Chungseon of Goryeo

26th King of Goryeo (r. 1298)

For the same name Wang Wŏn, see Prince Hyoeun.

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Chungseon
충선왕
忠宣王

King of Goryeo
1st reign
Reign| 1298–1298
Coronation| 1298
Predecessor| Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Successor| Chungnyeol of Goryeo
King of Goryeo
2nd reign
Reign| 1308–1313
Coronation| 1308
Predecessor| Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Successor| Chungsuk of Goryeo
Prince of Shen
Reign| 1308–1316
Coronation| 1308
Successor| Wang Ko
Born| 20 October 1275
Sapan Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died| 23 June 1325 (1325-06-24) (aged 49)
Yeongyeong Mansion, Khanbaliq, Yuan Empire
Burial|

Deokneung (덕릉; 德陵)

Consort|

Princess Gyeguk

(m. 1296; died 1316)​

Issue| Chungsuk of Goryeo
Prince Deokheung
| Names

* Goryeo: Wang Won (왕원; 王謜), later Wang Chang (왕장; 王璋)
* Yuan: Ijir Bukhqa (이지르부카/익지례보화, 益知禮普花)

Posthumous name

* Great King Seonhyo
(선효대왕, 宣孝大王; given by Goryeo dynasty)
* King Chungseon
(충선왕, 忠宣王; given by Yuan dynasty)

House| Wang
Dynasty| Goryeo
Father| Chungnyeol of Goryeo
Mother| Queen Jangmok
Religion| Buddhism
Korean name

Hangul|

충선왕

Hanja|

忠宣王

Revised Romanization| Chungseon Wang
McCune–Reischauer| Ch'ungsŏn Wang
Birth name
Hangul|

왕원, later 왕장

Hanja|

王謜, later 王璋

Revised Romanization| Wang Won, later Wang Jang
McCune–Reischauer| Wang Wŏn, later Wang Chang
Courtesy name
Hangul|

Hanja|

Revised Romanization| Jungang
McCune–Reischauer| Chungang
Monarchs of Korea

Goryeo

1. Taejo 918–943
2. Hyejong 943–945
3. Jeongjong (定宗) 945–949
4. Gwangjong 949–975
5. Gyeongjong 975–981
6. Seongjong 981–997
7. Mokjong 997–1009
8. Hyeonjong 1009–1031
9. Deokjong 1031–1034
10. Jeongjong (靖宗) 1034–1046
11. Munjong 1046–1083
12. Sunjong 1083
13. Seonjong 1083–1094
14. Heonjong 1094–1095
15. Sukjong 1095–1105
16. Yejong 1105–1122
17. Injong 1122–1146
18. Uijong 1146–1170
19. Myeongjong 1170–1197
20. Sinjong 1197–1204
21. Huijong 1204–1211
22. Gangjong 1211–1213
23. Gojong 1213–1259
24. Wonjong 1259–1274
25. Chungnyeol 1274–1308
26. Chungseon 1308–1313
27. Chungsuk 1313–1330; 1332–1339
28. Chunghye 1330–1332; 1339–1344
29. Chungmok 1344–1348
30. Chungjeong 1348–1351
31. Gongmin 1351–1374
32. U 1374–1388
33. Chang 1388–1389
34. Gongyang 1389–1392

* v
* t
* e

Chungseon (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325), born Wang Wŏn (Korean: 왕원; Hanja: 王謜), later changed his name to Wang Chang (왕장; 王璋), also known by his Mongolian name Ijir Bukhqa (益知禮普花),[1] was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He reigned in 1298, and again from 1308 to 1313.

Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Dadu (the capital of the Yuan dynasty, present-day Beijing) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungnyeol and Queen Jangmok; since Wonjong of Goryeo requested to marry his son to a daughter of the Khan in 1269, which Kubilai obliged with the youngest one of his daughters. This made King Chungseon the first Goryeo monarch with Mongolian ancestry.[2]

## Biography

[edit]

In 1277, King Chungseon was confirmed as Crown Prince; the following year he travelled to China and received his Mongolian name.[citation needed]

In 1296, he married Borjigin Budashiri, a Yuan princess and great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan. However, he already had three Korean wives, who were daughters of the powerful nobles.

King Chungseon's mother died in 1297, and this was followed by a violent purge brought on by allegations that she had been murdered. Perhaps upset by these events, King Chungnyeol petitioned Yuan to abdicate the throne and was accordingly replaced by his son in 1298.[3] Faced with intense plotting between the faction of his Mongol Queen and his Korean wife, Royal Consort Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan, King Chungseon returned the throne to his father shortly thereafter.

As the grandson of Kublai Khan, Chungseon had significant sway in the Kuriltais of the early 14th century gathered to elect the new Khan. When Temür Khan's death spurred a competition to the throne, his wife Bulugan put Ananda as successor. Ayurbarwada, who was put to exile, rebelled with his brother Khayishan. King Chungseon who was their cousin, was intimate with them since his days in China, supported them. He supported Khayishan (Külüg Khan) to the throne in 1307, and supported Ayurbarwada (Buyantu Khan) to the throne in 1311.[4] Thus he sat 7th in hierarchy in the empire after the sons of the Khan in their Kurultai.[5][6]

Külüg Khan thanked his efforts by giving him a new title on top of his kingship of Goryeo, the Prince/King of Shenyang,[a][b] in 1307[7] or 1308 specifically mentioned as thanks to his efforts of bringing the Khan to power.[4] After his father's death in 1308, King Chungseon obliged to return to the throne of Goryeo and made efforts to reform court politics, but spent as much time as possible in China. In 1310, his Chinese title was changed to Prince/King of Shen.[c][8] He is a very rare case of personal unions in East Asia.

He retired from the throne in 1313, and was replaced by his son, Wang Do. After the death of Buyantu Khan (Renzong of Yuan 元仁宗) in 1320, King Chungseon was briefly sent into exile to Tibet (lately Sakya) by the new Khan, but was permitted to return to Khanbaliq soon thereafter, where he died in 1325.

## Family

[edit]

* Father: Chungnyeol of Goryeo (1236–1308)
* Grandfather: Wonjong of Goryeo (1219–1274)
* Grandmother: Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan (1222–1237)
* Mother: Queen Jangmok of the Yuan Borjigin clan (1251–1297)
* Grandfather: Kublai Khan of Yuan (1215–1294)
* Grandmother:  Chabi khatun of Yuan (1216–1281)[9]
* Consorts and their respective issue:

1. Borjigin Budashiri, Princess Supreme of Gye State(d. 1315) – No issue.
2. Yasokjin, Royal Consort Ui (d. 1316)
1. Wang Kam, Prince Gwangneung
2. Wang To, Chungsuk of Goryeo
3. Royal Consort Jeong of the Kaeseong Wang clan(d. 1345) – No issue.
4. Royal Consort Cho of the Pungyang Cho clan – No issue.
5. Lady Sunhwa, Royal Consort Won of the Namyang Hong clan(d. 1306) – No issue.
6. Royal Consort Sun of the Yangcheon Heo clan (1271–1335) – No issue.
7. Royal Consort Suk of the Eonyang Kim clan– No issue.
8. Unknown
1. Wang Hye, Prince Deokheung
2. Princess Suchun

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Chungseon of Goryeo

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16\. Gangjong of Goryeo

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 8\. King Gojong of Goryeo|

|  |  |
| 17\. Queen Wondeok of the Yu clan

| 4\. King Wonjong of Goryeo|

|  |  |  |  |
| 18\. King Huijong of Goryeo

| 9\. Queen Anhye of the Yu clan|

|  |  |
| 19\. Queen Seongpyeong of the Jangheung Im clan

| 2\. King Chungnyeol of Goryeo|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20\. Kim T'ae-sŏ

| 10\. Kim Yak-sŏn|

|  |  |
| 21\. Lady Min

| 5\. Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan|

|  |  |  |  |
| 22\. C'hoe U

| 11\. Lady Ch'oe|

|  |  |
| 23\. Grand Lady Byeon of the Hadong Jeong clan

| 1\. King Chungseon of Goryeo|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24\. Genghis Khan (=30)

| 12\. Tolui Khan|

|  |  |
| 25\. Börte Ujin (=31)

| 6\. Kublai Khan|

|  |  |  |  |
| 26\. Jakha Gambhu

| 13\. Sorghaghtani Beki|

|  |  |
| 27\. Wasai

| 3\. Borjigin Qutugh Kelmysh|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 28\. Alchi

| 14\. Chigu Noyan of Khongirad|

|  |  |
| 29\. Princess Jining

| 7\. Chabi Khatun|

|  |  |  |  |
| 30\. Genghis Khan (=24)

| 15\. Tümelün behi|

|  |  |
| 31\. Börte Ujin (=25)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Popular culture

[edit]

* Portrayed by Moon Woo-jin, Nam Da-reum and Im Si-wan in the 2017 MBC TV series The King in Love.

## See also

[edit]

* List of Korean monarchs
* Goryeo under Mongol rule

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In English, the title wang (王) can be translated as both "prince" (秦王 or Prince of Qin, Emperor Taizong of Tang's title until Xuanwu Gate Incident) and "king" (魏王 or King of Wei, Cao Cao's title at the time of his death).
2. ^ 瀋陽王 (Simplified Chinese: 沈阳王, Pinyin: Shěnyáng Wáng; 심양왕; Simyang Wang).
3. ^ 瀋王 (Simplified Chinese: 沈王, Pinyin: Shěn Wáng; 심왕; Sim Wang).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ 范永聰 (2009). 事大與保國 ── 元明之際的中韓關係 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 香港教育圖書公司. p. 58\. ISBN 9789882003019.
2. ^ Doo, Rumy (July 4, 2017). "'The King Loves' delves into destructive desire of Goryeo King". The Korean Herald. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
3. ^ 고려 충선왕, 유배 길에 오르다!. December 19, 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
4. ^ a b According to Goryeosa (specifically 《高麗史·卷三十二·世家》).
5. ^ 蒙·元제국 쿠릴타이(Quriltai) 연구 https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/121641/1/000000136576.pdf
6. ^ According to the Goryeosa (specifically 《高麗史·卷三十一·世家》)
7. ^ According to the History of Yuan (specifically, 《元史·卷二十二·武宗一》).
8. ^ According to the History of Yuan (specifically, 《元史·卷二十三·武宗二》).
9. ^ "高麗史/卷八十九 - 维基文库，自由的图书馆". zh.wikisource.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2023-04-13.

* 충선왕 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.

## External links

[edit]

* A Study on Relations between Koryo's Policy towards Yuan and Costume Policy under Yuan's Interference (Author: Ahn, Jeong-hee) (Didital Collection, Donga University, South Korea)

Chungseon of Goryeo

House of Wang

Born: 20 October 1275 Died: 23 June 1325

Regnal titles
Preceded by

King Chungnyeol

|  King of Goryeo
1298  | Succeeded by

King Chungnyeol

King of Goryeo
1308–1313  | Succeeded by

King Chungsuk

Chinese royalty
New creation |  Prince of Shenyang
c. 1308 – 1310  | Succeeded by

Himself

as Prince of Shen
Preceded by

Himself

as Prince of Shenyang  |  Prince of Shen
1310–1316  | Succeeded by

Wang Ko

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Korea

*[m.]: married
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