Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Forced Russian adoption of Ukrainian children

Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War and war crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

1,500 Ukrainian children from Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts at Yevpatoria, Russian-occupied Crimea, October 2022

Location| Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
Date| 2014[1][2][3] - present
Target| Ukrainian children

Attack type

* Deportation
* forced displacement
* population transfer
* Russification
* child laundering[citation needed]
* war crime
* crimes against humanity

Deaths| 549[4]
Injured| 1,354[4]
Victims| 19,546[4] - 307,000[5] (as of August 2022)
700,000 (as of July 2023)[6]
Perpetrators|

* Vladimir Putin
* Maria Lvova-Belova

Litigation| International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova

During the Russo-Ukrainian War,[3] Russia has forcibly transferred almost 20 thousand Ukrainian children to areas under its control, assigned them Russian citizenship, forcibly adopted them into Russian families, and created obstacles for their reunification with their parents and homeland.[7][8] The United Nations has stated that these deportations constitute war crimes.[8][9] The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for President of Russia Vladimir Putin[10] (who has explicitly supported the forced adoptions, including by enacting legislation to facilitate them)[1] and Children's Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova for their alleged involvement.[10] According to international law, including the 1948 Genocide Convention, such acts constitute genocide if done with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a nation or ethnic group.[11][a]

Ukrainian children have been abducted by the Russian state after their parents had been arrested by Russian occupation authorities or killed in the invasion,[12][13] or after becoming separated from their parents in an active war zone.[14] Children have also been abducted from Ukrainian state institutions in occupied areas, and through children's "summer camps" on Russian territory.[12] The abducted children have been subject to Russification;[1][14] raising children of war in a foreign nation and culture may constitute an act of genocide if intended to erase their national identity.[1]

Ukrainian authorities have verified the identities of[15] over 19,000 abducted children,[4] compiling and actively updating the data as part of an online platform: "Children of War". Russian authorities have claimed that over 700,000 Ukrainian children have been transferred by mid-2023,[6] and Ukraine's ombudsman on children's rights believes that the actual number of abducted children may be in the hundreds of thousands.[15] A charitable organisation, Save Ukraine, facilitates the repatriation and family reunification of abducted Ukrainian children.[16][13] Daria Herasymchuk is Ukraine's Presidential Commission for Children's Rights and Child Rehabilitation officer.[17]

## History

[edit]

See also: Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russian irredentism

### 2010s

[edit]

Russia started transferring children from Ukrainian territories in 2014, the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[1][2] The first such large-scale program was initiated by Russian charity celebrity Elizaveta Glinka.[3] In early February 2022, Russia "evacuated" 500 supposed orphans from Donetsk Oblast to Russian territory.[18]

### 2022

[edit]

The first reports of forced deportations to Russia as part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine came mid-March 2022, during the siege of Mariupol.[19] The same month, Russian children's rights commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova has stated that a group of Ukrainian children transferred to Russia from Mariupol had initially asserted their Ukrainian identity, but that it had since transformed into a love for Russia, saying that she had adopted one of the children herself.[1]

Map of the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 22 March 2022, Ukraine and U.S. authorities claimed more than 2,300 children had been kidnapped by Russian forces from the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.[20][21]

On 30 May 2022, Vladimir Putin signed a decree that streamlined the process of adopting Ukrainian orphans or those without parental care and giving them Russian citizenship.[1][22][23]

By 11 April, two-thirds of Ukraine's 7.5 million children had been displaced according to the U.N.[24] Ukraine's human rights commissioner, Lyudmila Denysova, and U.N. ambassador Sergiy Kyslytsya, stated at that time that more than 120,000 children had been deported to Russia.[25][24] By 26 May, more than 238,000 Ukrainian children were reported to have been deported to Russian territory.[22]

Ukraine raised the issue at a meeting of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in early June, where the head of Ukraine's mission, Yevhenii Tsymbaliuk, quoted a message from a Ukrainian child who had been forcibly adopted despite having close living relations; addressed to his aunt, it read, in part, "They say I'm an orphan. But I'm not an orphan, I have you, I have grandparents. There are so many children like me here. They say they want to leave us in Russia. And I don't want to stay in Russia!"[26]

According to Ukrainska Pravda, Russia has taken 267 orphans from Mariupol to Rostov to be made Russian citizens, supervised by Maria Lvova-Belova. It also reported that Russian authorities had looked for and collected orphaned children, to be taken to an unknown destination.[27]

Sky News released CCTV footage dated June 2022 of Russian FSB officials entering an orphanage Kherson to search for orphans. Aware of the risk of child abductions, the staff hid the children prior to their arrival. Finding the orphanage empty, the FSB agents seized records, computers, and the CCTV system from the orphanage in an apparent effort to track down the missing children. Russian authorities subsequently sent abducted 15 children to be housed in the orphanage, only to be taken away by the Russian occupiers as they retreated from Kherson. Russian forces also successfully abducted children from a different Kherson orphanage, an eyewitness told Sky News.[28]

In June 2022, Mikhail Mizintsev, head of the National Defense Management Center, claimed 1,936,911 Ukrainians had been deported to Russia, of whom 307,423 were children.[29]

On 7 September a United Nations official reported that there were credible accusations that Russian forces had sent Ukrainian children to Russia for adoption as part of a forced deportation programme, and the US ambassador informed the UN Security Council that more than 1,800 Ukrainian children had been transferred to Russia in July alone.[30]

Child abduction during "filtration" procedures was documented in a 10 November 2022 Amnesty International report entitled "Russia’s Unlawful Transfer And Abuse Of Civilians In Ukraine During 'Filtration'". An 11-year-old boy testified to Amnesty International:[31]

> They took my mom to another tent. She was being questioned... They told me I was going to be taken away from my mom... I was shocked... They didn’t say anything about where my mom was going. A lady from Novoazovsk [child protection] service said maybe my mom would be let go... I didn’t get to see my mom... I have not heard from her since.[31]

In December 2022, a report published by the Eastern Human Rights Group and the Institute for Strategic Research and Security concluded that the deportations in Donbas were prepared by the Russian Federation under the guise of "evacuation" ahead of time.[32]

### 2023

[edit]

As early as 28 April 2023 the abductions were a matter of interest at the UNSC.[33]

According to an August 2023 Reuters report, Alexei Petrov, an aide to the office of Russia's presidential commissioner for children's rights, had employed neo-Nazi rhetoric and symbols in his online activity, and associated himself with neo-Nazi, white supremacist, and Russian far-right movements online.[34]

### 2024

[edit]

On 2 February 2024 the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children launched itself with 37 partner nations. It was co-chaired by Ukraine and Canada.[35]

In February 2024 NPR interviewed two formerly kidnapped children after they had been heard by the House Foreign Affairs Committee.[36] Later Rep Susan Wild proposed H.Res 149: "Condemning the illegal abduction and forcible transfer of children from Ukraine to the Russian Federation"; it earned 39 co-sponsors.[37]

In June 2024 Ukrainians became aware that Russia had placed photographs of several of the abductees in an online format.[38]

## Abductions

[edit]

The vast majority of the abducted children have been abducted from southern and eastern Ukraine (Kherson, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk and Mykolaiv regions).[12] According to Ukraine's ombudsman on children's rights, Russia is carrying out the abductions with the goal of supplementing its own population, and that Russia is conducting health examinations on the children in order to integrate only healthy Ukrainian children into the Russian nation.[15]

### Parental separation

[edit]

Some children have been abducted after becoming separated from their parents while fleeing active war zones,[12][14] and some have been abducted after their parents were detained in filtration camps.[12][13] Some children have been abducted and taken to Russia by family friends or relatives seeking financial and material gain from incentives instituted by the Russian state intended to promote adoption of Ukrainian children by Russian families.[39] Ukraine's ombudsman on children's rights has alleged that Russian occupation authorities have used abductions as a punitive measure against parents who disobey occupation authorities, revoking their parental rights as punishment for dissent.[15] Some children are abducted by Russian authorities after their parents are killed by Russian forces, Ukrainian officials have said.[14][15]

### State institutions

[edit]

Children have been abducted from Ukrainian state-run institutions such as orphanages,[14][40][41] group homes,[14] care homes, hospitals,[41] and boarding schools;[42][14] many of the forcibly transferred children were taken from orphanages and group homes.[14] State institutions furthermore lost track of thousands of children in their care amid the turmoil of the war.[43]

Most children in the care of Ukrainian state institutions (including some of those in orphanages[18]) are not orphans but were only temporarily or permanently placed under the care of the state by parents facing personal hardships such as poverty, illness, or addiction. The Ukrainian state facilitates the voluntary temporary or permanent placement of children under the care of state institutions by parents.[14] Some 90% of Ukrainian children living under state care were thus "social orphans" – children with family members who are for various reasons unable to care for them.[12] The United Nations estimated that some 90,000 children resided in state-run homes in Ukraine prior to the 2022 invasion. Regardless of whether the children had living parents or were indeed wards of the state, such forced transfers during wartime likely constitute a war crime.[14]

The BBC said that many of the abducted children were sent to "re-education camps or psychiatric hospitals" in Russia.[44] The Yale School of Public Health have documented a “systematic” effort to brainwash the Ukrainian children.[45]

### Summer camp stays

[edit]

Parents in Russian-occupied areas have been encouraged by Russian occupation authorities, Russian forces, and teachers to send their children to so-called "summer camps"[46] (in fact re-education camps for Ukrainian children) for a respite from the Russo-Ukrainian War. Some parents were pressured to allow their children to go to the camps, while others agreed in order to get their children out of an active war zone, or to take advantage of an opportunity to provide them a free trip (many families that agreed to send their children were economically disadvantaged) or better living conditions amid the ravages of war.[18]

Some of these children have been subsequently detained in the camps indefinitely, while others were returned weeks or months later than promised. Some parents who sent their children to the "summer camps" were subsequently told that their children would be returned only if their parents pick them up in person, but travel between Ukraine and Russia is difficult, dangerous and expensive, some camps are located far from Ukraine (including as far as Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East, which abuts the Pacific coast), and many children are from low-income families that cannot afford the journey (some had to sell their belongings to afford the journey and travel through four countries to collect their children from the camps); even relatives granted power of attorney by parents are not allowed to collect the children, and all men (including parents) of ages between 18 and 60 are forbidden from leaving Ukraine as they are eligible for conscription and additionally risk "filtration" and possible persecution when attempting to enter Russia, so that in practice, in most cases only the mothers are able to retrieve the children. In some instances, camp officials said that the return of children was dependent upon Russia recapturing since liberated Ukrainian territory where the child's family lives, and one child was told that he would not be returned home due to his "pro-Ukrainian views".[18] Some children said they were told they would be given up for adoption or placed into foster homes if their parents did not come to collect them soon.[47] Some children were retrieved through intervention by the Ukrainian government. Parents' ability to communicate with their children during their stay in the camps has been curtailed, and parents have been denied information about their child's status.[18]

## Maltreatment

[edit]

According to witness testimonies obtained by the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, some of the children have experienced poor living conditions, inadequate care, and verbal abuse while living under the custody of the Russian state.[8] Some returned children have attested to harsh punishments and restrictive living conditions while in Russia.[13] The Ukrainian government has claimed that some children have experienced sexual exploitation after being forcibly transferred to Russia.[46] Children detained in summer camps have testified to frequent punishment, bullying by peers, and pressure to sing the Russian anthem.[47]

Abducted children are offered a three month-long rehabilitation with mental health care teams upon returning to Ukraine.[13]

## Russian policies

[edit]

### Adoptions

[edit]

Russian law prohibits adoptions of children who are citizens of other countries by Russian citizens without the consent of the child's home country. In May 2022, Vladimir Putin signed a decree[1] facilitating the granting of Russian citizenship to Ukrainian children to enable their permanent adoption into Russian families - this change represents a legal obstacle to future reunification of the abducted children with their Ukrainian families[1][31] or their repatriation to Ukraine.[31] Orphanages, group homes, and social service agencies are also allowed to file for adoption of abducted children, thus initiating their naturalisation.[43]

The Russian government created a register of Russian families that may adopt Ukrainian children, and a hotline for Russian families seeking to adopt Ukrainian children from Donbas. Adoptive families receive a cash payment for each adopted Ukrainian child that is granted Russian citizenship.[1] Lvova-Belova suggested the creation of a database of Ukrainian (ostensible) orphans to improve matching of these children with prospective adoptive families in occupied Ukraine or Russia, and expressed a wish to systematise the adoption process.[31]

BBC news reported that Sergey Mironov, a Putin ally, had illegally adopted a toddler from a children's home in Ukraine.[48]

### Russification and re-education

[edit]

According to The New York Times, "Russian officials ... made clear that their goal is to replace any childhood attachment to home with a love for Russia".[14] Upon arriving in Russia, the children are placed in homes and subjected to re-education.[49] During the occupation of Novopskov, occupation authorities threatened to deprive parents of parental rights if their child did not attend a school with a Russian curriculum.[50]

In 2022, the Russian government established a large-scale system of at least 43 children's camps in Russia and Crimea (most of which previously served as children's summer resorts) the main purpose of which appears to be "integrating children from Ukraine into the Russian government's vision of national culture, history, and society", according to a report by Yale School of Public Health’s Humanitarian Research Lab.[18] Some children have been placed in summer camps in Belarus that are run by Belarusian state-owned corporations by virtue of a decree issued by the Russo-Belarusian Union State.[51] Children in such camps have been subjected to Russification, Russian state propaganda, and military education (including firearm training). Children have also been provided with formal education in accordance with Russia's educational standards (either at the camps or at local schools) in an effort to steer them towards attending university in Russia.[18]

Parents in Russian-occupied areas are encouraged or coerced to send their children to these camps (described to them as children's "summer camps") for a respite from the war, with the children subsequently subject to indoctrination during their stay and sometimes not returned to the parents as promised. Orphans, children from Ukrainian state institutions, and children who have become separated from their legal guardians due to the conflict are also sent to these camps before their eventual adoption and/or placement in foster care in Russia. At least 6,000 Ukrainian children have attended such camps; analysis of information from public accounts and satellite imagery has indicated the number of children housed in such camps to be far higher.[18]

All levels of the Russian government - federal, regional, and local - are involved in the operation of the camps, and their operation is supported by Russian occupation authorities and proxies, and by members of Russia's civil society and private sector. Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova advocated for the camps.[18]

### Using children for propaganda

[edit]

The Russian state begun using abducted Ukrainian children for propaganda purposes during the War in Donbas.[43] The domestic narrative of the Russian state is that abandoned children are rescued from the ravages of war by the magnanimous Russian state.[12][14][41] The forced transfer of Ukrainian children forms part of a broader propaganda strategy by Vladimir Putin attempting to portray Ukraine as part of the Russian nation, justify the invasion,[14] and bolster support for the war.[41] Abducted children were paraded at a government pro-war rally marking the first anniversary of the invasion, where they were shown thanking Russian soldiers for "saving them".[52] The Russian state has carefully crafted the portrayal of the forced transfers of children to the Russian public. Russian state television has broadcast footage of Russian officials handing out teddy bears to newly arrived abducted children, and Russian officials in Donetsk have invited reporters to events where gifts were handed out to abducted children.[14]

### Preventing repatriation and family reunification

[edit]

Many parents wish to reunite with their children (some do not, either due to financial reasons or previous estrangement). Russian authorities do not make any attempt to contact parents to notify them that their children are in the custody of the Russian state[14] and have refused to cooperate with the Ukrainian government and international organisations in tracking the children.[47] Likewise, they do not release any information regarding the identities of the transferred children, making it difficult for Ukrainian and international authorities to locate and identify the children.[12] The first and last names of the abducted children are also changed, making it even more difficult to track down and identify the children.[53][54]

Ukraine's ombudsman on children's rights has said the process of tracking down abducted children is especially difficult with young children that may not remember where they are from.[15] Even in cases where parents have successfully tracked down their children and formally applied to the Russian authorities to be reunited with them, Russian officials have attempted to pressure or persuade the parents and children to consent to transfer, promising creature comforts and a better life. In cases where parents (or other legal guardian) and children are unable to establish contact or parents are unable or unwilling to personally come collect the children, children are deported to Russia even if they personally express a desire to remain in Ukraine.[14] Abducted children have been lied to by Russian officials about their parents having abandoned them.[1][40]

### Funding

[edit]

For the year of 2024, according to an investigation published in February 2024 by a coalition of journals including VSquare, Delfi, Expressen and Paper Trail Media, Lvova-Belova was scheduled to be paid from the Russian Federation budget the equivalent of €420,000 "for the removal of children from the Special Military Occupation Zone".[55]

## Belarusian involvement

[edit]

The Belarusian state and state-affiliated organisations have actively participated in the forced transfers of Ukrainian children. Ukrainian children have been deported to Belarus where they are held in recreational camps. The National Anti-Crisis Management Group, a Belarusian organisation headed by Belarusian opposition figure Pavel Latushka, used open-source information to report in August 2023 that at least 2,100 Ukrainian children had been transferred to Belarus.[56] According to Latushka, they were being held in summer camps administered by state-owned corporations. He also said that to state documents showed the transfers are being conducted under the authority of the Union State.[57] The transfers of Ukrainian children have been shown on Belarusian state television. There are indications of re-education efforts by the Belarusian state. Much of the information about the child abductions has come from their parents; children that have been deported to Belarus were abducted from regions of Ukraine which were still under Russian occupation as of August 2023, impeding investigations.[56]

According to international humanitarian law, children in war zones should be evacuated to neutral third countries whenever possible; Belarus lent its territory to be used as a staging ground for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[56]

In a July 2023 interview with the Belarusian state TV channel Belarus-1, Dzmitry Shautsou, the head of the Belarus Red Cross, clad in military clothing embellished with the Z symbol, admitted to the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children from Russian-occupied areas to Belarus for “health improvement” reasons, saying that it would continue to do so. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies distanced itself from his statements while expressing "grave concern", demanded a halt to the practice, and launched an investigation by its investigative committee.[58][59]

Belarusian president Lukashenko has dismissed concerns regarding the transfers, suggesting that Ukrainian children were instead being trafficked to Western countries for organ harvesting.[56]

In February 2024, the European Union blacklisted Shautsou, as well as several other persons and organizations from Belarus for their involvement in the Ukrainian child abductions.[60] The United States, Ukraine, Australia and New Zealand have also imposed sanctions in relation to the forced deportations.[61][62][63][64][65]

## Genocide question

[edit]

See also: Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The 1948 Genocide Convention states:

> Article II. In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: ...
> (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.[66]

Russia's kidnapping and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russify them has sometimes been mentioned as meeting the requirements of the Genocide Convention. According to a May 2022 report by the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights in Montreal and the New Lines Institute in Washington, there are "reasonable grounds to conclude" that Russia is in breach of two articles of the 1948 Genocide Convention, among them the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia, in itself a genocidal act.[11]

Genocide scholar Timothy D. Snyder tweeted: "Kidnapping children en masse and seeking to assimilate them in a foreign culture is genocide according to Article 2 Section E of the 1948 genocide convention."[67] Professor in Law Yulia Ioffe wrote that the child abductions satisfy the prima facie elements of the crime of genocide.[68] Lily Muelrath of the University of Wisconsin Law School agreed with such classification,[69] as did Azeem Ibrahim, Research Professor at the Strategic Studies Institute.[70]

British sociologist Martin Shaw included it as just one of several Russian acts in Ukraine amounting to genocide.[71] Criminal law Professors Denys Azarov, Dmytro Koval, Gaiane Nuridzhanian and Volodymyr Venher argued that the permanent separation of Ukrainian children from their families and national identity amounts to a larger plan of the destruction of Ukrainian nation.[72] Others have compared it to a cultural genocide.[73] American-Ukrainian lawyer Askold Lozynskyj identified three attempted genocides against Ukrainian people, the Holodomor, Operation Vistula, and the Russian invasion and attack against Ukraine since 2014, including deportation of Ukrainian children.[74]

In April 2023, the Council of Europe deemed the forced transfers of children as constituting an act of genocide in with an overwhelming majority of 87 in favour of the resolution to 1 against and 1 abstaining.[75]

## Sanctions

[edit]

Russian children's rights commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova has been sanctioned by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.[1]

## Arrest warrants

[edit]

International Criminal Court building at The Hague

Main articles: International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine and ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova

On 17 March 2023, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova, alleging criminal responsibility for the unlawful deportation and transfer of population (children) from occupied areas of Ukraine to Russia.[76][77][78][79][80] It decided that they are covered by articles 8(2)(a)(vii) and article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute and intended by Russia as permanent.[80] The charges carry a potential life sentence.[78] It is the first time the court has issued an arrest warrant against the leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.[77] ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan said, "We must ensure that those responsible for alleged crimes are held accountable and that children are returned to their families and communities. We cannot allow children to be treated as if they are the spoils of war."[78]

## Reactions

[edit]

### Russia

[edit]

Lvova-Belova has claimed that the Russian state is entirely willing to reunite the children with their parents if they come forward.[43]

On 17 June 2023, Vladimir Putin rejected the request of a peace delegation from Africa to return the children back home, saying that "We moved them out of the conflict zone, saving their lives and health."[81]

### Ukraine

[edit]

Ukrainian authorities have claimed Putin's decree to be a way to "legalize the abduction of children from the territory of Ukraine". They have maintained this "grossly violate[s]" the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, and the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.[22]

The Foreign Ministry of Ukraine also believes that the actions may qualify as a forcible transfer of children from one human group to another. In a statement: "The most serious international crimes against children committed by Russian high-ranking officials and servicemen in Ukraine will be investigated, and the perpetrators will be prosecuted. Russia will not be able to avoid the strictest accountability."[22]

By 31 May 2023, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's Ukrainian Service reported that Zelenskiy said 371 deported Ukraine children have been returned by Russia.[82] More than 19,000 children have been deported to Russia.[83]

### United Nations

[edit]

UNICEF Emergency Programs Director Manuel Fontaine told CBS News that UNICEF was "looking into how we can track or help on that", though stating they did not have ability to investigate at the moment.[24]

Michelle Bachelet, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, announced on 15 June 2022 that her agency had started an investigation into allegations of children forcibly deported from Ukraine to the Russian Federation.[84]

On 15 March 2023, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) released a report declaring these forced transfers of children are illegal and a war crime. It broadly gave three categories of deported children: those who lost contact with their parents due to the Russian invasion, those who were separated when their parents were sent to a Russian filtration camp, and those who were in institutions. The report concluded:

> International humanitarian law prohibits the evacuation of children by a party to the armed conflict, with the exception of a temporary evacuation where compelling reasons relating to the health or medical treatment of the children or, except in occupied territory, their safety, so requires. The written consent of parents or legal guardians is required. In none of the situations which the Commission has examined, transfers of children appear to have satisfied the requirements set forth by international humanitarian law. The transfers were not justified by safety or medical reasons. There seems to be no indication that it was impossible to allow the children to relocate to territory under Ukrainian Government control... The Commission has concluded that the situations it has examined concerning the transfer and deportation of children, within Ukraine and to the Russian Federation respectively, violate international humanitarian law, and amount to a war crime.[9]

### Civil society

[edit]

#### France

[edit]

On 21 December 2022, a French NGO, "For Ukraine, for their Freedom and Ours!", submitted via the law firm Vigo a communication to Karim Khan, Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, to contribute to "the investigation opened on 2 March 2022 by the Office of the Prosecutor, upon referral of the situation in Ukraine by a coordinated group of States Parties to the Rome Statute".[85]

#### Ukraine

[edit]

The Ukrainian charitable organization "Save Ukraine", which was established in 2014, it has been instrumental in rescuing and rehabilitating displaced persons and abducted children during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[86]

## See also

[edit]

* War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Save Ukraine – Ukrainian charitable organizationPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Deportation of Ukrainian children to Belarus [ru]
* Canadian Indian residential school system – Schools to assimilate Indigenous children
* Sixties Scoop – Canadian policy of forcibly putting Indigenous children up for adoption
* Cultural genocide – Type of genocide
* Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany – Cultural genocide of children in Nazi Germany
* Lebensborn – Nazi Germany eugenics program
* Little Danes experiment – 1951 Greenlandic social experiment
* Sōshi-kaimei – 1939, 1940 Japanese regulations on names in Korea
* Stolen Generations – Indigenous Australian children forcibly acculturated into White Australian society
* Yemenite Children Affair – Disappearance of thousands of children in 1950s Israel

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Article II. In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: ...
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l El Deeb, Sarah; Shvets, Anastasiia; Tilna, Elizaveta (13 October 2022). "How Moscow grabs Ukrainian kids and makes them Russians". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
2. ^ a b "Audience de Grande Chambre : affaire interétatique concernant des faits qui se sont produits dans l'est de l'Ukraine" (PDF), European Court of Human Rights (in French), 26 January 2022, CEDH 029 (2022), retrieved 20 June 2023
3. ^ a b c Sumlenny, Sergej (27 March 2023). "How the West Tolerated Russia's Kidnapping of Ukrainian Children". European Resilience Initiative Center. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
4. ^ a b c d Діти війни [Children of War]. Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories (in Ukrainian). Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
5. ^ "'Deporting Ukrainian children and "Russifying" them is jeopardizing the future of Ukraine'". Le Monde. 5 August 2022. ISSN 1950-6244. OCLC 833476932. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023. "The forced displacement of minors in Russia is part of Vladimir Putin's project 'to erase the Ukrainian identity and nation,' say a group of intellectuals and child psychiatrists, including Bernard Golse and the anthropologist Véronique Nahoum-Grappe."
6. ^ a b "'Moscow says 700,000 children from Ukraine conflict zones now in Russia'". Reuters. 3 July 2023. "Russia has brought some 700,000 children from the conflict zones in Ukraine into Russian territory, Grigory Karasin, head of the international committee in the Federation Council, Russia's upper house of parliament, said late on Sunday"
7. ^ ""Они могут начать противодействовать» Российские власти боятся детей, насильно вывезенных из Украины. Их пытаются "перевоспитать" и поставить под жесткий цифровой контроль. Расследование «Медузы"". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 11 March 2024. "Точное число украинских детей, насильно вывезенных за время войны в Россию, неизвестно — по данным Киева, речь идет почти о 20 тысячах."
8. ^ a b c Gozzi, Laura (16 March 2023). "Deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia is war crime - UN". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. "Russia's forced deportation of Ukrainian children to areas under its control amounts to a war crime, UN investigators have said."
9. ^ a b Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (15 March 2023), Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine (PDF), United Nations Secretariat, archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2023, retrieved 21 March 2023
10. ^ a b Borger, Julian; Sauer, Pjotr (17 March 2023). "ICC judges issue arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin over alleged war crimes". The Guardian. Washington, D.C. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023. "Arrest warrants issued for Russian leader and his children's rights commissioner for 'unlawful deportation' of Ukrainian children"
11. ^ a b Borger, Julian (27 May 2022). "Russia is guilty of inciting genocide in Ukraine, expert report concludes". The Guardian. Washington, D.C. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023. "Report by 30 internationally recognised scholars finds 'reasonable grounds to conclude' Moscow in breach of Geneva Convention"
12. ^ a b c d e f g h Koshiw, Isobel (17 March 2023). "Putin's alleged war crimes: who are the Ukrainian children being taken by Russia?". The Guardian. Kyiv. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. "What we know about the children behind the indictment of Vladimir Putin and his children's commissioner for abduction"
13. ^ a b c d e Cookman, Liz (17 April 2023). "The Kids Aren't Alright". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bubola, Emma (22 October 2022). "Using Adoptions, Russia Turns Ukrainian Children Into Spoils of War". The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. "Thousands of Ukrainian children have been transferred to Russia. 'I didn't want to go,' one girl told The New York Times from a foster home near Moscow."
15. ^ a b c d e f "Ukraine's abducted children: 'List of suspects will grow' – DW – 03/25/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
16. ^ Barnes, Julian E. (25 April 2023). "The Group That Searches for Missing Ukrainian Children". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
17. ^ "Ukrainian children recount horrors of being kidnapped by Russian soldiers - CBS News". 27 February 2024.
18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Khoshnood, Kaveh; Raymond, Nathaniel A.; Howarth, Caitlin N. (14 February 2023), Russia's Systematic Program for the Re-education & Adoption of Ukraine's Children, Conflict Observatory, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale School of Public Health, archived from the original on 22 March 2023, retrieved 25 March 2023
19. ^ Mark, Michelle (19 March 2022). "Thousands of residents in a besieged Ukrainian city were 'forcibly' taken to Russia, Mariupol city officials say". Business Insider. OCLC 1076392313. Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
20. ^ Sullivan, Rory (22 March 2022). "More than 2,300 children 'kidnapped' by Russian forces, says Ukraine". The Independent. ISSN 1741-9743. OCLC 185201487. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2023. "Claim comes days after Mariupol authorities said thousands of its residents had been deported"
21. ^ Cohen, Rebecca (22 March 2022). "US Embassy accuses Russia of kidnapping children amid reports it's deporting thousands of Ukrainians by force". Business Insider. OCLC 1076392313. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
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32. ^ Росія готувала депортацію українців до початку повномасштабного вторгнення – документи [Russia was preparing the deportation of Ukrainians before the start of a full-scale invasion - documents] (in Ukrainian). ZMINA Center for Human Rights. 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023. "Ukrainian: Депортації на Донбасі готувалися Росією завчасно під виглядом "евакуації", а повномасштабне вторгнення відбулося після потужної інформаційної кампанії, пов'язаної з депортацією перших дітей-сиріт з дитячих будинків на окупованих територіях., lit. 'Deportations in Donbas were prepared by Russia in advance under the guise of 'evacuation', and the full-scale invasion took place after a powerful information campaign related to the deportation of the first orphans from orphanages in the occupied territories.'"
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50. ^ Luhansk civil–military administration (19 January 2023). На Луганщині окупанти погрожують батькам, якщо діти не відвідують школи з навчальною програмою РФ, - ОВА [In Luhansk Oblast, the occupiers threaten parents if their children do not attend schools with the Russian curriculum, - OVA] (in Ukrainian). Luhansk Oblast: Espreso TV. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023. "Ukrainian: У Новопскові, Луганська область, загарбники погрожують позбавленням батьківських прав, якщо дитина не відвідує навчальний заклад із російською програмою, lit. 'In Novopskov, Luhansk region, the invaders threaten to deprive the child of parental rights if the child does not attend an educational institution with a Russian curriculum'"
51. ^ Hopkins, Valerie (22 June 2023). "Belarus Is Fast Becoming a 'Vassal State' of Russia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
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53. ^ Росіяни змінюють імена та прізвища депортованих дітей, що ускладнює їхній пошук, – правозахисники [Russians change the names and surnames of deported children, which makes it difficult to find them - human rights activists] (in Ukrainian). ZMINA Center for Human Rights. 8 December 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Ukrainian: Російські родини, які всиновлюють депортованих з України дітей, примусово змінюють їхні імена, по батькові та прізвища., lit. 'Russian families who adopt children deported from Ukraine forcefully change their names, patronymics, and surnames.'"
54. ^ Адамова, Катерина (30 December 2022). Депортація українських дітей до Росії: хронологія злочину [Deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia: chronology of the crime]. Left Bank (in Ukrainian). Gorshenin Institute. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Ukrainian: Депортація є одним із тяжких злочинів проти людяності, який вчиняє Російська Федерація в ході війни в Україні. Її жертвами стали щонайменше 13 тисяч дітей, але це може бути тільки верхівка айсбергу., lit. 'Deportation is one of the grave crimes against humanity committed by the Russian Federation during the war in Ukraine. At least 13,000 children became its victims, but this may only be the tip of the iceberg.'"
55. ^ Holger Roonemaa; Marta Vunsh; Anastasiia Morozova; Carina Huppertz; Mattias Carlsson; Mart Nigola; Hele-Mai Kulleste (26 February 2024), Kremlin Leaks: Secret Files Reveal How Putin Pre-Rigged his Reelection, VSquare, Wikidata Q124672623, archived from the original on 27 February 2024
56. ^ a b c d Mackinnon, Amy (11 August 2023). "Belarus Is Abducting Ukrainian Children in Plain Sight". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
57. ^ Hopkins, Valerie (22 June 2023). "Belarus Is Fast Becoming a 'Vassal State' of Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
58. ^ "Belarus Red Cross says it helped deport Ukrainian children to Belarus". CNN. 20 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
59. ^ "Belarus Red Cross says it is involved in transfer of children out of Ukraine". The Guardian. 20 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
60. ^ "Belarus' Red Cross Chief Sanctioned by EU For Abducting Ukrainian Children". Kyiv Post. 19 February 2024.
61. ^ "U.S. Targets Belarusian Red Cross Official, Regime's 'Revenue Generators' With Sanctions". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 December 2023.
62. ^ "Dmitry Evgenyevich SHAUTSOV". National Agency on Corruption Prevention.
63. ^ "Talai Aleksei". National Agency on Corruption Prevention.
64. ^ "Local Charitable Foundation named after Alexey Talai". National Agency on Corruption Prevention.
65. ^ "Russia Sanctions Amendment Regulations (No 4) 2024". New Zealand Legislation.
66. ^ "Genocide Convention". United Nations. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
67. ^ Timothy Snyder [@TimothyDSnyder] (1 June 2022). "Kidnapping children en masse and seeking to assimilate them in a foreign culture is genocide according to Article 2 Section E of the 1948 genocide convention" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
68. ^ Yulia Ioffe (2023). "Forcibly Transferring Ukrainian Children to the Russian Federation: A Genocide?". Journal of Genocide Research. 25 (3–4): 315–351\. doi:10.1080/14623528.2023.2228085.3–4&rft.pages=315-351&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/14623528.2023.2228085&rft.au=Yulia+Ioffe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Child+abductions+in+the+Russo-Ukrainian+War" class="Z3988">
69. ^ Lily Muelrath (2024). ""Never Again" Yet Another Genocide: Russia's Unlawful Forced Transfer and Adoption of Ukrainian Children". Academic journal. 41 (2): 119. doi:10.59015/wilj.QZEF9680. ISSN 0743-7951.
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## External links

[edit]

* "Russia abducting Ukrainian children, putting up for adoption in Russia". The Jerusalem Post. 17 October 2022.
* Michela Moscufo; Britt Clennett; Angus Hines (22 November 2022). "Ukrainian families reunite with children they say Russia kidnapped, put up for adoption". US: ABC News.
* Olesia Bida: Uprooted: An investigation into Russia’s abduction of Ukrainian children. In: YouTube, The Kyiv Independent. July 18, 2023 (54 minutes).

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Overview

General|

* Outline
* Timeline
* Prelude
* Feb – Apr 2022
* Apr – Aug 2022
* Aug – Nov 2022
* Nov 2022 – Jun 2023
* Jun – Aug 2023
* Sep – Nov 2023
* Dec 2023 – Mar 2024
* Apr – Jul 2024
* Aug – Dec 2024
* Jan 2025 – present
* Aerial warfare
* Defense lines
* Foreign fighters
* Information war
* Naval warfare
* Legality
* Map
* Order of battle
* Peace negotiations
* Ukraine's Peace Formula
* China peace proposal
* June 2024 peace summit
* Proposed no-fly zone
* Red lines
* Reparations
* Territorial control
* Women

Prelude|

* Reactions
* Disinformation
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
* 2021 Russia–United States summit
* 2021 Black Sea incident
* Belarus–European Union border crisis
* "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"
* Crimea Platform
* Zapad 2021
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks
* Zametil 2022
* Union Resolve 2022
* Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing
* British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
* Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine"
* "On conducting a special military operation"

Background|

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
* Annexation of Crimea
* reactions
* War in Donbas
* 2022 timeline
* Minsk agreements
* humanitarian situation
* international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Putinism
* Foundations of Geopolitics
* Novorossiya
* Ruscism
* Russian irredentism
* Russian imperialism

Foreign
relations|

* Russia–Ukraine
* Belarus–Ukraine
* Belarus–Russia
* Russia–United States
* Ukraine–United States
* Russia–NATO
* Ukraine–NATO
* enlargement of NATO
* eastward expansion controversy in Russia
* open door policy

Military engagements

Southern
Ukraine|

* Snake Island campaign
* Siege of Mariupol
* Battle of Kherson
* Capture of Melitopol
* Battle of Mykolaiv
* Battle of Enerhodar
* Battle of Voznesensk
* Battle of Huliaipole
* Battle of Davydiv Brid
* Kherson counteroffensive
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper campaign
* Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

Eastern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Volnovakha
* Battle of Kharkiv
* Battle of Izium
* Battle of Rubizhne
* Battle of Popasna
* Battle of Marinka
* Battle of Donbas
* Battle of the Siverskyi Donets
* Battle of Sievierodonetsk
* Battle of Lysychansk
* Battle of Pisky
* Battle of Bakhmut
* Battle of Soledar
* Battle of Vuhledar
* Kharkiv counteroffensive
* Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Battle of Avdiivka
* Battle of Chasiv Yar
* Battle of Krasnohorivka
* Battle of Ocheretyne
* Battle of Toretsk
* Pokrovsk offensive
* Battle of Kurakhove

Northern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Antonov Airport
* Capture of Chernobyl
* Battle of Kyiv
* Battle of Hostomel
* Battle of Bucha
* Battle of Irpin
* Battle of Makariv
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Battle of Moshchun
* Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam
* Battle of Brovary
* Battle of Slavutych
* Battle of Sumy
* Siege of Chernihiv
* Northeastern border skirmishes

Russia|

* Bryansk Oblast raid
* Kremlin drone attack
* Moscow drone strikes
* 2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* February 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* May 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* March 2024 western Russia incursion
* 2024 Kursk offensive
* occupation
* Battles for Olgovskiy Forest
* Toropets depot explosions
* 2025 Belgorod Oblast incursion

Airstrikes
by city|

* Chernihiv strikes
* Dnipro strikes
* Ivano-Frankivsk strikes
* Kharkiv strikes
* Kherson strikes
* Khmelnytskyi strikes
* Kryvyi Rih strikes
* Kyiv strikes
* Lviv strikes
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Odesa strikes
* Rivne strikes
* Vinnytsia strikes
* Zaporizhzhia strikes
* Zhytomyr strikes

Airstrikes
on military
targets|

* Chuhuiv air base attack
* Millerovo air base attack
* Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks
* 7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack
* Yavoriv military base attack
* 18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack
* Berdiansk port attack
* Sinking of the Moskva
* Desna barracks airstrike
* Attack on Nova Kakhovka
* Crimea attacks
* Novofedorivka explosions
* Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base
* Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks
* Makiivka military quarters shelling
* Machulishchy air base attack
* Zarichne barracks airstrike

Resistance|

| Russian-occupied Ukraine|

* Popular Resistance of Ukraine
* Berdiansk Partisan Army
* Yellow Ribbon
* Atesh

|

Belarus and Russia|

* Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky
* Civic Council
* Irpin Declaration
* Killing of Darya Dugina
* National Republican Army
* Military commissariats arsons
* Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting
* Black Bridge
* Rail war in Russia
* Stop the Wagons
* Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
* Rail war in Belarus
* Busly liaciać
* BYPOL
* Community of Railway Workers
* Cyber Partisans

Russian
occupations|

* Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine

Ongoing|

* Annexation referendums
* Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
* Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
* Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
* Donetsk Oblast
* Kharkiv Oblast
* Kherson Oblast
* Luhansk Oblast
* Mykolaiv Oblast
* Zaporizhzhia Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2025, reentry)

Previous|

* Chernihiv Oblast
* Kyiv Oblast
* Odesa Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2022)
* Zhytomyr Oblast

Potentially
related|

* Black Sea drone incident
* Mystery fires in Russia
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Transnistria attacks
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash

Other|

* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
* Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike
* Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine
* Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Dragon drone
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Missile explosion in Poland
* Operation Synytsia
* Ukraine and electronic warfare
* Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
* Wagner Group rebellion

War crimes

General|

* Accusations of genocide in Donbas
* Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians
* child abductions
* Attacks on hospitals
* Cluster munitions
* Incendiary weapons
* Landmines
* Russian filtration camps
* Russian mobile crematoriums
* Russian theft of Ukrainian grain
* Russian torture chambers
* Looting
* Sexual violence
* Mistreatment of prisoners of war

Attacks on
civilians|

* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* 3 March Chernihiv bombing
* Irpin refugee column shelling
* Mariupol hospital airstrike
* Stara Krasnianka care house attack
* Mykolaiv cluster bombing
* March 2022 Donetsk attack
* 2022 Borodianka airstrikes
* Chernihiv breadline attack
* Mariupol theatre airstrike
* Kyiv shopping centre bombing
* Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Mykolaiv government building missile strike
* Bucha massacre
* Kramatorsk railway station attack
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Bilohorivka school bombing
* Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz
* Maisky Market attack
* Kremenchuk shopping mall attack
* Serhiivka missile strike
* Chasiv Yar missile strike
* Olenivka prison massacre
* Kharkiv dormitories missile strike
* Chaplyne railway station attack
* Izium mass graves
* September 2022 Donetsk attack
* Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack
* Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling
* Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike
* Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
* Sloviansk airstrike
* Uman missile strike
* Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike
* Chernihiv missile strike
* Kostiantynivka missile strike
* Hroza missile attack
* Volnovakha massacre
* December 2023 strikes
* 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike
* 2024 Donetsk attack
* Lysychansk missile strike
* 6 March 2024 Odesa strike
* March 2024 strikes
* May 2024 Kharkiv strikes
* 8 July 2024 strikes
* 2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack
* 26 August 2024 strikes
* September 2024 Poltava strike
* November 2024 strikes
* 2025 Dobropillia missile strikes

Crimes
against
soldiers|

* Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
* Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia
* Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites
* Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin
* Makiivka surrender incident
* Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi
* 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading

Legal cases|

* ICC investigation
* Arrest warrants
* ICJ court case
* Task Force on Accountability
* Universal jurisdiction
* Crime of aggression
* Criminal proceedings
* Vadim Shishimarin
* Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov
* Anton Cherednik

Reactions

States
and
official
entities|

| General|

* Sanctions
* people and organizations
* restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast
* Military aid
* European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine
* People's Bayraktar
* Signmyrocket.com
* Humanitarian aid
* Sanctioned yachts
* Relations with Russia

|

Ukraine|

* Application to NATO
* Be Brave Like Ukraine
* Brave1
* Bring Kids Back UA [uk]
* Ban on Russia-associated religious groups
* Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War
* Decolonization and derussification law
* Delta
* Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition
* For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)
* Grain From Ukraine
* Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief
* Hero City
* I Want to Live
* International Legion and other foreign units
* Belarusian Volunteer Corps
* Terror Battalion
* Black Maple Company
* Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
* Freedom of Russia Legion
* German Volunteer Corps
* Karelian National Battalion
* Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment
* Norman Brigade
* Pahonia Regiment
* Polish Volunteer Corps
* Romanian Battlegroup Getica
* Russian Volunteer Corps
* Separate Special Purpose Battalion
* Sibir Battalion
* Turan Battalion
* International Sponsors of War
* Forced confiscation law of Russian property [ru; uk]
* Look for Your Own
* Lukoil sanctions
* Martial law
* Mobilization
* Media Center Ukraine
* National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War [uk]
* National Multi-Subject Test [uk]
* North Korea–Ukraine relations
* Points of Invincibility
* Recognition of Ichkeria
* Rescuer City
* Save Ukrainian Culture [uk]
* Syria–Ukraine relations
* Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra
* United24
* United News

Russia|

* highways in the annexed territories
* A290
* A291 "Tavrida"
* R260
* R280 "Novorossiya"
* 2022 Moscow rally
* 2023 Moscow rally
* 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
* Blockade of Ukraine [ru]
* Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion
* Censorship in Russia [ru]
* Chechnya
* Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters
* Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" [ru]
* Conversations about Important Things
* Krasovsky case
* Legalization of parallel imports [ru]
* Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council
* Martial law
* Masha Moskalyova case
* Metropolis of Crimea
* Mikhail Simonov case
* Mobilization
* Recruitment of irregular forces [ru]
* Operation Doppelgänger
* Opinion polling [ru]
* Orthodox Christmas truce proposal
* Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict
* Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war
* Salvation Committee for Peace and Order
* Special Coordinating Council
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Unfriendly countries list
* War censorship laws
* We Are Together. Sports
* "What Russia Should Do with Ukraine"

United States|

* 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw
* 2022 State of the Union Address
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Executive Order 14071
* Pentagon document leaks
* Task Force KleptoCapture
* Ukraine Defense Contact Group
* Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
* Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative

Other countries|

* Belarus
* Canada
* Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel
* China
* Closer ties with Russia
* Chinese peace plan
* Hong Kong
* Croatia
* Denmark
* Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations [ru]
* France
* Mission Aigle
* Georgia
* Germany
* German Taurus controversy
* Taurus leak
* Zeitenwende speech
* Hungary
* India
* Operation Ganga
* Iran
* Closer ties with Russia
* Israel
* Operation Israel Guarantees
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* New Zealand
* Russia Sanctions Act
* North Korea
* Poland
* border crisis with Ukraine
* Syria [ru]
* Taiwan
* United Kingdom
* Economic Crime Act
* Homes for Ukraine
* Operation Interflex
* 2025 London Summit on Ukraine
* Coalition of the willing

United Nations|

* Emergency special session
* Resolution ES-11/1
* Resolution ES-11/2
* Resolution ES-11/3
* Resolution ES-11/4
* Resolution ES-11/5
* Resolution ES-11/6
* Resolution ES-11/7
* Security Council Resolution 2623
* Resolution A/RES/77/229
* Easter truce

International
organizations|

* Accession of Moldova to the EU
* Accession of Ukraine to the EU
* Brussels summit
* European Political Community
* 1st summit
* 2nd summit
* 3rd summit
* Madrid summit
* NATO virtual summit
* Operation Oscar
* Ramstein Air Base meeting
* EU–Ukraine Summit
* REPowerEU
* Steadfast Defender 2024
* SWIFT ban against Russian banks
* Ukraine Recovery Conference
* Versailles declaration
* 2023 Vilnius summit
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2024 Washington summit
* Weimar+

Other|

* Consecration of Russia
* F-16 training coalition
* Finland–NATO relations
* Finland–Russia border barrier
* Iron diplomacy
* Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
* Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state
* Removal of monuments and memorials
* Streets renamed
* Ukraine Square, Oslo
* Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion
* Sweden–NATO relations
* Swedish anti-terrorism bill

Public|

| Protests|

* In Ukraine
* in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin
* ArmWomenNow
* Ukrainian Artistic Front
* In Russia
* Angry patriots
* Club of Angry Patriots
* Anti-War Committee
* Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople
* Congress of People's Deputies
* Council of Mothers and Wives
* Feminist Anti-War Resistance
* Flower protests
* Marina Ovsyannikova
* Russian Action Committee
* North Caucasian protests
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason
* White-blue-white flag
* In Belarus
* In China
* Great Translation Movement
* In Czech Republic
* Czech Republic First!

|

Companies|

* Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
* Boycott of Russia and Belarus
* "Do not buy Russian goods!"
* E.N.O.T. Corp.
* Igor Mangushev
* McDonald's in Russia
* Vkusno i tochka
* NashStore [ru]
* People's Satellite
* Starlink satellites
* Stop Bloody Energy
* Wagner Group
* Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev
* Death of Nemes Tarimo
* Yale CELI List of Companies

Technology|

* Anonymous and the invasion
* alerts.in.ua
* DDoS attacks on Romania
* DeepStateMap.Live
* IT Army of Ukraine
* Killnet
* Liveuamap
* Open-source intelligence
* peacenotwar
* Russian Asset Tracker
* Squad303 [pl]
* Ukraine Siren Alerts
* Wikipedia
* threat to block in Russia
* detention of Mark Bernstein

Spies|

* Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Other|

* Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families
* Black Sea Grain Initiative
* Collaboration with Russia
* We Are Together with Russia
* Concert for Ukraine
* Free Buryatia Foundation
* Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
* Game4Ukraine
* Get Lost
* Global Tour for Peace
* Go by the Forest
* Guide to the Free World
* Mozart Group
* Olena Zelenska Foundation
* Open letter from Nobel laureates
* Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion
* Rubikus.HelpUA
* Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation
* Russia's War Crimes House
* Save Ukraine
* Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online
* Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation
* Spain letter bomb attacks
* Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions
* Pavel Filatyev
* True Russia
* Volos Declaration
* Wimbledon ban

Impact

Effects|

* Aircraft losses
* Casualties
* journalists killed
* Russian generals killed
* Economic impact
* Inflation surge
* 2022 Moldovan energy crisis
* protests
* 2025 Moldovan energy crisis
* Russia–EU gas dispute
* 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Russian debt default
* 2022 Russian oil price cap
* 2022-2024 German economic crisis
* 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap
* EU natural gas price cap
* Education
* End of the Whisky War
* Environmental impact
* European re-armament
* Eurovision Song Contest 2022
* Russia
* Ukraine
* Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Food crises
* Impact on theatre [uk]
* List of notable deaths
* Lukoil oil transit dispute
* Nuclear power plants
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis
* Nuclear risk
* Religion
* Russian emigration
* The Ark
* Ship losses
* Ukrainian cultural heritage
* art theft and looting
* damaged cultural sites
* Trauma
* Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
* Ukrainian energy crisis
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Women

Human
rights|

* Humanitarian impact
* Ukrainian refugee crisis
* Sobieskiego 100
* UN Commission of Inquiry
* UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission

Terms and
phrases|

* "And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from"
* "Anglo-Saxons"
* "Bavovna"
* "Grandpa in his bunker"
* "Good evening, we are from Ukraine"
* "Orc"
* "Putin khuylo!"
* "Khuy Voyne!"
* "Russia is here forever [uk]"
* "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Special military operation"
* "To bomb Voronezh"
* "Strength is in truth"
* "Westsplaining"
* "Where have you been for eight years?"
* "Without you"

Popular
culture|

| Songs|

* "12"
* "Bakhmut Fortress"
* "Bayraktar"
* "Bilia topoli"
* "City of Mary"
* "Flowers of Minefields"
* "Generation Cancellation"
* "Generation Z"
* "I'm Russian"
* "Oyda"
* "Hey, Hey, Rise Up!"
* "Mama ŠČ!"
* "Oi u luzi chervona kalyna"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Stefania"
* "Ukraine"
* "Crushed"

|

Films|

* 20 Days in Mariupol
* A Rising Fury
* Follow Me
* Intercepted
* Russians at War
* Turn in the Wound
* Ukraine on Fire 2 [uk]

Other|

* Babylon'13
* Back to the Cold War
* Borodianka cat [uk]
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Kherson watermelon
* Královec Region
* Madonna of Kyiv
* North Atlantic Fella Organization
* Newspeak in Russia [ru; uk]
* Patron
* "Putler"
* "Putinversteher"
* Raccoon of Kherson
* Saint Javelin
* Saint Mariuburg [ru; uk]
* Vasylkiv maiolica rooster
* Vladimir Putin's meeting table
* Walk of the Brave
* "Z" military symbol

Key people

Ukrainians|

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* speeches during the invasion
* visit to the United States
* visit to the United Kingdom
* visits to Europe
* Andriy Biletsky
* Andriy Yermak
* Denis Pushilin
* Denys Shmyhal
* Denys Kireyev
* Denys Monastyrsky
* Denys Prokopenko
* Iryna Venediktova
* Kyrylo Budanov
* Leonid Pasechnik
* Mykhailo Drapatyi
* Mykola Oleschuk
* Oleksandr Pavlyuk
* Oleksandr Syrskyi
* Oleksii Reznikov
* Oleksiy Danilov
* Oleksiy Neizhpapa
* Ruslan Khomchak
* Rustem Umerov
* Sergiy Kyslytsya
* Serhiy Shaptala
* Serhii Sternenko
* Valerii Zaluzhnyi
* Vasyl Malyuk
* Vitali Klitschko
* Yevhen Moisiuk

Russians|

* Vladimir Putin
* Aleksandr Dvornikov
* Aleksandr Lapin
* Aleksey Dyumin
* Aleksey Nagin
* Alexander Bortnikov
* Andrei Kolesnikov
* Andrei Sychevoi
* Andrey Belousov
* Andrey Vorobyov
* Dmitry Medvedev
* Gennady Zhidko
* Igor Kastyukevich
* Ivan Popov
* Mikhail Mishustin
* Maria Lvova-Belova
* Nikolai Patrushev
* Oleg Salyukov
* Oleg Tsokov
* Ramzan Kadyrov
* Roman Berdnikov
* Rustam Muradov
* Sergey Kobylash
* Sergey Lavrov
* Sergey Naryshkin
* Sergei Shoigu
* Sergey Surovikin
* Timur Ivanov
* Valery Gerasimov
* Viktor Sokolov
* Viktor Zolotov
* Vitaly Gerasimov
* Vyacheslav Gladkov
* Vyacheslav Volodin
* Yevgeny Prigozhin

Other|

* Alexander Lukashenko

Related

* 2023 North Korea–Russia summit
* 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia
* 2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine
* 2025 Putin–Trump call
* Anti-drone mesh
* Anti-Russian sentiment
* Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
* Antonov An-225 Mriya
* Axis of Upheaval
* Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243
* Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
* Decolonization in Ukraine
* Decommunization in Ukraine
* Derussification in Ukraine
* Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
* Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion
* Institute for the Study of War
* Irkutsk Su-30 crash
* Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Kyivstar cyberattack [ru; uk]
* Lady R incident
* Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations
* Nord Stream 2
* Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
* Punisher
* Russian nuclear weapons
* Sarmat
* Russian military presence in Transnistria
* Ryazan Il-76 crash
* Siberian wildfires
* Sinhury mid-air collision [uk; zh]
* Soloti military training ground shooting
* Soviet imagery
* Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support
* Turtle tank
* U-24 association
* Ukrainian-African Renaissance
* Ukrainian conscription crisis
* Western long-range weapons in Russia
* Ural Airlines Flight 1383
* "The Vladimir Putin Interview"
* Voronezh An-26 crash
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Yeysk Su-34 crash
* Yaroslav Hunka scandal

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Russification policy in the territories occupied or annexed by Russia in the 18–21st centuries

By annexed territories|

* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Bessarabia/Moldova
* Finland
* February Manifesto
* Great Russification program
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Poland
* Ukraine
* Crimea

Organizers of Russification|

* Nicholas I
* Alexander II
* Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky
* Pyotr Valuyev
* Alexander III
* Nicholas II
* Nikolay Bobrikov
* Joseph Stalin
* Nikita Khrushchev
* Leonid Brezhnev
* Alexander Lukashenko
* Vladimir Putin

Anti-Russification activists|

* Kastus Kalinouski
* Leo Mechelin
* Eduard Polón
* Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
* Oleksa Hirnyk
* Vasyl Makukh
* Albert Razin
* Zianon Pazniak
* Atner Khuzangai
* Romas Kalanta

Other|

* Belarusian orthography reform of 1933
* Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Ems Ukaz
* Lithuanian press ban
* Russification in modern Russia
* Surzhyk
* Trasianka
* Ukrainian orthography of 1933
* Valuev Circular

Category

* v
* t
* e

Vladimir Putin

* 2nd and 4th President of Russia (2000–2008; 2012–present)
* 33rd Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000, 2008–2012)

Political activities|

* Electoral history
* Presidential elections
* 2000
* campaign
* 2004
* campaign
* 2012
* campaign
* 2018
* campaign
* 2024
* campaign
* First Cabinet
* Second Cabinet
* United Russia
* All-Russia People's Front

Presidency|

* Inaugurations
* first
* second
* third
* fourth
* fifth
* Political groups
* Putinism
* Sovereign democracy
* Speeches
* Munich 2007
* Crimea 2014
* Valdai 2014
* Federal Assembly 2020
* Donetsk and Luhansk 2022
* Ukraine 2022
* Moscow 2022
* Moscow 2023
* Protests
* 2011–2013
* 2014 anti-war protests
* 2017–2018
* 2019 Moscow election protests
* 2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests
* 2021
* 2021 election protests
* 2022 anti-war protests
* Opposition
* Arrest warrant
* Wagner Group rebellion

Domestic policy|

* Legislation and programs
* national champions
* priority projects
* stabilization fund
* Managed nationalism
* Putin's Plan
* 2008–2009 recession
* 2014–2016 financial crisis
* 2022 mobilization

Foreign policy|

* International trips
* President
* Prime Minister
* United States summits
* Slovenia 2001
* Slovakia 2005
* Helsinki 2018
* Geneva 2021
* 2008 Russo-Georgian war
* North Korea summits
* 2019
* 2023
* 2024
* European energy sector
* Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
* Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* 2014 annexation of Crimea
* War in Donbas
* Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 invasion
* 2022 annexations in Ukraine
* 2023 Xi Jinping visit to Russia
* 2024 Vladimir Putin visit to China
* Syrian civil war
* military intervention
* Russian world
* 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange

Family|

* Lyudmila Putina (former wife)
* Maria Vorontsova (daughter)
* Katerina Tikhonova (daughter)
* Pets
* Konni (family dog)
* Spiridon Putin (paternal grandfather)
* Igor Putin (first cousin)
* Roman Putin (son of first cousin)
* Jorrit Faassen (former son-in-law)
* Kirill Shamalov (former son-in-law)
* Svetlana Krivonogikh (alleged mother of another daughter)
* Alina Kabaeva (alleged mother of more Putin children)
* Vera Putina (alleged mother)

Public image|

* Direct Line with Vladimir Putin
* Followers
* Chapel of Russia's Resurrection
* Nashi
* PutinTeam
* Walking Together
* Tributes
* "A man like Putin"
* Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!
* Vladimir Putin Peak
* Criticism
* Grandpa in his bunker
* NTV affair
* Putin khuylo!
* Putin Must Go
* Putin's Palace
* Putin. Corruption
* Putin. War
* Putinland
* Putinversteher
* Putler
* Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy
* Putin: The New Tsar
* Spitting Image
* Putin's Palace
* Meeting table
* Language
* Jokes
* Songs
* Claims of body doubles
* Claims of incapacity and death
* Interviews (Oliver Stone, Tucker Carlson)

* ← Dmitry Medvedev

* ← Boris Yeltsin
* Dmitry Medvedev →

* Category

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