China Railway CR450AF

Chinese high speed EMU

China Railway CR450AF

Stock type| Electric multiple unit (EMU)
Manufacturer| CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd.
Designer| Exterior: Jörn Lutter
Family name| China standardized EMU
Constructed| 2023-
Number built| 1
Number in service| 0
Formation| 4M4T
Fleet numbers| CR450AF-0201
Capacity| 552
Operators| China Railway
China Academy of Railway Sciences
Specifications
Train length| 211 metres (692 ft)
Car length| 28.55m (End car) 25m (Middle car)
Width| 3.36 metres (11.0 ft)
Maximum speed|

* Service:
* 400 km/h (250 mph)
* Design:
* 450 km/h (280 mph)
* Record:
* 453 km/h (280 mph)

Axle load| 14.5 tonnes (32,000 lb)
Electric system(s)| 25kV 50Hz AC
Current collector(s)| Pantograph
UIC classification| (2’2’)(Bo’Bo’)(2’2’)(Bo’Bo’)(Bo’Bo’)(2’2’)(Bo’Bo’)(2’2’)
Safety system(s)| CTCS-400T, Vigilance
Coupling system| Scharfenberg
Headlight type| Light Emitting Diode
Seating| Longitudinal
Track gauge| 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)

The CR450AF Fuxing (Chinese: 复兴号; pinyin: Fùxīng Hào) is a prototype Chinese electric high-speed train manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. As part of the China Standardized EMU family, the CR450AF has an operating speed of 400 km/h (250 mph) and a maximum design speed of 450km/h. Once in service, it will be one of two trains that have the highest operating speed in the world, with the other being CR450BF.[1]

## Development

[edit]

### 2020

[edit]

Drafted between 26 and 29 October on the fifth plenum of the 19th Central Committee of the CCP, the project was announced as part of China's 14th five-year plan, known as "Research and development plans for speedier bullet train".[2]

### 2023

[edit]

On June 28, test runs were conducted on the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway using two trainsets: CR400AF-J-0002, a comprehensive inspection train (CIT) containing a CR450AF intermediate car, and CR400BF-J-0001, a comprehensive inspection train containing a CR450BF intermediate car. During these tests, a speed of 453 km/h (281 mph) was reached, and a relative speed of 891 km/h (554 mph) was reached, setting a new world record for the relative speed between two conventionally wheeled trains.[1]

On June 29, test runs through the Haiwei tunnel were conducted. During these tests, a speed of 420 km/h (260 mph) was reached, and a relative passing speed of 840 km/h (520 mph) was recorded.[2]

### 2024

[edit]

On December 29, after 3 years of the development, CRRC held a press conference at the China Academy of Railway Sciences (CARS) site in Northeast Beijing, China, where it officially announced the two prototypes of CR450 family: the CR450AF-0201 and CR450BF-0501.[3]

### 2025

[edit]

The CR450AF is expected to be delivered to China Railway in 2025, enter regular service thereafter on existing high-speed lines which limits the operating speed to 350km/h due to line limitations.

### Future

[edit]

In 2027 it will be deployed on the 292km long Second Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway which is expected to be finished by then, where it can reach its designed highest operating speed 400km/h and shorten the travel time between the two cities to less than 50 minutes.[2]

## Design

[edit]

According to CRRC, compared to the CR400AF, the CR450AF:

* Is 10% lighter[4]
* Has 22% lower drag[4]
* Consumes 20% less energy
* Retains the same 6,500 m (21,300 ft) stopping distance from 450 km/h (280 mph) as the CR400AF from 350 km/h (220 mph)

### Frame

[edit]

A standard CR450AF has 8 carriages, made of lightweight materials like aluminum, carbon fiber and glass fiber. Four of the cars (cars 2/4/5/7) are power-cars and the other four (cars 1/3/6/8) are trailer-cars.[5]

Each middle car has two pairs of doors at the end of the carriage, except the dining car, which only has one pair. The two lead cars on both of its ends also have two pair of doors fitted but one of them serves as the exclusive access to the driver's cab.[5]

Two sets of pantographs are installed on unpowered trailer car 3 and 6 for collecting current from the overhead catenaries.[5]

The height of the carriages are reduced on the CR450AF compared to its predecessors, which reduced drags by reducing the body cross section area.[5]

### Electrical systems

[edit]

According to CRRC, the CR450AF has a higher traction force by using permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which enables at least 3% higher energy conversion efficiency.[5]

The train uses pantograph to gain 25kV 50Hz AC from the overhead catenary, which is the only type of energy source used on the China Railway network all across China.

It also has a storage battery system which can provide the train with a 110V DC power source.[5]

### Mechanical systems

[edit]

The CR450AF prototype has redesigned integrated bogies, which according to CRRC, are 20% lighter than previous generations of traditional externally mounted ones seen on other Chinese high-speed EMUs.[6] Unlike other production models, they are hidden under the side skirt of the frame with a enclosure design for better aerodynamic performance and therefore reduce drag for a better energy efficiency, similar to those seen on the Japanese Shinkansen, or the end-car of German ICE 4.

### Interior

[edit]

There are four classes of seating on board the CR450AF: Second Class, First Class, Premium First class and Business Class.[7] Second Class has 482 seats in a 2-3 layout, similar to other Chinese EMUs and carriages.[8]

First Class has 28 seats in a 2-2 layout. Compared with second class, the seats are made of leather and offer improved comfort with more width and legroom.[8]

Premium first class has 24 seats in a 2-2 layout, and debuted in 2023 on previous CR400 trainsets. Compared with first class, it offers greater legroom and features a footrest.[5] The business class cabin has undergone various redesigns, consisting of three different types of seating configurations: a 6-seat classic business class setup, a business suite that accommodates six individuals, and a multi-purpose suite that offers more privacy.[8]

## Variants

[edit]

### CR450AF (Prototype)

[edit]

The first trainset to be built, the CR450AF-0201, was first rolled out on November 26, 2024. It is designed for testing and qualification purposes.[9]

Coach sequence of CR450AF-0201  No  | Model  | Type  | UIC number  | Class  | Capacity  | Length

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | ZYS  | Trailer car  | ZYS01xxxx  | Business/Premium First  | 30  | 28550mm
2  | ZES  | Power car  | ZES02xxxx  | Second  | 85  | 25650mm
3  | ZE  | Trailer car (with pantograph)  | ZE03xxxx  | Second  | 90  | 25650mm
4  | ZE  | Power car  | ZE04xxxx  | Second  | 80  | 25650mm
5  | ZEC  | Power car  | ZEC05xxxx  | Second/Dining car  | 63  | 25650mm
6  | ZE  | Trailer car (with pantograph)  | ZE06xxxx  | Second  | 90  | 25650mm
7  | ZES  | Power car  | ZES07xxxx  | Second  | 80  | 25650mm
8  | ZYS  | Trailer car  | ZYS08xxxx  | Business/First  | 34  | 28550mm

## See also

[edit]

* High-speed rail
* Rail transport in China
* High-speed rail in China
* Fuxing (train)
* China Railway CR400AF
* China Railway CRH380D
* China Railway CRH2
* China Railway CRH1
* Bombardier Zefiro
* E2 Series Shinkansen

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Paleja, Ameya. "At 281 miles an hour, China's new high-speed maglev train is the world's fastest". Interesting Engineering. Retrieved 2024-12-30.
2. ^ a b c Tiwari, Sakshi (2023-07-03). "At 453 KM/H, China Tests World's Fastest, New-Gen High-Speed Train That Is Safer, Energy-Efficient & Intelligent". EURASIAN TIMES. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
3. ^ "FOCUS | China debuts prototype of fastest high-speed train in the world". english.news.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
4. ^ a b "全球最快高铁列车来了！CR450动车组样车发布". www.guancha.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
5. ^ a b c d e f g "CR450AF(样车)动车组 - 动车组列车 - 记录高速动车组列车及城市轨道交通列车发展历程 —— 慧伊创新科技（北京）有限公司". www.china-emu.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
6. ^ BATRAK, OLEKSANDR (2024-07-30). "CRRC Develops Innovative Bogie for High-Speed Trains". Railway Supply. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
7. ^ "China debuts prototype of fastest high-speed train in the world". english.www.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
8. ^ a b c sina_mobile (2024-12-29). "运营时速 400 公里全球最快，我国 CR450 动车组样车内饰、坐席等设计公布". finance.sina.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
9. ^ "CR450AF departing factory". 2024-11-26.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to China Railway CR450AF.

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High-speed demonstrative maglev

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National 8+8 high-speed corridors

| Coastal|

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–Nantong–Shanghai–Hangzhou–Taizhou–Wenzhou–Fuzhou–Xiamen–Zhangzhou–Shantou–
Shanwei–Shenshan–Xili-Jiangmen–Maoming–(Zhanjiang(–)Hepu)–Qinzhou–Fangchenggang–Dongxing

| Hangshen
parallel|

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|

other branches|

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| West route|

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|

East route|

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branches|

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Beijing–Kunming|

Beijing–Xiong'an(–)Xinzhou–Xi'an–Chengdu–Yibin–Kunming

| Branch lines|

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|

Baotou (Yinchuan)–Hainan|

* Yinchuan–Xi'an
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* Hainan eastern ring
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Lanzhou (Xining)–Guangzhou|

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Suifenhe–Manzhouli|

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Beijing–Lanzhou|

* Beijing–Zhangjiakou–Hohhot–Baotou–Yinchuan–Lanzhou

Qingdao–Yinchuan|

* Qingdao–Jinan–Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan–Yinchuan

Eurasia Continental|

* Lianyungang–Xuzhou–Zhengzhou–Xi'an–Baoji–Lanzhou–Ürümqi–Khorgas

Yangtze River|

* Shanghai–Nanjing–Hefei–Wuhan–Yichang–Xingshan–Wanzhou–Fuling–Chongqing–Chengdu
* Shanghai–Huzhou–Hefei
* Yichang–Fuling
* Wuhan–Xiangyang–Xingshan–Wanzhou–Dazhou–Chengdu
* Chongqing–Neijiang–Chengdu

| Old line|

Shanghai–Wuxi–Nanjing–Hefei–Wuhan–Yichang–Lichuan–Chongqing–Suining–Chengdu

|

Shanghai–Kunming|

* Shanghai–Hangzhou–Changsha–Guiyang–Kunming

Xiamen–Chongqing|

* Kaohsiung§–Xiamen–Longyan–Ganzhou–Changsha–Changde–Qianjiang–Chongqing

Guangzhou–Kunming|

Guangzhou–Nanning–Kunming

Other conventional high-speed railways (list)

| Intercity and
long-distance|

| North China|

* Tianjin–Daxing Airport
* Tianjin–Chengde
* Beijing–Tangshan
* Beijing–Binhai
* Tianjin–Baoding

|

Northeast China|

* Qiqihar–Tongliao
* Shenyang–Jiamusi
* Shenyang–Baihe
* Dunhua–Baihe
* Mudanjiang–Dunhua
* Mudanjiang–Jiamusi
* Changchun–Hunchun
* Changchun–Jilin
* Jilin–Hunchun
* Harbin–Yichun
* Shenyang–Dandong
* Panjin–Yingkou
* Chifeng–Kazuo
* Chaoyang–Linghai
* Xinmin–Tongliao

East China|

* Qingdao–Jinan
* Jinan–Laiwu
* Rizhao–Lankao
* Zhengzhou–Fuyang
* Xuzhou–Yancheng
* Huaibei–Xiaoxian
* Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou
* Hangzhou–Wenzhou
* Hefei–Suqian
* Ma'anshan–Anqing
* Longyan–Longchuan
* Hangzhou–Nanchang
* Hangzhou–Taizhou
* Nanchang–Jiujiang

Central and South China|

* Zhengzhou–Jinan
* Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport
* Wuhan–Shiyan
* Wuhan–Huangshi/Huanggang
* Zhangjiajie–Jishou–Huaihua
* Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan
* Meizhou–Chaoshan
* Nanning–Pingxiang
* Shimen–Huaihua
* Guigang–Yulin

Northwest China|

* Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport
* Lanzhou–Zhangye
* Wuchangshi

Southwest China|

* Mianyang–Luzhou
* Anshun–Liupanshui
* Jishou–Yuping
* Mile–Mengzi
* Zhaotong–Liupanshui

Intercity railway
networks|

* Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
* Yangtze River Delta
* Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region
* Wuhan Metropolitan Area
* Chengdu-Chongqing
* Central Plains Metropolitan Region
* Shandong

Upgraded lines with
operating speeds
≥ 200 km (120 mi)|

* Dazhou–Chengdu
* Guangzhou–Shenzhen
* Beijing–Harbin
* Mudanjiang–Suiyuan
* Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou
* Guangtong–Chuxiong–Dali
* Nanjing–Qidong

Rolling stock

* X 2000
* Blue Arrow
* China Star
* Hexie (CRH1/CRH2/CRH3/CRH5/CRH6/CRH380A/CRH380B/CRH380C/CRH380D)
* Vibrant Express (MTR CRH380A)§
* CIT Trains
* Fuxing (CR200J/CR300AF/CR300BF/CR400AF/CR400BF)

* Italics: under construction or currently not operational
* (-), Place A-: section under construction or currently not operational
* §: in/related to Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan
* (Place A–Place B): share tracks with other lines

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* t
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High-speed rail

Part of rail transport

Technologies|

* Conventional
* Hovertrain
* Maglev

| Proposed|

* Hyperloop/Vactrain
* Swissmetro

|

High-speed trains
by service speed
or planned service speed|

| 400 km/h
(249 mph)
or more|

* China Railway Fuxing CR450AF, CR450BF
* Transrapid
* Shinkansen Series L0
* HEMU-430X

|

350–399 km/h
(217–248 mph)|

* China Railway Fuxing CR400AF, CR400BF

300–349 km/h
(186–217 mph)|

* Renfe Class 100, 101, 102, 103
* Alstom AGV
* China Railway Hexie CRH2C, 3C, 380A / MTR CRH380A, 380B, 380C, 380D
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* TCDD HT80000
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250–299 km/h
(155–186 mph)|

* Avelia Liberty
* China Star, DJF2, China Railway Hexie CRH1A, 1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 2E, 2G, 3A, 5A, 5E, 5G, China Railway Fuxing CR300AF, CR300BF
* ICE 1, 2, 4 (ICx)
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* Renfe Class 120, 121, 130
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* TCDD HT65000
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* V250
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200–249 km/h
(124–155 mph)|

* Acela
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* ACS-64
* Adelante
* APT
* China Railway DJJ1, China Railway Hexie CRH6, China Railway Fuxing CR200J
* ER200
* HHP-8
* IC4
* ICNG
* InterCity 125, 225
* ICE T, TD, L (ECx)
* Javelin
* NSB Class 71 (Flytoget), 73, 74, 78
* Pendolino
* Railjet
* Regina
* Shinkansen series 0, 100, 400, E1, E4
* SBB RABDe 500
* Re 460
* SC-44
* SCB-40
* X 2000, SJ X40
* Z-TER (Z 21500)
* Sokol
* British Rail Classes 800, 801, 802, 803, 805, 807, 810
* Talgo XXI
* Voyager/Meridian
* X3

Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category)

High-speed railway line|

* List of high-speed railway lines

By countries and territories

planned networks in italics|

| Africa|

* Egypt
* Morocco

|

Americas|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Canada
* Mexico
* United States

Asia|

* China
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* South Korea
* Malaysia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Italy
* Latvia
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia

* Proposed high-speed rail by country

* v
* t
* e

Multiple units of China Railway

Electric multiple unit

Centralized Power|

| Pre-CRH era|

* X2000 "Xinshisu"S
* DDJ1 "Great White Shark"S
* DJJ1 "Blue Arrow"
* DJJ2 "China Star"S

|

Fuxing EMU|

* CR200J
* CR220J

Distributed Power|

| Pre-CRH era|

* KDZ1S
* KDZ1A "Chuncheng"S
* DJF1 "Zhongyuan Star"S
* DJF2 "Xianfeng"S
* DJF3 "Mount Changbai"

|

CRH|

| 200－250km/h|

* CRH1A/B/E/A-A/E-250
* CRH2A/B/E/G
* CRH3A
* CRH5A/E/G

|

350－380km/h|

* CRH3C
* CRH2C
* CRH380A/AL (Vibrant Express)
* CRH380B/BL/BG
* CRH380CL
* CRH380D

Others|

* Comprehensive inspection trains

Intercity multiple units|

| CJ-series intercity units|

* CRH3A (CJ1)
* CJ2
* CJ3
* CJ5
* CJ6

|

CRH intercity EMU|

* CRH6A/A-A/F/F-A/S
* CRH3A-A

Fuxing EMU|

| 200－300km/h|

* CR300AF
* CR300BF

|

300－400km/h|

* CR400AF
* CR400BF

400－450km/h|

* CR450AF
* CR450BF

Diesel multiple unit

Centralized Power|

* Dongfeng DMUS
* NZJ1 "Xinshuguang"S
* NZJ2
* NDJ3 "Changcheng"
* NYJ1
* Putian DMUS
* Tianchi DMUS

Distributed Power|

* NC3 DMU
* Tianan DMUS
* NZJ "Lushan"
* NYF1
* TSD09
* CJ5 (DEMU)

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