China National Space Administration

National space agency of the People's Republic of China

This article is about the administrative office for China's civil space activities and international space cooperation. For the operator of China's state space programs, see China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. For the office for China's human spaceflight program, see China Manned Space Agency. For other uses, see CNSA (disambiguation).

China National Space Administration中国国家航天局

Agency overview
Abbreviation| CNSA
Formed| 22 April 1993; 31 years ago (1993-04-22)
Preceding agency|

* Ministry of Aerospace Industry (partial)

Type| Space agency
Jurisdiction| State Council of the People's Republic of China
Headquarters| Haidian, Beijing

Administrator

| Zhang Kejian
Vice Administrator| Xu Zhanbin
Chief Engineer| Li Guoping
Secretary-General| Xu Hongliang
Annual budget|  US$14.15 billion (2023) 16.94% increase [1][Note 1]
Website| www.cnsa.gov.cn
China National Space Administration

Simplified Chinese| 国家航天局
Traditional Chinese| 國家航天局
Literal meaning| National Astronautics Administration
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Guójiā Hángtiān Jú
Wade–Giles| Kuo-chia Hang-t'ien Chü
IPA| [kwǒtɕjá xǎŋtʰjɛ́n tɕy̌]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Gwok-gāa Hòhng-tin Guhk
Jyutping| Gwok3gaa1 Hong4tin1 Guk6
IPA| [kʷɔ̄ːk.káːhɔ̏ːŋtʰīnkùːk]

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is a government agency of the People's Republic of China headquartered in Haidian, Beijing, responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation. These responsibilities include organizing or leading foreign exchanges and cooperation in the aerospace field.[2] The CNSA is an administrative agency under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.[3][need quotation to verify]

Founded in 1993, CNSA has pioneered a number of achievements in space for China despite its relatively short history, including becoming the first space agency to land on the far side of the Moon with Chang'e 4, bringing material back from the Moon with Chang'e 5 and 6, and being the second agency who successfully landed a rover on Mars with Tianwen-1.

As the governing body of civil space activities, China National Space Administration does not execute any space program. The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation executes China's state space programs instead.[4][need quotation to verify] The China Manned Space Program is operated by China Manned Space Agency, instead of the CNSA.[5][need quotation to verify]

## History

[edit]

CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[6]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[6]

Since the passage of the Wolf Amendment in 2011, NASA has been forced by Congress to implement a long-standing exclusion policy with CNSA ever since, though this has been periodically overcome.

In 2021, China began building the Tiangong space station, which consists of three modules designated for crew, cargo, and research. The construction was completed in late 2022, and there are plans to add an additional three modules.

In 2024, China announced that it will undertake 100 space missions, a significant increase from the 70 missions conducted in 2023 this is mostly satellites, testing, crew replacement, cargo, and more.

## Function

[edit]

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the 8th National People's Congress of China (NPC). The 9th NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[6]

## Administrators

[edit]

The most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[7]

* April 1993: Liu Jiyuan
* April 1998: Luan Enjie
* 2004: Sun Laiyan
* July 2010: Chen Qiufa[8]
* March 2013: Ma Xingrui[9]
* December 2013: Xu Dazhe[7]
* May 2017: Tang Dengjie
* May 2018: Zhang Kejian

## Departments

[edit]

There are four departments under the CNSA:

* Department of General Planning
* Department of System Engineering
* Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
* Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[10] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of escape velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the Earth system, and to escape the Solar System) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (Earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the Solar System). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.[citation needed]

## Launch facilities

[edit]

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center
* Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site

Jiuquan

Taiyuan

Wenchang

Xichang

class=notpageimage|

Location of China's spaceports

## See also

[edit]

* China portal

* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Planetary Exploration of China
* Tiangong space station

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Includes both civilian and military space spending.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Global governmental spending on space programs of leading countries 2022". Statista. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
2. ^ "机构简介". www.cnsa.gov.cn. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
3. ^ "国务院组织机构_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
4. ^ "集团简介_中国航天科技集团有限公司". www.spacechina.com. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
5. ^ "中国载人航天工程". www.cmse.gov.cn. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
6. ^ a b c "Organization and Function". China National Space Administration. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
7. ^ a b "Resume of Administrator". China National Space Administration. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
8. ^ "Chénqiúfā Rèn Liáoníng Shěng Dài Shěng Zhǎng" 陈求发任辽宁省代省长 [Chen Qiufa Appointed Acting Governor of Liaoning]. People's Daily (in Chinese). 8 May 2015.
9. ^ "Dr. Ma Xingrui Was Appointed as Administrator of China National Space Administration". China National Space Administration. 19 April 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
10. ^ "Shìjué Shìbié Xìtǒng" 视觉识别系统 [Visual Identification System]. spacechina.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2009.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to China National Space Administration.

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space program

* China National Space Administration (CNSA)
* China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
* China Manned Space Agency
* People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps

| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Siziwang Banner (landing site)

|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 1
* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 3A
* Long March 3B
* Long March 3C
* Long March 4
* Long March 4A
* Long March 4B
* Long March 4C
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 8
* Long March 9 (In development)
* Long March 10 (In development)
* Long March 11
* Long March 12
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
* CMS (human spaceflight)
* Chang'e (lunar exploration)
* Tiangong (space station)
* Tianwen (interplanetary exploration)

Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
* Chang'e 2 (2010–present)
* Yinghuo 1† (2011)
* Chang'e 3 (2013–present)
* Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present)
* Yutu rover (2013–2016)
* Chang'e 4 (2018–present)
* Yutu-2 rover (2018–present)
* Tianwen-1 (2020–present)
* Chang'e 5 (2020–present)
* Zhurong rover (2021–present)
* Chang'e 6 (2024)
* Shensuo (2024)
* Tianwen-2 (2025)
* Chang'e 7 (2026)
* Chang'e 8 (2028)
* Tianwen-4 (2029)
* Tianwen-3 (2030)

|

Astronomy and
cosmology

* DAMPE (2015–present)
* HXMT (2017–present)
* GECAM (2020–present)
* CHASE (2021–present)
* ASO-S (2022–present)
* Einstein Probe (2023)
* SVOM (2024)
* Xuntian (2026)
* Space Solar Telescope

Earth observation|

* CSES (2018–present)
* Double Star (2003–07)
* Gaofen Series (2013–present)
* Haiyang Series (2002–present)
* TanSat (2016–present)
* Yaogan Series (2006–present)
* Ziyuan Series (CBERS) (1999–present)
* SMILE (2025)

Human
spaceflight|

| Uncrewed expeditions|

* Shenzhou 1
* Shenzhou 2
* Shenzhou 3
* Shenzhou 4
* Shenzhou 8

|

Crewed expeditions|

* Shenzhou 5
* Shenzhou 6
* Shenzhou 7
* Shenzhou 9
* Shenzhou 10
* Shenzhou 11
* Shenzhou 12
* Shenzhou 13
* Shenzhou 14
* Shenzhou 15
* Shenzhou 16
* Shenzhou 17
* Shenzhou 18
* (List of Chinese astronauts)

Space laboratories and cargos|

* Tiangong 1 (2011–2018)
* Tiangong 2 (2016–2019)
* Tianzhou 1 (2017)
* Tianzhou 2 (2021)
* Tianzhou 3 (2021)
* Tianzhou 4 (2022)
* Tianzhou 5 (2022)
* Tianzhou 6 (2023)

Tiangong space station modules|

* Tianhe (2021–present)
* Wentian (2022–present)
* Mengtian (2022–present)

Navigation|

* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications|

* Apstar Series (1994–present)
* Chinasat Series (1994–present)
* Queqiao (2018–present)
* Tiandu 1 and 2 (2024–present)
* Tianlian I (2008–present)
* Tianlian II (2019–present)
* Qianfan (2024–present)
* Queqiao 2 (2024–present)

Technology
demonstrators

* Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft (2020)
* FSW Program (1969–2006)
* QUESS (2016–present)
* Shijian Series (1971–present)
* XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

Related|

* Lanyue Lunar Lander

* Future missions marked in italics. Failed missions marked with † sign

* v
* t
* e

Chinese spacecraft

Earth observation|

* Double Star (joint with ESA)
* Fengyun
* Gaofen
* FSW
* Huanjing
* HY
* Jilin
* Shiyan
* SMMS
* TanSat
* Tansuo
* Tianhui
* Yaogan
* Ziyuan

Communication and engineering|

* Dong Fang Hong
* FH-1
* Apstar
* APMT
* Asiasat
* ChinaSat
* ChinaStar
* HKSTG
* LGSP
* OlympicSat
* Qianfan
* Shijian
* Sinosat
* Tiantong 1
* Tsinghua-1
* Xiwang 1

Data relay satellite system|

* Queqiao and Queqiao 2
* Tiandu 1 and 2
* Tianlian Constellation

Satellite navigation system|

* BeiDou-1
* BeiDou-2
* Beidou-3

Astronomical observation|

* ASO-S
* CHASE
* DAMPE
* GECAM
* HXMT
* Kuafu
* Longjiang-2
* Queqiao
* Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
* Einstein Probe (joint with ESA)
* SST
* SVOM
* Xuntian
* SMILE

Lunar exploration|

* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Chang'e 1
* Chang'e 2
* Chang'e 3
* Yutu
* Chang'e 5-T1
* Chang'e 4
* Yutu-2
* Chang'e 5
* Chang'e 6
* Chang'e 7
* Chang'e 8

Planetary exploration|

* Yinghuo-1
* Chang'e 2
* Tianwen-1
* Zhurong
* Shensuo
* Tianwen-2
* Tianwen-3
* Tianwen-4

Microsatellites|

* Fengniao
* Xinyan

Future spacecraft in italics.

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space facilities and organizations

Centers|

| Space cities|

* Dongfeng space city
* Beijing space city
* Wenchang space city
* Shanghai space city
* Yantai space city
* Guizhou Aerospace Industrial Park

|

Monitoring and
control centers|

* Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center
* Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center
* Chinese Deep Space Network
* Yuanwang-class space tracking ships
* China Domestic Tracking Stations
* China Overseas Tracking Stations

Launch sites|

| Suborbital launch sites|

* Nanhui Launch Site
* Base 603

|

Orbital launch sites|

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center
* Wenchang Space Launch Site
* Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site

Crewed spacecraft
landing site|

* Siziwang Banner

Associated
organizations|

| Universities and institutes|

* CAS Key Laboratory of high-temperature gas dynamics
* China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center
* Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology
* School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University
* China's Space Medical Institute

|

Ministries and agencies|

* China Ministry of Aerospace Industry
* China National Space Administration
* China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
* China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
* China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
* Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
* Fifth Institute under the National Defense Ministry
* China Aerospace Corporation
* Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology
* Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology
* People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force

Commercial companies|

| Launch providers|

* CAS Space*
* Deep Blue Aerospace
* ExPace*
* Galactic Energy
* i-Space
* LandSpace
* LinkSpace
* OneSpace
* Orienspace
* Space Epoch
* Space Pioneer
* Space Trek

|

Spacecraft manufacturers|

* ChangGuang Satellite*
* COMMSAT
* Galaxy Space
* Geespace
* OK-Space
* Smart Satellite
* Spacety

Component suppliers|

* Jiuzhou Yunjian
* SMotor
* ZeroG Lab

Commercial companies with majority state ownership marked with * sign

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

| Pan-African
and pan-Arab|

* RASCOM
* Arabsat

|

National|

* ASAL
* EgSA
* NARSS
* ESSTI
* GSSTC
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* NASA
* NESDIS
* OSC
* FAA/AST
* FCC
* USSF
* USSPACECOM
* NRO

|

Latin America
and the Caribbean|

* ALCE
* AEM
* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
* ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Pan-Asian|

* APSCO

|

Central Asia|

* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VK
* TNSA1

East Asia|

* CNSA
* SASTIND
* CASC
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* PLAASF
* CASIC
* JAXA
* ISAS
* JSS
* NICT
* NATA
* KASA
* KARI
* KASI
* SaTReC
* TASA

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO 2
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* DSA
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* LAPAN
* MYSA
* PhilSA
* SSTL
* GISTDA
* VNSC

West Asia|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* NSSA
* IRIAF
* NEHSA
* ISA
* ISRC
* ISA
* NCSR
* SSA
* KACST-SRI
* SSA2
* GORS
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA (MBRSC)

Europe|

| Pan-European|

* CEN/CENELEC
* CEPT
* ETSI
* Eurocontrol
* ECAC
* ESA
* ECSS
* ESTEC
* EAC
* ESRIN
* ECSAT
* ESAC
* ESOC
* ESTRACK
* Guiana Space Centre
* EUMETSAT
* EUTELSAT IGO
* ESO

|

EU and EEA|

* DG DEFIS
* EUSPA
* EU SatCen
* EASA
* BEREC
* ALR 2
* BELSPO
* BIRA-IASB
* SRTI2
* CSO2
* DTU Space
* ESO1
* CNES2
* AAE
* CdE
* DLR2
* HSA
* HSO2
* ASI
* LSA
* LSO1
* SRON
* NSO
* NOSA
* POLSA2
* CBK PAN
* UKE
* KRRiT
* ORO
* ULC
* PTSPACE
* ROSA2
* INTA
* AEC
* EAE
* AEE
* SNSA

Other|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VVKO
* SSO
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* SSAU1
* UKSA 2

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* CCSDS
* CEOS
* COSPAR
* IPDA
* Cospas-Sarsat
* GEO
* GSC
* IADC
* ICSMD
* IMSO
* ISECG
* ISS MCB
* ITSO
* Intersputnik
* ODCWG
* ITU-R
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA

Former|

* BNSC
* KCST
* NAL
* NASDA
* SSP
* Interkosmos

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program
* 2 Preceded by Interkosmos participation

* v
* t
* e

Transport in China

* History
* Proposed public transport

Government
agencies|

* Ministry of Transport
* Rail
* Aviation
* Mail
* Sea
* Space
* Hong Kong*
* Macau*

Road|

* Expressways (NTHS)
* China National Highways
* Road numbering
* Rules (Road safety law)
* Licence plates
* AH1
* Gallery road
* Zhongshan Road
* Automotive industry
* Driving License

Rail|

* History
* Eastern-Qing
* South Manchuria
* Narrow-gauge
* Passenger rail
* China Railway
* China Railway High-speed
* High-speed
* Harbin-Beijing–Guangzhou–Hong Kong
* Beijing–Kunming
* Beijing–Shanghai
* Lianyungang–Ürümqi
* Shanghai–Chengdu
* Shanghai–Kunming
* Lines
* Beijing–Harbin
* Beijing–Shanghai
* Beijing–Kowloon
* Beijing–Guangzhou
* Lanzhou–Lianyungang
* Lanzhou–Xinjiang
* Lhasa–Shigatse
* Qinghai–Tibet
* Locomotives
* Stations
* Rapid transit systems
* Maglev

Water|

| Ports|

* Chongqing
* Dalian
* Guangzhou
* Lianyungang
* Ningbo-Zhoushan
* Qingdao
* Rizhao
* Shanghai
* Yangshan
* Shenzhen
* Suzhou
* Tangshan
* Tianjin
* Xiamen
* Yingkou
* Hong Kong*

|

Canals|

* Grand Canal
* Lingqu
* Red Flag Canal
* Zhengguo Canal

Industry|

* Shipping industry
* China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
* China State Shipbuilding Corporation
* Ship lifts

Aviation|

| Major airlines|

* Air China
* Cathay Pacific*
* China Southern Airlines
* China Eastern Airlines
* Hainan Airlines
* Shandong Airlines
* Shanghai Airlines
* Shenzhen Airlines
* Sichuan Airlines
* XiamenAir

|

Airports|

* By traffic
* Major Airports: Beijing Capital
* Beijing Daxing
* Chengdu Shuangliu
* Chengdu Tianfu
* Guangzhou Baiyun
* Hong Kong*
* Shenzhen Bao'an
* Shanghai Pudong
* Shanghai Hongqiao

Industry|

* Aviation Industry Corporation of China
* China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition
* Comac

Space|

* Spaceports
* Space program
* PLA Aerospace Force

Other topics|

* Transport by province or autonomous region / by city
* Bridges
* Tunnels
* Chinese New Year Transit
* Disasters

* in / related to the special administrative regions

* * *

* Category
* Economy
* Communications

* v
* t
* e

State Council of the People's Republic of China

Incumbent (14th): Li Qiang Cabinet

State Council|

| Members|

| Executive
meeting|

* Premier
* Vice Premiers
* State Councilors
* Secretary-General

|

* Ministers in charge of ministries/commissions
* Auditor-General

Departments|

* Foreign
* Defense
* Development
* Education
* Science
* Industry and Information Tech
* Ethnic
* Public Security
* State Security
* Civil
* Justice
* Finance
* Human Resources and Social Security
* Natural Resources
* Ecology and Environment
* Housing
* Transport
* Water
* Agriculture
* Commerce
* Culture and Tourism
* Health
* Veterans
* Emergency
* People's Bank
* Audit Office

Agencies|

| General Office|

* Secretary-General
* Deputy Secretaries-General

|

Special|

State Assets

Affiliated|

* Customs
* Taxation
* Market Regulation
* Anti-Monopoly
* Standardization
* Cert. & Accred.
* Financial Regulation
* Securities
* Radio and TV
* Sport
* Complaints & Proposals
* Statistics
* Intellectual Property
* International Development
* Healthcare Security
* Counsellors
* Government Offices
* Press and Publication(☭ Publicity Dept.)
* Religious(☭ United Front Dept.)

Offices|

* Research
* Hong Kong and Macau(☭ Leading Group)
* Overseas Chinese(☭ United Front Dept.)
* Taiwan(☭ Leading Group)
* Cyberspace(☭ Cyberspace)
* Information(☭ Publicity)

Institutions|

* Xinhua News Agency
* Development Research
* China Media Group
* Meteorology

| Academies|

* Sciences
* Engineering
* Social Sciences
* Governance (a.k.a. ☭ Central Party School)

|

Bureaus|

* Food and Strategic Reserves
* Energy
* Data
* Defense Industry
* Tobacco
* Immigration
* Forestry and Grassland
* Railway
* Civil Aviation
* Post
* Cultural Heritage
* Traditional Medicine
* Disease Control
* Mine Safety
* Fire & Rescue
* Foreign Exchange
* Medical Products
* State Secrets(☭ Secrecy Comm.)
* National Archives (a.k.a. ☭ Central Archives)
* Civil Service(☭ Org. Dept.)
* Cryptography(☭ Leading Group)

* State Council = Central People's Government (constitutionally since 1954)
* ☭ denotes name reserved by Communist Party agencies.

* v
* t
* e

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

Organizations|

* China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
* China National Space Administration (CNSA)
* State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
* China Tobacco

Colleges|

* Beihang University
* Beijing Institute of Technology
* Harbin Engineering University
* Harbin Institute of Technology
* Northwestern Polytechnical University
* Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Nanjing University of Science and Technology

State-owned enterprises|

* China Aviation Industry Corporation I
* China Aviation Industry Corporation II
* Norinco
* China South Industries Group
* China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
* China State Shipbuilding Corporation
* China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
* China National Nuclear Corporation

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[a.k.a.]: also known as