China Coast Guard

Coast guard of China

This article is about China's coast guard. For the coast guard in Taiwan, see Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan).

Law enforcement agency

China Coast Guard
中国人民武装警察部队海警总队

Emblem of China Coast Guard

Racing stripe

Common name| Haijing (海警)

* * *

China Coast Guard Bureau (中国海警局)
Agency overview
Formed| July 2013; 10 years ago (2013-07)
Employees| 16,296 personnel (2018)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction| China
Constituting instrument|

* Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China《中华人民共和国海警法》

General nature|

* Civilian police

Specialist jurisdiction|

* Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.

Operational structure
Headquarters| 1 Fuxingmen Outer Street, Beijing, China
Agency executives|

* PAP Major General Wang Zhongcai [1], Director Commandant of the Coast Guard
* Major General Wang Liangfu, Political commissar

Parent agency| People's Armed Police
Facilities
Boats| 164 cutters
Multiple patrol boats (2018)
Aircraft| Harbin Z-9
Harbin Y-12
Website
www.ccg.gov.cn
China Coast Guard

Simplified Chinese| 中国海警局
Traditional Chinese| 中國海警局
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Zhōngguó Hǎijǐngjú
Haijing ("Coast Guard")
Chinese| 海警
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Hǎijǐng
People's Liberation Army

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China Coast Guard (CCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police of China.[2][3][4]

## History[edit]

The China Coast Guard was formed in 2013 from the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police Border Security Force and the other maritime law enforcement agencies in China.[5] The unified Coast Guard is commanded by the Central Military Commission, and has been in operation since July 2013.[6] On July 1, 2018, the China Coast Guard was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the State Oceanic Administration, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission.[5][7][8]

In June 2018, the China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling.[9]

In 2019, the United States issued a warning to China over aggressive and unsafe action by their Coast Guard and maritime militia.[10]

The Coast Guard Law allows CCG ships to use lethal force on foreign ships that do not obey orders to leave Chinese waters.[11] It took effect on February 1, 2021.[11] In 2023, the Coast Guard used water cannons on Philippines military ships in contested waters.[12]

## Function[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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The CCG is known to perform mostly coastal and oceanic search and rescue or patrols, including anti-smuggling operations. During wartime it may be placed under the operational control of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

### Roles[edit]

Roles of the CCG are diverse but include:

* Patrol of territorial waters and disputed territories
* Anti-smuggling, anti-piracy
* Maritime policing and ship inspections
* Harbor and coastal security
* Research and survey
* Search and Rescue
* Fisheries protection
* Grey-zone operations (often alongside the PLAN and People's Armed Forces Maritime Militia)[13]

### Command[edit]

After the reform in 2018, CCG consists of three commands (sub-bureaus), subdivided into detachments (local bureaus). The name in the parentheses is for general use.

* People's Armed Police Coast Guard Corps East China Sea Command (China Coast Guard East China Sea Subbureau)  Sub-corps grade unit
* Jiangsu Detachment (江苏支队) (Jiangsu Coast Guard Bureau)
* Shanghai Detachment (上海支队) (Shanghai CGB)
* Zhejiang Detachment 浙江支队 (Zhejiang CGB)
* Fujian Detachment 福建支队 (Fujian CGB)
* 1st Detachment 第一支队 (1st Directly Subordinate Bureau)
* 2nd Detachment 第二支队 (2nd DB)
* 1st Air Wing 第一航空大队
* PAPCGC South China Sea Command (CCG South China Sea Subbureau)
* Guangdong Detachment 广东支队 (Guangdong CGB)
* Guangxi Detachment 广西支队 (Guangxi CGB)
* Hainan Detachment 海南支队 (Hainan CGB)
* 3rd Detachment 第三支队 (3rd DB)
* 4th Detachment 第四支队 (4th DB)
* 5th Detachment 第五支队 (5th DB)
* 2nd Air Wing 第二航空大队
* PAPCGC North China Sea Command (CCG North China Sea Subbureau)
* Liaoning Detachment 辽宁支队 (Liaoning CGB)
* Tianjin Detachment 天津支队 (Tianjin CGB)
* Hebei Detachment 河北支队 (Hebei CGB)
* Shandong Detachment 山东支队 (Shandong CGB)
* 6th Detachment 第六支队 (6th DB)
* 3rd Air Wing 第三航空大队

### Training[edit]

The Chinese Coast Guard conducts periodic joint-training sessions with other navies, including the US Coast Guard service.[14] The Chinese Coast Guard has also participated in the annual North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum in Alaska, along with US, Canadian, Japanese, South Korean, and Russian Coast Guards. As part of an exchange program, members of the Chinese Coast Guard service have been assigned to serve on U.S. Coast Guard cutters.[15]

Badge of China Coast Guard before 2013, when part of the PAP Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security.

## Equipment[edit]

Main article: Equipment of the China Coast Guard

### Vessels[edit]

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China Coast Guard Shucha II-class Cutter Haijing 3306.

Chinese Coast Guard ships are painted white with blue stripe and wording China Coast Guard in English and Chinese.

Typical Coast Guard ships include the 130 ton Type 218 patrol boat (100 boats), armed with twin 14.5mm machine guns, assorted speedboats, and few larger patrol ships. Up until very recently,[when?] the largest ship in Chinese Coast Guard service was the 1,500 ton Type 718 cutter (31101 Pudong).

In March 2007, it was reported that the PLAN had transferred 2 Type 728 cutter (44102, ex-509 Changde; 46103, ex-510 Shaoxing) to the Coast Guard and re-numbered them as 1002 & 1003\. At the time these ships were the largest vessels in the China Coast Guard inventory.

In May 2017, it was reported that China had deployed the 12,000 ton Zhaotou-class patrol cutter China Coast Guard (CCG) 3901 cutter No. 1123 to patrol its claimed islands in the disputed South China Sea.[16][17] The CCG 3901 cutter is the world's biggest coast guard cutter, and is larger than the U.S. Navy's 9,800 ton Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers and its 8,300-9,300 ton Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers.[18] The CCG 3901 cutter is armed with 76mm H/PJ-26 rapid fire naval guns, two auxiliary guns, and two anti-aircraft guns.[additional citation(s) needed]

Between mid 2021 and January 2023, the Coast Guard received 22 coastal defense Type 056 corvettes transferred from the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy.[19] CCG ships are named "Haijing-XX", where XX is a number.

## Personnel[edit]

CCG ships are staffed by People’s Armed Police personnel.[20] China Coast Guard Academy is a dedicated institution that provides training for personnels to enter the CCG.[21]

## See also[edit]

* China portal
* Transport portal

* Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)
* People's Armed Police
* People's Liberation Army Navy
* People's Liberation Army Navy Coastal Defense Force
* China Maritime Safety Administration takes on the navigation safety and control duties, including harbormaster powers in most ports. It was not merged with the new coast guard in 2013.
* China Marine Surveillance Defunct in July 2013. The present China Coast Guard is a unified force that conducts law-enforcement operations in waters administered by China.
* People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia

## References[edit]

1. ^ Deployment arrangement from State Council of the People's Republic of China
2. ^ "中华人民共和国海警法 The Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
3. ^ Cave, Damien (13 June 2023) [12 June 2023]. "China Creates a Coast Guard Like No Other, Seeking Supremacy in Asian Seas". The New York Times.
4. ^ Gain, Nathan (2 September 2020). "US DoD Releases Annual Report On Chinese Military Power". NAVALNEWS.
5. ^ a b Miura, Kacie. "The Domestic Sources of China's Maritime Assertiveness Under Xi Jinping" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
6. ^ Defense News
7. ^ – Articles – China's coast guard to be under military police Archived 2018-03-22 at the Wayback Machine NHK World, March 22nd 2018
8. ^ Tate, Andrew (June 26, 2018). "Control over China Coast Guard to be transferred to CMC". Jane's Information Group. "Legislation passed by the National People's Congress (NPC) on 22 June will implement changes announced in March that the CCG will come under the control of the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) and, ultimately, the command of China's Central Military Commission (CMC)."
9. ^ Wei, Changhao (22 June 2018). "NPCSC Defers Vote on E-Commerce Law, Grants Law Enforcement Powers to Military-Controlled Coast Guard". NPC Observer. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
10. ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri; Hille, Kathrin (28 April 2019). "US warns China on aggressive acts by fishing boats and coast guard". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
11. ^ a b Tian, Yew Lun (22 January 2021). "China authorises coast guard to fire on foreign vessels if needed". Reuters.
12. ^ "Philippines accuses China of water cannon attack in Spratly Islands". The Guardian. 2023-08-06. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
13. ^ Chan, Eric (2 June 2021). "Escalating Clarity without Fighting: Countering Gray Zone Warfare against Taiwan (Part 2)". globaltaiwan.org. The Global Taiwan Institute. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
14. ^ "Logon Form". Archived from the original on 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
15. ^ "RealClearPolitics - Articles - U.S. Coast Guard Has Chinese aboard". www.realclearpolitics.com.
16. ^ Ryan Pickrell (2017-05-11). "China Sent A 'Monster' Ship To Roam The South China Sea". The National Interest. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
17. ^ "南海区2017年度西沙海域海岛保护联合执法行动圆满完成". South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration. 2017-05-04. Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
18. ^ Charissa Echavez (2017-05-12). "China Deploys World's Biggest Coast Guard Cutter CCG 3901 to Patrol South China Sea". China Topix. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
19. ^ Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China (PDF). Department of Defense (Report). 2020. p. 53.
20. ^ "China Coast Guard". sinodefence.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
21. ^ "China Coast Guard Academy". China Defence Universities Tracker. International Cyber Policy Centre, Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 29 October 2019.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to China Coast Guard.

* Official website

Places adjacent to China Coast Guard

|  | Republic of Korea Coast Guard | Japan Coast Guard

|
|

|  |
Mainland China |

China Coast Guard

| Republic of China Coast Guard
|  |
| Vietnam People's Coast Guard | Philippine Coast Guard

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Operations|

* Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (1950–53)
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* Red August (1966)
* Shadian incident (1975)
* 1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign (1983–87)
* Persecution of Falun Gong (1999)
* 6521 Project (2009)
* Anti-corruption campaign (2012–)
* Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism (2014–)
* Operation Fox Hunt (2014–)
* 709 crackdown (2015)
* Abroad
* Information operations and information warfare
* United States

Other topics|

* 2011 crackdown
* 610 Office
* Black jails
* Capital punishment
* Censorship
* Central Case Examination Group
* Civil Servant-Family Pair Up
* Death sentence with reprieve
* Great Cannon
* Grid-style social management
* Hong Kong national security law
* List of Hong Kong national security cases
* Human rights
* Tibet
* Macao
* Hong Kong
* Internet censorship
* Inciting subversion of state power
* Judicial system
* Judiciary of Hong Kong
* Judiciary of Macau
* Laogai
* Life imprisonment
* Penal system
* PLA Unit 61398
* Political offences
* Picking quarrels and provoking trouble
* Re-education through labor
* Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location
* Soft detention
* Shuanggui
* Two-faced person
* Persecution of Uyghurs in China
* Xinjiang internment camps
* Holistic security concept

* v
* t
* e

People's Liberation Army

General|

* History
* Modernization
* Budget
* Equipment
* Decorations
* Generals
* Weapons of mass destruction
* Information operations and information warfare

Branches|

| Ground|

* Structure
* Equipment

* * *

* Infantry [zh]
* Armored forces [zh]
* Artillery [zh]
* Air defense [zh]
* Aviation
* aircraft
* Engineers [zh]
* Chemical defense [zh]
* Special operations units

|

Navy|

* Organization
* Weaponry
* History

* * *

* Branches: Surface
* ships
* aircraft carriers
* Submarine
* Coastal Defense
* Naval Air
* aircraft
* Marine Corps
* special operations units

* * *

* Fleets: North Sea
* East Sea
* South Sea

Air|

* Aviation
* aircraft
* airbases
* Air Defense
* Airborne Corps
* special operations units

Rocket|

* Missile operation units
* Rocket Force corps of engineers [zh]
* Special operations units

Arms|

| Aerospace|

* Astronaut Corps
* astronauts
* Deep Space Network

|

Cyberspace|

* Cyberspace Force
* Network Systems Department [zh]

Information|

* Information Support Force

Joint Logistics Support|

* Wuhan Joint Logistics Support Base [zh]

Structure|

| Central Military
Commission|

* Chairman
* Vice-Chairmen
* General Office
* Joint Staff
* Intelligence Bureau
* Guard Bureau
* Guard Unit
* Political Work
* Logistic Support
* Equipment Development
* Manned Space Agency
* Training and Administration
* National Defense Mobilization
* Discipline Inspection
* Strategic Planning
* Reform and Organizational Structure
* International Military Cooperation
* Audit Office
* Offices Administration

|

Theater
Commands|

* Eastern
* Southern
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Western
* Tibet
* Northern
* Central

Military regions
(defunct)|

* Shenyang
* Beijing
* Lanzhou
* Jinan
* Nanjing
* Guangzhou
* Chengdu

Ranks|

* Ground Force
* Navy
* Air Force

Uniform|

* Xingkong (camouflage)
* Type 07
* Type 99 (camouflage)
* Type 97 Service Dress

Institutions|

* Academy of Military Science
* National Defence University
* National University of Defense Technology
* Army Command College
* PLA Air Force Aviation University

* Academic institutions of the armed forces of China

Publications|

* PLA Daily
* August First Film Studio
* CCTV-7
* The Science of Military Strategy
* Defense White Paper

Paramilitary|

* People's Armed Police
* China Coast Guard
* Special police units
* Snow Leopard Commando Unit
* Mountain Eagle Commando Unit
* Militia
* Maritime Militia
* Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

Contractors|

* China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation
* China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation
* Norinco
* China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation
* China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
* Poly Technologies
* Seven Sons of National Defence

* Armed conflicts
* Korean War
* Authorized defense products dealer

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