytomyr

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

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* Yale LUX

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