Chinese-style modernization

Chinese Communist Party slogan

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Chinese-style modernization (Chinese: 中国式现代化), also called the Chinese modernization or the Chinese path to modernization, is a political slogan promoted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), boasting a model of modernization that purportedly contrasts with Western-style development, and emphasizing the strengths of the Chinese economic and political model.

## History

[edit]

The term dates back to 1979, when Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, who mentioned it during a March 1979 speech about the Four Cardinal Principles.[1]

It became a standalone phrase in its own right under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping when, in April 2021, the People's Daily launched several articles on "dissecting Chinese-style modernization", leading rest of the Chinese state media to do the same.[1] Wang Huning, top political theorist under Xi, is considered to be related in developing the term.[2]

The term featured prominently at the CCP historical resolution under Xi, that passed in 2021. The resolution said that Chinese-style modernization would further drive the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.[1] The term appeared 11 times at Xi's political report to the 20th CCP National Congress, held in October 2022. The term also was featured prominently at the first session of the 14th National People's Congress in March 2023.[1]

## Overview

[edit]

The term has been seen as an effort by Xi to focus on strengthening China's position in the world.[3] It has also been used by Chinese leaders to envision a new type of development in the world; Xi said that Chinese-style modernization "breaks the myth of ‘modernization equals Westernization".[4] According to Xi, Chinese-style modernization has "five characteristics" (五个特征), "nine basic demands" (九个本质要求), and "five major principles" (五个重大原则):[1][5]

Characteristics and basic demands of Chinese-style modernization  Characteristics  | Basic demands  | Major principles

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1. Huge population
2. Common prosperity for all
3. Material and cultural-ethical advancement
4. Harmony between humanity and nature
5. Peaceful development

1. Upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China
2. Adherence to socialism with Chinese characteristics
3. Pursuing high-quality development
4. Developing whole-process people's democracy
5. Enriching the people's cultural lives
6. Achieving common prosperity for all
7. Promoting harmony between humanity and nature
8. Building a human community with a shared future
9. Creating a new form of human advancement

1. Upholding and strengthening the Party's leadership
2. Adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics
3. Adhering to a people-centered development philosophy
4. Adhering to reform and opening up
5. Adhering and carrying forward a fighting spirit

In particular, achieving common prosperity is considered one of the key tenets of Chinese-style modernization under Xi; Zhang Zhanbin, an official at the CCP Central Party School wrote to the People's Daily that understanding the role of common prosperity is crucial to "clearly recognizing the major differences between Chinese-style modernization and the Western modernization path."[1] Xi has stated that "Chinese modernization is socialist modernization", and that the leadership of the CCP is vital for Chinese-style modernization. He stated that without Party leadership, Chinese-style modernization "will veer off course, lose its soul, or even bring about catastrophic mistakes."[6]

## See also

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* China's peaceful rise

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f "Chinese-style Modernization". China Media Project. 4 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
2. ^ Baptista, Eduardo; Martina, Michael (2022-12-11). "Newsmaker: China's Wang Huning, a backstage ideologue and political survivor". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
3. ^ Buckley, Chris; Bradsher, Keith; Wang, Vivian; Che, Chang (2023-03-05). "After China's Winter of Discontent, Xi Jinping Sets Sights on Growth and Power". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
4. ^ "Xi Rejects Westernization in Show of Faith in Self Reliance". Bloomberg News. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
5. ^ Xi, Jinping (16 October 2022). "Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects". Qiushi. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
6. ^ Xi, Jinping (13 September 2023). "Chinese Modernization Is Socialist Modernization Led by the CPC". Qiushi. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

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Xi Jinping

* General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
* President of China
* Chairman of the Central Military Commission

Policies
and theories|

* General secretaryship
* paramount leader (2012–present)
* leadership core
* Li Qiang Government (2023–present)
* Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration
* Li Keqiang Government (2013–2023)
* Li Keqiang
* Xi Jinping Thought
* Culture
* Diplomacy
* Ecological Civilization
* Economy
* Rule of Law
* Strengthening the Military
* Both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family
* Clear waters and green mountains
* Chinese Dream
* Chinese-style modernization
* Common prosperity
* Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform
* Document Number Nine
* Double Eight Strategy
* Dual circulation
* Eight Musts
* Eight-point Regulation
* Five-in-one
* Four Comprehensives
* Four Confidences
* Four Consciousnesses
* Four Malfeasances
* Four Noes
* Great changes unseen in a century
* High-quality development
* Houses are for living, not for speculation
* New concept for development
* New normal
* New productive forces
* Party media takes the party's last name
* Public opinion struggle
* Roll up our sleeves and work hard
* Holistic national security
* The East is rising and the West is declining
* Historical resolution
* Sense of community for the Chinese nation
* Xi's Five Points
* Telling China's stories well
* Two Cannot be Denied
* Two Centenaries
* Two Establishes
* Two Integrations
* Two Upholds
* Whole-process people's democracy

Events|

| First term|

* 2012 election as Party general secretary
* Anti-corruption campaign
* Wang Qishan (2012–2017)
* Party's Mass Line Education and Practice Activities
* August 19 speech
* Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
* Three Stricts and Three Honests
* World Internet Conference
* Deepening National Defense and Military Reform
* 709 crackdown
* Toilet Revolution in China
* 2015 China Victory Day Parade
* Ma–Xi meeting
* Xi–Chu Summit
* Battle against poverty
* Targeted Poverty Alleviation
* Two No Worries and Three Guarantees
* Symposium on News Reporting and Public Opinion
* Two Studies and One Action
* Copying the Party Constitution
* 2017 Hong Kong visit

|

Second term|

* 2017 reelection as Party general secretary
* Special Campaign to Crack Down on Organized Crime and Eliminate Evil
* Persecution of Uyghurs in China
* Xinjiang internment camps
* 2018 constitutional amendment
* Deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions
* China–United States trade war
* Strategy for Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta
* 2019–20 Hong Kong protests
* Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations
* Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind
* 2019 China 70th National Day grand parade
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Response
* Education and Rectification of the Political and Legal Teams
* 2020 Inner Mongolia protests
* 70th Anniversary of Chinese People's Volunteers
* 100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party
* 2020–2021 reform spree
* 2022 Winter Olympics
* 2022 Hong Kong visit

Third term|

* 2022 2nd reelection as Party general secretary
* 2022 COVID-19 protests in China
* Plan on reforming Party and state institutions
* 2025 Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries
* 2025 China Victory Day Parade

Diplomacy|

| Policies|

* Belt and Road Initiative
* Forum
* Community of Common Destiny
* Global Development Initiative
* Global Security Initiative
* Global Civilization Initiative
* Major-country diplomacy
* New type of international relations
* Wolf warrior diplomacy
* China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine

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Meetings
and trips|

* 2013 Russia, Tanzania, South Africa, Congo visit
* 2015 Pakistan visit
* 2015 United States visit
* 2015 United Kingdom visit
* 2017 Vietnam and Laos visit
* CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-level Meeting
* Kim–Xi meetings
* 2019 Italy and France visit
* CPC and World Political Parties Summit
* 2022 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan visit
* 2022 China-Arab States Summit
* 2023 Russia visit
* China-Central Asia Summit
* 2023 Vietnam visit
* 2024 France, Serbia, Hungary visit
* 2024 Kazakhstan and Tajikistan visit
* 2024 Peru and Brazil visit
* 2025 Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia visit
* 2025 Russia visit

Works|

* General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series
* The Governance of China
* The Hopes of President Xi
* I Am the Son of the Yellow Earth
* Zhijiang Xinyu

Family|

* Xi Zhongxun (father)
* Qi Xin (mother)
* Ke Lingling (1st wife)
* Peng Liyuan (2nd wife)
* Qi Qiaoqiao (sister)
* Xi Yuanping (brother)
* Xi Mingze (daughter)

Related|

* Amazing China
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* Cult of personality
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* General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget
* Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
* Liangjiahe
* New World
* New Zhijiang Army
* Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign
* Outline for the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
* Panama Papers (Deng Jiagui)
* Rhyzodiastes xii
* Xi Jinping Boulevard
* Xi Jinping in Fuzhou
* Xuexi Qiangguo

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