China National Radio

National radio station of the People's Republic of China

China National Radio
中央人民广播电台

The China National Radio Headquarters (CMG Fuxingmen Office Area)

Country|

China

Headquarters| Beijing, China
Ownership
Owner|  China Media Group
(Government of the People's Republic of China)
History
Launch date| 5 December 1949 (1949-12-05)

Former names

* Yan'an Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Shanbei Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Peiping Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Peking Xinhua Broadcasting Station
* Central People's Broadcasting Station

Coverage
Stations| 17 terrestrial stations
4 digital radio channels
Links
Website| www.cnr.cn
China National Radio

Simplified Chinese| 中央人民广播电台
Traditional Chinese| 中央人民廣播電台
Literal meaning| Central People's Broadcasting Station
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Zhōngyāng Rénmín Guǎngbō Diàntái

Politics of China

Leadership

Leadership generations
Succession of power

* Hu–Wen Administration (2002-2012)
* Xi–Li Administration (2012-2017)
* Xi's general secretaryship (since 2012)
* 4th Leadership Core: Xi Jinping
* 20th Party Politburo: Xi Jinping
* 14th State Council: Li Qiang
* Current state leaders
* Current provincial leaders

Party and state leaders
Orders of precedence

* Paramount leader: Xi Jinping

First lady: Peng Liyuan

* Communist Party leader: Xi Jinping
* State representative: Xi Jinping
* Head of government: Li Qiang
* Congress Chairman: Zhao Leji
* Conference Chairman: Wang Huning
* Commander-in-chief: Xi Jinping
* Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members

Related systems

* Unified power
* Democratic centralism
* Collective leadership
* Organization Department
* Elections
* Civil service

* Constitution
* Law

* Constitution

Previous constitutions

* 1954
* 1975
* 1978

* "People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)

* Democratic centralism (Article 3)
* Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
* Protection of human rights (Article 33)
* Freedom of religion (Article 36)
* Highest state organ of power (Article 57)

* * *

* Chinese legal system
* Civil law tradition
* Socialist law tradition
* Laws
* Legislation Law
* List of statutes

* * *

* General Principles of the Civil Law (to 2020)
* Civil Code (from 2021)
* Marriage Law
* Labour law
* Labour Law
* Labour Contract Law
* Property law
* Property Law
* Intellectual property law
* Patent law

* * *

* Administrative law
* Administrative Procedure Law

* * *

* Criminal law
* Capital punishment
* Capital offences
* Death sentence with reprieve

Communist Party

History

* Principal leaders

Constitution and ideology

*     * Admission Oath (Article 6)
* Socialism with Chinese characteristics

* Communism
* Marxism–Leninism
* Mao Zedong Thought
* Deng Xiaoping Theory

Primary stage of socialism
Four Cardinal Principles
* Three Represents
* Scientific Outlook on Development

Harmonious Socialist Society

* Xi Jinping Thought

Chinese Dream
* Democracy
* Whole-process people's democracy

Organization

*     * National Party Congress (20th)
* Central Committee (20th)

General Secretary (list)

Xi Jinping
* Central Politburo (20th)

Standing Committee (20th)

* Central Secretariat (20th)
* First-ranked secretary: Cai Qi
* Central Military Commission

Chairman: Xi Jinping

Vice Chairmen:

Zhang Youxia, He Weidong
* National Security Commission

Chairman: Xi Jinping

Vice-Chairman:

Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Cai Qi

Office Chief: Cai Qi

* Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission

Director: Xi Jinping

Deputy Directors:

Li Qiang, Wang Huning, Cai Qi

Secretary-General: Wang Huning

* Financial & Economic Affairs Commission

Director: Xi Jinping

Deputy Director: Li Qiang

Office Chief: He Lifeng

* General Office

Director: Cai Qi
* Office of the General Secretary

Director: Han Shiming
* Central Guard Bureau
* Central Guard Unit
* Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
* Organization Department

Head: Shi Taifeng
* Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (20th)
* Standing Committee (20th)

Secretary: Li Xi
* Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission

Secretary: Zhang Shengmin
* Central Leading Group for Inspection Work

Leader: Li Xi

* * *

* Provincial committee
* Standing committee

Secretary
Deputy secretaries
* Party group

National People's Congress (14th)

* Elections
* Democracy
* System of people's congress
* Standing Committee (14th)
* Council of Chairpersons

Chairman: Zhao Leji

Vice-Chairpersons

Top-ranked: Li Hongzhong
Secretary-General: Liu Qi
* Special Committees
1. Ethnic Affairs
2. Constitution and Law
3. Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
4. Financial and Economic Affairs
5. Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
6. Foreign Affairs
7. Overseas Chinese Affairs
8. Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation
9. Agriculture and Rural Affairs
10. Social Development Affairs
* Presidium

State representative

*     * President (list): Xi Jinping

* Presidential Office

Chief: Han Shiming
* Vice President: Han Zheng

Executive organ

*     * State Council (Central People's Government)
* Li Qiang Cabinet

Premier (list): Li Qiang

Vice-Premiers (list)

* Ding Xuexiang
* He Lifeng
* Zhang Guoqing
* Liu Guozhong

State Councilors

* Wang Xiaohong
* Wu Zhenglong
* Shen Yiqin

Secretary-General: Wu Zhenglong

* Cabinet-level departments
* National Development & Reform Commission
* Central bank
* National Audit Office
* General Office

Secretary-General
Deputy Secretaries-General
* State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
* most Central Enterprises

Military organ

*     * Central Military Commission (CMC)

Chairman (supreme commander):

Xi Jinping
Vice Chairmen:

* Zhang Youxia
* He Weidong

Members:

* Liu Zhenli
* Miao Hua
* Zhang Shengmin

Departments:
1. General Office

Director: Zhong Shaojun
2. Joint Staff Dept.

Chief: Liu Zhenli
3. Political Work Dept.

Director: Miao Hua
4. Logistic Support Dept.

Director: Zhang Lin
5. Equipment Development Dept.

Director: Xu Xueqiang
6. Training and Administration Dept.

Director: Wang Peng
7. National Defense Mobilization Dept.

Director: Liu Faqing
8. Discipline Inspection Commission

Secretary: Zhang Shengmin
9. Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
10. Science and Technology Commission
11. Strategic Planning Office
12. Reform & Organizational Structure Office
13. Int'l Military Cooperation Office
14. Audit Office
15. Offices Administration Agency
National armed forces:

People's Liberation Army

Theater commands
People's Armed Police

1st Mobile Contingent
2nd Mobile Contingent
China Coast Guard
Militia
* State Council

National Defense Mobilization Commission

Chairman: Li Qiang

Ministry of National Defense

Minister: Dong Jun

Ministry of Veterans Affairs
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense

Military history
* Armed conflicts
* Military modernization
* Military reform since 2015
* CMC Leading Group for Military Reform

Leader: Xi Jinping

Supervisory organ

*     * National Supervisory Commission

Director: Liu Jinguo

* * *

* Corruption in China
* Anti-corruption campaign since 2012

* * *

* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

* * *

* Commission Against Corruption (Macau)

Judicial organs

*     * Supreme People's Court

President: Zhang Jun

People's Courts Judicial Police
* Supreme People's Procuratorate

Procurator-General: Ying Yong

People's Procuratorates Judicial Police

* * *

* Judiciary of Hong Kong
* Court of Final Appeal
* Department of Justice
* Prosecutions Division
* Law enforcement in Hong Kong
* Disciplined Services
* Security Bureau
* Hong Kong Police Force

* * *

* Judiciary of Macau
* Court of Final Appeal
* Public Prosecutions Office
* Secretariat for Security
* Macau Security Force
* Unitary Police Services [zh]
* Public Security Police
* Judiciary Police [zh]

United front

* System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation
* Political Consultative Conference
* National Committee (14th)

Chairman: Wang Huning

Vice-Chairpersons

Top-ranked: Shi Taifeng
Secretary-General: Wang Dongfeng
* Political parties:

CCP (ruling)

United Front Work Department

Head: Li Ganjie
Democratic parties

* RCCK
* CDL
* CNDCA
* CAPD
* CPWDP
* CZGP
* JS
* TDSL

Historical parties:

* KMT
* CDSP
* YCP

* Federation of Industry and Commerce
* People's organizations

* Law enforcement

* CCP Central Politics and Law Commission

Secretary: Chen Wenqing

* Enforced disappearance
* Ministry of Public Security

Minister: Wang Xiaohong

Public Security Organs People's Police
* State Immigration Administration
* Local public security bureaus
* Ministry of State Security

Minister: Chen Yixin

State Security Organs People's Police
* Ministry of Justice

Minister: He Rong

Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
People's Armed Police

1st Mobile Contingent
2nd Mobile Contingent
China Coast Guard
* Bureau of Prison Administration [zh]
* Office for Safeguarding National Security

* * *

* Urban Management (chengguan)

Propaganda

* Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture

Leader: Cai Qi

Deputy Leaders: Li Shulei, Shen Yiqin

* Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization

Director: Cai Qi

Deputy Director: Li Shulei

* Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party

Head: Li Shulei

* General Administration of Press and Publication
* China Film Administration
* State Council Information Office
* China Daily
* Ministry of Culture and Tourism
* National Radio and Television Administration
* China Media Group
* China Central Television
* China Global Television Network
* China National Radio
* China Radio International
* Xinhua News Agency
* Reference News
* China News Service
* People's Daily
* Global Times
* China Today

* * *

* Censorship in China
* Great Cannon
* Great Firewall
* Overseas censorship
* Radio jamming
* Media of China
* Internal media
* International communication centers
* Publishing industry in China

* * *

* Internet in China
* Internet censorship
* Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission

Director: Cai Qi

* Cyberspace Administration of China

Director: Zhuang Rongwen

* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

Leader: Ding Xuexiang
* HK & Macau Affairs Office

Director: Xia Baolong
* Hong Kong Liaison Office
* Macau Liaison Office
* One country, two systems
* Special administrative regions

* * *

* Hong Kong Basic Law
* Chief Executive: John Lee Ka-chiu
* Hong Kong SAR Government
* Politics of Hong Kong
* Pro-Beijing camp
* Pro-democracy camp
* Independence movement
* Mainland & HK CEPA

* * *

* Macao Basic Law
* Chief Executive: Ho Iat-seng
* Macau SAR Government
* Politics of Macau
* Mainland & Macau CEPA

Cross-strait relations

* Cross-strait relations
* Chinese Civil War
* One China
* Political status of Taiwan
* Republic of China on Taiwan
* Taiwan Area
* "Taiwan Province", PRC
* Taiwan independence movement
* Anti-Secession Law
* Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
* Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
* Chinese unification

* * *

* Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs

Leader: Xi Jinping
Deputy Leader: Wang Huning
* Taiwan Affairs Office

Director: Song Tao
* Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits

Foreign relations

* Central Foreign Affairs Commission

Director: Xi Jinping
Deputy Director: Li Qiang
Secretary-General: Wang Yi
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Wang Yi
Spokespersons
Diplomatic missions

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of China / in China

* * *

* Foreign aid from China / to China
* International Development Cooperation Agency
* Ministry of Commerce
* Exim Bank of China
* China Development Bank
* Belt and Road Initiative
* Silk Road Fund
* Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
* BRICS
* New Development Bank

* * *

* Ministry of National Defense
* International Military Cooperation Office

* * *

* NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
* CCP International Department
* State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
* Overseas Chinese Affairs Office

* * *

* Chinese nationality law
* Chinese passports (Hong Kong; Macau)
* Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong, Macau)
* Visa policy of China (Hong Kong; Macau)
* National Immigration Administration

* * *

* Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
* Panda diplomacy
* Beijing Consensus
* Community of Common Destiny

* * *

* China and the United Nations
* China and the World Trade Organization
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

* * *

* China–Africa relations
* China–Arab relations
* China–Caribbean relations
* China–European Union relations
* China–Latin America relations
* China–Pacific relations
* China–Russia relations
* China–United States relations

Related topics

* Administrative divisions
* Chinese information operations
* Ethnic minorities
* Family planning
* Hukou system
* Human rights in China
* Chinese intelligence activity abroad

China portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

China National Radio (CNR; Chinese: 中央人民广播电台) is the national radio network of China, headquartered in Beijing. CNR forms the national radio service of the state-owned China Media Group (also known as the "Voice of China").

## History

[edit]

The infrastructure began with a transmitter from Moscow to set up its first station in Yan'an (延安). It used the call sign XNCR ("New China Radio") for broadcasts, and is the first radio station set up by the Chinese Communist Party in 1940.[1]

In the west, it was known as the Yan'an New China Radio Station (延安新华广播电台) broadcasting two hours daily.[1] In China, it was called the Yan'an Xinhua Broadcasting Station, which was established on 30 December 1940.[2]

On 25 March 1949, it was renamed Shanbei Xinhua Broadcasting Station (陕北新华广播电台) after it departed from Yan'an. It began to broadcast in Beiping under the name of Peiping Xinhua Broadcasting Station (北平新华广播电台). On December 5, 1949, it was officially named to Central People's Broadcasting Station, two months after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The station offered 15.5 hours of daily programming broadcast to most parts of China.[1]

Mao Zedong emphasized that all citizens should listen to the station on 5 May 1941. The "Central Press and Broadcasting Bureau" was the driver in pushing all schools, army units, and public organizations of all levels to install loud public speakers and radio transmitters.[1] By the 1960s, 70 million speakers were installed reaching the rural population of 400 million.[1]

The Central People's Broadcasting Station innovated wired transmissions, which were linked to the commonly found telephone poles hanging with loud speakers. Local stations were usually located in county seats or in individual factories or production brigades.[3] It was part of Mao's ideology of delivering "Politics on Demand". The station served as the headquarters for propaganda during the Cultural Revolution.[1]

During the Cultural Revolution, Central Radio offered extensive daily programming schedules, beginning with The East is Red.[4] The majority of the daily schedule consisted of news and cultural programming, broken up with specialized programs on topics like morning calisthenics, children's shows, and broadcasts of military interest.[3]

The station later adopted China National Radio as its English name.[2]

## Services

[edit]

### Radio stations

[edit]

Station | Description | Freq

|
|

News Radio
(literally: Voice of China[note 1])
中国之声 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ.kwǒ.ʈʂɻ̩̀.ʂə̀ŋ]
CNR 1 | Flagship radio station of CNR. Mainly news and commentaries, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 02:05-04:25 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday.

Major programmes: News and Newspapers Summary (新闻和报纸摘要), National News Simulcast (全国新闻联播), News Live (新闻进行时)

| see list
Business Radio
经济之声 [tɕíŋ.tɕî.ʈʂɻ̩̀.ʂə̀ŋ]
CNR 2 | Mainly business news, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday |

* MW: 630, 855, 900, and 1116
* SW: 3985, 6010, 9620, 12080, 15270 etc.
* FM: 96.6 in Beijing, 91.4 in Shanghai, 106.6 in Guangzhou, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)

Music Radio
音乐之声 [ín.ɥê.ʈʂɻ̩́.ʂə́ŋ]
CNR 3 | Chinese and World pop music on FM in many main cities in China, broadcasting during 05:55-00:05 next day (UTC+8, except 14:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) | FM 90.0 in Beijing, FM 107.7 in Shanghai, FM 87.4 in Guangzhou, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)
Golden Radio
经典音乐广播
CNR 4 | Previously known as Metro Radio (都市之声). Mainly classical, ethnic and retro music, broadcasting during 04:55-01:05 next day (UTC+8, except 13:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) | FM 101.8 in Beijing
Cross-Strait Radio
台海之声
CNR 5 | The first Taiwan service, broadcasting in Mandarin. Mainly news, entertainment, talk, during 04:55-01:05 next day (UTC+8) |

* MW: 549, 765, 837, and 1116
* SW: 5925, 7385, 9410, 9665, 9685, 11620, and 11935
* FM: 102.3 in Fuzhou, Putian, eastern coastal areas of Quanzhou and Matsu; 94.9 in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, south part of Quanzhou and Kinmen

Shenzhou Easy Radio (literally: Sound of the Divine Land)
神州之声
CNR 6 | The second Taiwan service, broadcasting in dialects including Hakka, Southern Min and entertainment in Mandarin, during 05:55-00:05 next day (UTC+8) |

* MW: 684, 909, and 1089
* SW: 6165, 9420, 11905, and 15710
* FM: 106.2 in Fuzhou, Putian, eastern coastal areas of Quanzhou and Matsu; 107.9 in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, south part of Quanzhou and Kinmen

Radio The Greater Bay
粤港澳大湾区之声
CNR 7 | Zhujiang delta, Hong Kong and Macao Service, broadcasting in Cantonese (some programmes may mix Mandarin), Teochew and Hakka, during 04:55-02:00 next day (UTC+8, except 14:00-17:00 on every Tuesday) |

* MW: 1215 in Pearl River Delta
* SW: 7345, 9745, 13770, and 15550 in South China
* FM: 101.2 in Zhongshan, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong; 98.0 in Guangzhou; 93.2 in Foshan and Zhaoqing; 105.4 in Zhuhai and Macau; and 102.8 via RTHK relay

Ethnic Minority Radio
民族之声
CNR 8 | The Minorities Service, including Korean and Mongolian service, broadcasting during 05:00-23:05 (UTC+8) |

* MW: 1143 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00), 1017 and 1143 (in Korean, airing during 14:00–19:00 for 1017, and 14:00–23:00 for 1143) (transfer CRI Korean radio during 05:00–07:00, and 19:00–23:00 for 1017)
* SW: 9610 and 11810 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00), 5975 and 9785 (in Korean, airing during 14:00–23:00)
* FM: 104.5 (in Mongolian, airing during 05:00–14:00, transfer CNR 16 on other times)

May transferred by IMRBN General News during 11:00–12:00, or by other local radio channels in Inner Mongolia. May transferred by Yanbian Korean Radio during 20:00–21:00

Story Radio
文艺之声
CNR 9 | Literature and entertainment programmes, broadcasting during 05:00-02:00 next day (UTC+8, except 13:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) | FM 106.6 in Beijing
Senior Citizen Radio
老年之声
CNR 10 | For the elderly, including entertainment, health programmes, etc., broadcasting during 04:25–02:05 next day (UTC+8, except 14:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) | FM 104.4 and AM 1053 in Beijing
Tibetan Radio
藏语广播
CNR 11 | Tibetan service, broadcasting during 05:55–00:05 next day (UTC+8) |

* MW: 1098
* SW: 3990, 6010, 9480, 11685, 15570, etc.
* FM: 105.7 in Lhasa

Reading Radio
阅读之声
CNR 12 | Audio reading, broadcasting during 05:00-02:00 next day (UTC+8, except 13:05-16:55 on every Tuesday) | AM 747 in Beijing
Uyghur Radio
维吾尔语广播
CNR 13 | Uyghur service, broadcasting during 07:55-02:05 next day (UTC+8) |

* MW: 1422 in Kashgar, 1098 in Beijing
* SW: 6120, 9655, 13700, 15390, etc.

Hong Kong Edition
香港之声
CNR 14 | Broadcasting in Hong Kong only, in Mandarin, Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday | on AM 675 (relayed by RTHK) and FM 87.8 in Hong Kong and Shenzhen
China Traffic Radio
中国交通广播
CNR 15 | Broadcasting nationwide on highways, offering highway information, broadcasting 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday | FM 99.6 in Beijing, Tianjin, FM 101.2 in Hebei, FM 95.5 in Shanghai, FM 90.5 in Hunan, etc. (Frequencies on FM may vary in different cities)
Countryside Radio
中国乡村之声
CNR 16 | Broadcasting agricultural programmes 24/7 hours except during 00:05-04:55 (UTC+8) on every Tuesday |

* MW: 720 in Huabei

* FM: 107.9 in Donggang, 101.4 in Qingtongxia, 104.5 in Hohhot (transfer CNR 8 during 05:00–14:00)

May also transferred by some local radio stations in Guizhou, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Xinjiang, or by DTV radio functions via CDR technical

Kazakh Radio
哈萨克语广播
CNR 17 | Kazakh service, broadcasting during 07:55–02:05 next day (UTC+8) |

* MW: 1008 and 1422

* SW: 4850, 6180, 9630, 12055, etc.
* FM: 89.5 or 90.1

### TV channels

[edit]

* CNR Care: Mainly Healthy Information. Stopped streaming on 1 July 2019.
* CNR Mall: TV Shopping Channel – a joint venture with QVC.[5]

## See also

[edit]

* Broadcasting Corporation of China (First Nationalist Party Radio)
* China Radio International
* China Central Television

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Not the callsign of China Media Group's international service.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Miller, Toby (2003). Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Routledge Publishing. ISBN 0-415-25502-3
2. ^ a b CNR website. "CNR website." CNR introduction. Retrieved on 2007-04-29.
3. ^ a b Coderre, Laurence (2021). Newborn socialist things : materiality in Maoist China. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 38\. ISBN 978-1-4780-2161-2. OCLC 1250021710.
4. ^ Coderre, Laurence (2021). Newborn socialist things : materiality in Maoist China. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 38\. ISBN 978-1-4780-2161-2. OCLC 1250021710.
5. ^ QVC Announces China Joint Venture, QVC news release via PR Newswire, Cleveland, OH, 20 March 2012. Retrieved: 11 August 2014.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to China National Radio at Wikimedia Commons

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

China Media Group

* China Central Television
* China Global Television Network
* China National Radio
* China Radio International

* v
* t
* e

Radio stations broadcasting in the Chinese language

* v
* t
* e

Chinese-language radio in Canada

The following channels offer at least some programming in Chinese

Calgary|

* CHKF-FM

Edmonton|

* CKER-FM

Montreal|

* CFMB

Ottawa|

* CJLL-FM

Toronto|

* CHIN-FM
* CHIN-1-FM
* CHKT

Vancouver|

* CHKG-FM
* CHMB
* CJVB

* v
* t
* e

Radio in China

National|

* China Radio International
* China National Radio

Regional|

* Radio Beijing Corporation
* Fujian Radio
* Radio Guangdong
* Hubei Radio
* Hunan Broadcasting System
* Inner Mongolia Radio
* Heilongjiang Radio
* Lanzhou Radio
* Nanjing Radio
* Shaanxi Radio
* Shanghai Media Group
* Shenzhen Media Group
* Tianjin Radio
* Tibet Radio
* Urumqi Radio
* Xinjiang Radio
* Zhejiang Radio

Hong Kong|

* Radio Television Hong Kong
* Commercial Radio Hong Kong
* Metro Broadcast Corporation Limited

Macau|

* Teledifusão de Macau
* Radio Vilaverde Lda

China Radio Markets
Beijing
Fujian
Guangdong
Heilongjiang
Shanghai
Sichuan
Tianjin
Xinjiang
Zhejiang

See also
List of radio stations in China

* v
* t
* e

Chinese-language radio in Malaysia

RTM|

* Ai FM

Cense Media|

* City Plus FM

Media Prima|

* 8FM

Astro Radio|

* goXuan
* Melody
* My

KTS Group|

* TEA FM

Star Radio Group|

* 988 FM

* v
* t
* e

Chinese-language radio in Singapore

Mediacorp|

* YES 933
* Capital 95.8FM
* Love 97.2FM

So Drama! Entertainment|

* 883Jia

SPH Radio|

* 96.3 Hao FM
* UFM100.3

* v
* t
* e

Radio stations in Taiwan

Government|

* Radio Taiwan International
* National Education Radio
* Taipei Broadcasting Station
* Voice of Han
* Fu Hsing Radio

Private|

* Broadcasting Corporation of China
* Formosa Hakka Radio
* Hit FM
* International Community Radio Taipei
* KISS Radio

* v
* t
* e

Chinese-language radio in the United States

The following channels offer at least some programming in Chinese

Honolulu|

* KHCM

Houston|

* KCHN

Los Angeles|

* KAHZ
* KAZN
* KQEV-LP
* KWRM
* KMRB

New York|

* WGBB
* WKDM
* WZRC

San Francisco|

* KEST
* KVTO
* KSQQ

Overseas|

* Radio Free Asia
* Voice of America

* v
* t
* e

Telecommunications

History|

* Beacon
* Broadcasting
* Cable protection system
* Cable TV
* Communications satellite
* Computer network
* Data compression
* audio
* DCT
* image
* video
* Digital media
* Internet video
* online video platform
* social media
* streaming
* Drums
* Edholm's law
* Electrical telegraph
* Fax
* Heliographs
* Hydraulic telegraph
* Information Age
* Information revolution
* Internet
* Mass media
* Mobile phone
* Smartphone
* Optical telecommunication
* Optical telegraphy
* Pager
* Photophone
* Prepaid mobile phone
* Radio
* Radiotelephone
* Satellite communications
* Semaphore
* Phryctoria
* Semiconductor
* device
* MOSFET
* transistor
* Smoke signals
* Telecommunications history
* Telautograph
* Telegraphy
* Teleprinter (teletype)
* Telephone
* The Telephone Cases
* Television
* digital
* streaming
* Undersea telegraph line
* Videotelephony
* Whistled language
* Wireless revolution

Pioneers|

* Nasir Ahmed
* Edwin Howard Armstrong
* Mohamed M. Atalla
* John Logie Baird
* Paul Baran
* John Bardeen
* Alexander Graham Bell
* Emile Berliner
* Tim Berners-Lee
* Francis Blake
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Charles Bourseul
* Walter Houser Brattain
* Vint Cerf
* Claude Chappe
* Yogen Dalal
* Donald Davies
* Daniel Davis Jr.
* Amos Dolbear
* Thomas Edison
* Philo Farnsworth
* Reginald Fessenden
* Lee de Forest
* Elisha Gray
* Oliver Heaviside
* Robert Hooke
* Erna Schneider Hoover
* Harold Hopkins
* Gardiner Greene Hubbard
* Bob Kahn
* Dawon Kahng
* Charles K. Kao
* Narinder Singh Kapany
* Hedy Lamarr
* Roberto Landell
* Innocenzo Manzetti
* Guglielmo Marconi
* Robert Metcalfe
* Antonio Meucci
* Samuel Morse
* Jun-ichi Nishizawa
* Charles Grafton Page
* Radia Perlman
* Alexander Stepanovich Popov
* Tivadar Puskás
* Johann Philipp Reis
* Claude Shannon
* Almon Brown Strowger
* Henry Sutton
* Charles Sumner Tainter
* Nikola Tesla
* Camille Tissot
* Alfred Vail
* Thomas A. Watson
* Charles Wheatstone
* Vladimir K. Zworykin
* Internet pioneers

Transmission
media|

* Coaxial cable
* Fiber-optic communication
* optical fiber
* Free-space optical communication
* Molecular communication
* Radio waves
* wireless
* Transmission line
* telecommunication circuit

Network topology
and switching|

* Bandwidth
* Links
* Network switching
* circuit
* packet
* Nodes
* terminal
* Telephone exchange

Multiplexing|

* Space-division
* Frequency-division
* Time-division
* Polarization-division
* Orbital angular-momentum
* Code-division

Concepts|

* Communication protocol
* Computer network
* Data transmission
* Store and forward
* Telecommunications equipment

Types of network|

* Cellular network
* Ethernet
* ISDN
* LAN
* Mobile
* NGN
* Public Switched Telephone
* Radio
* Television
* Telex
* UUCP
* WAN
* Wireless network

Notable networks|

* ARPANET
* BITNET
* CYCLADES
* FidoNet
* Internet
* Internet2
* JANET
* NPL network
* TANet
* Toasternet
* Usenet

Locations|

* Africa
* Americas
* North
* South
* Antarctica
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania
* Global telecommunications regulation bodies

* Telecommunication portal
* Category
* Outline
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Members of the European Broadcasting Union

Active
members|

| Current|

* ARD
* BR
* DLR
* DW
* HR
* MDR
* NDR
* RB
* RBB
* SR
* SWR
* WDR
* ARMR
* ARMTV
* Arte
* BBC
* BHRT
* BNR
* BNT
* ČRo
* ČT
* CyBC
* DR
* ENRS
* EPTV
* ERR
* ER
* ETV
* ERT
* ERA
* GPB
* GRF
* FMM
* FTV
* RF
* HRT
* HR
* İCTI
* İR
* İTV
* JRTV
* KAN
* LNC
* LRT
* LSM
* LR
* LTV
* MMD
* MRT
* MSP
* MTVA
* Duna
* NPO
* AVROTROS
* BNNVARA
* EO
* HUMAN
* KRO-NCRV
* MAX
* NOS
* NTR
* ON
* PowNed
* Ster
* VPRO
* WNL
* Zwart
* NRK
* NTU
* ORF
* PBS
* PR
* RAI
* ROR
* RTBF
* RTCG
* RTÉ
* RTL
* RTP
* RTS
* RTSH
* RTT
* RT
* TT
* RTVA
* RTVE
* RNE
* TVE
* RTVSLO
* RÚV
* SMRTV
* SNRT
* SRG SSR
* SRT
* SR
* SVT
* UR
* STVR
* SU
* TDA
* TG4
* TL
* TRM
* TRT
* TV 2 (DK)
* TV 2 (NO)
* TVM (MC)
* TVP
* TVR
* UKIB
* C4
* ITV
* S4C
* STV
* VR
* VRT
* Yle
* ZDF

|

Suspended|

* BTRC
* C1R
* RDO
* MK
* OP
* VGTRK

Former|

* A3R
* C+
* C1O
* COPE
* CRCA
* ČST
* E1
* ERTT
* GRMC
* RMC
* TMC
* IBA (GB)
* IBA (IL)
* INR-NIR
* ITA
* ITCA
* JRT
* LJBC
* MBA
* MR
* MTV (FI)
* MTV (HU)
* NERIT
* NRU
* OFRT
* ORTF
* RTF
* RTVS
* SER
* SRo
* STV
* TDF
* TF1
* TMC
* TV4
* UJRT

Associate
members|

| Current|

* ABC (AU)
* ABC (US)
* ACORAB
* APM
* C13 (CL)
* CBC/SRC (CA)
* CBS
* CMG
* CCTV
* CGTN
* CNR
* CRI
* FPA
* Free
* ICRT
* IRIB
* KA
* KBS
* MBC (MU)
* NBAB
* NBC (US)
* NHK
* NPR
* ORTAS
* PART
* RB
* RNZ
* RTHK
* RTM
* SBS
* SMG
* TBS
* TEME
* TVNZ
* WFMT

|

Former|

* 4TA
* ABERT
* AFMN
* AIR
* AMÉRICA
* ANB
* ATEC
* ATV
* BCB
* C7
* C12
* C13 (AR)
* CBC (BB)
* CBC (LK)
* CMRT
* CNN
* CPB
* CTV
* DA
* EBC
* EMI
* EURT
* FTN
* GBC
* GBS
* GLOBO
* GRTS
* IBB
* IRV
* JBC
* JCC
* IBTE
* KBTS
* KNR
* LBC
* MBC (MW)
* MBC (KR)
* MBS
* MPR
* NACB
* NAEB
* NBC (NG)
* NBC (PNG)
* NET
* NTV
* NTVC
* NYPR
* ORTN
* PANTEL
* PBC
* PTV
* QR
* QTBC
* RCR
* RCTV
* RD
* REI
* RN
* RNT
* RP
* RRI
* RTC
* RTG
* RTI
* RTM
* RTS
* RTV
* SABC
* SABTVS
* SLBC
* STS
* T2
* TBC
* TCM
* TFM/JOAU-FM
* TH
* TIM
* TIME
* TSM
* TSN
* TVA
* TVB
* TVM (MR)
* TVN
* TVRI
* UAERTVD
* USIA
* VK
* VV
* VZ
* WGBH
* ZBC

Approved
participants|

| Current|

* CAT
* Cellnex
* Euronews
* INA
* JPMRD
* RTV
* TV5Monde

|

Former|

* Abertis
* AH
* IETV
* MEBC
* RETE
* RTRN
* SNTC
* URTI

* v
* t
* e

National key news websites in China

16 in total (as of August 2020)

* People's Daily Online
* Xinhuanet
* China Internet Information Center
* CRI Online
* China Daily
* CCTV.com
* youth.cn
* China Economic Net
* Taiwan.cn
* Tibet.cn
* China National Radio Online
* Guangming Online
* China Military Online
* China News Network
* CPPCC Online
* Legal Online

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

Other|

* MusicBrainz label
* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[(DK)]: Denmark
*[(NO)]: Norway
*[(MC)]: Monaco
*[(GB)]: United Kingdom
*[(IL)]: Israel
*[(FI)]: Finland
*[(HU)]: Hungary
*[(AU)]: Australia
*[(US)]: United States
*[(CL)]: Chile
*[(CA)]: Canada
*[(MU)]: Mauritius
*[(AR)]: Argentina
*[(BB)]: Barbados
*[(LK)]: Sri Lanka
*[(MW)]: Malawi
*[(KR)]: South Korea
*[(NG)]: Nigeria
*[(PNG)]: Papua New Guinea
*[(MR)]: Mauritania