Citrus × sinensis

Cultivated trees bearing sweet oranges

For other fruit called orange, see List of plants known as orange.

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Citrus × sinensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Sapindales
Family:  | Rutaceae
Genus:  | Citrus
Species:  |

C. × sinensis

Binomial name
Citrus × sinensis

(L.) Osbeck[1]

Synonyms

Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Citrus × sinensis (sometimes written Citrus sinensis), a hybrid between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata), also known as the sweet oranges, is a commonly cultivated species of orange that includes Valencia oranges, blood oranges and navel oranges.[1]

## Uses

[edit]

The orange fruit is an important agricultural product, used for both the juicy fruit pulp and the aromatic peel (rind). Orange blossoms (the flowers) are used in several different ways, as are the leaves and wood of the tree.

### Flowers

[edit]

* The orange blossom, which is the state flower of Florida,[2] is highly fragrant and traditionally associated with good fortune. It has long been popular in bridal bouquets and head wreaths.
* Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume.
* Orange blossom petals can also be made into a delicately citrus-scented counterpart to rosewater, known as "orange blossom water" or "orange flower water". It is a common ingredient in French and Middle Eastern cuisines, especially in desserts and baked goods. In some Middle Eastern countries, drops of orange flower water are added to disguise the unpleasant taste of hard water drawn from wells or stored in qullahs (traditional Egyptian water pitchers made of porous clay). In the United States, orange flower water is used to make orange blossom scones and marshmallows.
* In Spain, fallen blossoms are dried and used to make orange tea.
* Orange blossom honey (or citrus honey) is obtained by putting beehives in the citrus groves while trees bloom. By this method, bees also pollinate seeded citrus varieties. This type of honey has an orangey taste and is highly prized.[citation needed]

### Leaves

[edit]

* Orange leaves can be boiled to make orange tea.

### Wood

[edit]

* Orangewood  sticks are used as cuticle pushers in manicures and pedicures, as spudgers for manipulating slender electronic wires and as peg wood in watchmaking.
* Orangewood is used in the same way as mesquite, oak, and hickory for seasoning grilled meat.

* Orange trees in movable pots, so that they can be placed indoors for the winter

* Orange flowers

* Unripened fruit

* Blood oranges

* Oranges on the branch

* Oranges on a tree

* A mature tree in Galicia, Spain

## Threats

[edit]

### Giant swallowtail larva

[edit]

Giant swallowtail caterpillars (Papilio cresphontes) cause serious damage to this crop, especially to young trees.[3]

## See also

[edit]

* The orange blossom gives its touristic nickname to the Costa del Azahar ("Orange blossom coast"), the Castellón seaboard.
* Citrus greening disease \- bacterial disease killing orange trees and other citrus fruits grown

## References

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Citrus sinensis (category)

Wikispecies has information related to Citrus sinensis.

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:772052-1

1. ^ a b "Citrus sinensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
2. ^ "Florida State Symbols". Florida Department of State. Division of Historical Resources. Archived from the original on 2014-04-27. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
3. ^ "Giant Swallowtail, Orangedog, Papilio cresphontes Cramer (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)1 (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2017-11-14.

## External links

[edit]

* Porcher Michel H.; et al. (1995–2002), Sorting Citrus Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress, The University of Melbourne, Australia
* Xu, Q.; Chen, L.-L.; Ruan, X.; Chen, D.; Zhu, A.; Chen, C.; Bertrand, D.; Jiao, W.-B.; Hao, B.-H.; Lyon, M.P.; Chen, J.; Gao, S.; Xing, F.; Lan, H.; Chang, J.-W.; Ge, X.; Lei, Y.; Hu, Q.; Miao, Y.; Wang, L.; Xiao, S.; Biswas, M.K.; Zeng, W.; Guo, F.; Cao, H.; Yang, X.; Xu, X.-W.; Cheng, Y.-J.; Xu, J.; Liu, J.-H.; Luo, O.J.; Tang, Z.; Guo, W.-W.; Kuang, H.; Zhang, H.-Y.; Roose, M.L.; Nagarajan, N.; Deng, X.-X.; Ruan, Y. (2013), "The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)", Nature Genetics, 45 (1): 59–66, doi:10.1038/ng.2472, PMID 23179022
* Bausher, Michael G; Singh, Nameirakpam D; Lee, Seung-Bum; Jansen, Robert K; Daniell, Henry (2006). "The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var 'Ridge Pineapple': Organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms". BMC Plant Biology. 6: 21. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-6-21. PMC 1599732. PMID 17010212.

* v
* t
* e

Citrus

True species|

* Australian and Papuan wild limes group
* Citron
* Ichang papeda
* Kaffir lime
* Kumquats group
* Mandarin orange
* Mangshanyegan
* Mountain citron
* Pomelo
* Ryukyu mandarin

Major hybrids|

* Grapefruit
* Lemon
* Lime
* Orange (sweet orange)

True and hybrid
cultivars|

* Alemow
* Amanatsu
* Assam lemon
* Bergamot orange
* Bizzarria
* Bitter orange
* Blood lime
* Blood orange
* Byeonggyul
* Biasong
* Cam sành
* Cara Cara navel orange
* Citrange
* Citrumelo
* Citrus taiwanica
* Clementine
* Coorg orange
* Daidai
* Dekopon
* Encore
* Fairchild tangerine
* Florentine citron
* Forbidden fruit
* Ginger lime
* Haruka
* Hassaku
* Hebesu
* Heen naran
* Hyuganatsu
* Imperial lemon
* Indian wild orange
* Iyokan
* Jabara
* Jaffa orange
* Jamaican tangelo
* Kabbad
* Kabosu
* Kaji Nemu
* Kakadu lime
* Kalpi
* Kanpei
* Kawachi bankan
* Key lime
* Khasi papeda
* Kinkoji unshiu
* Kinnow
* Kishu mikan
* Kiyomi
* Kobayashi mikan
* Koji
* Komikan
* Laraha
* Lemonade fruit
* Limón de Pica
* Lumia
* Mandelo
* Mandora
* Melanesian papeda
* Melogold
* Meyer lemon
* Micrantha
* Midknight Valencia Orange
* Murcott
* Myrtle-leaved orange tree
* Nagpur orange
* Nasnaran
* New Zealand grapefruit
* Ōgonkan
* Orangelo/Chironja
* Oroblanco
* Palestinian sweet lime
* Persian lime
* Pixie mandarin
* Pompia
* Ponderosa lemon
* Ponkan
* Rangpur
* Reikou
* Rhobs el Arsa
* Rough lemon
* Samuyao
* Sanbokan
* Satsuma mandarin
* Setoka
* Shangjuan
* Shonan Gold
* Smith Red Valencia
* Sudachi
* Suruga yuko
* Sweet lemon
* Sweet limetta
* Tangelo
* Tangerine
* Tangor
* Tsunonozomi
* Valencia orange
* Variegated pink lemon
* Volkamer lemon
* Winged lime
* Xã Đoài orange
* Yūkō
* Yuzu

Citrons|

* Balady citron
* Corsican citron
* Diamante citron
* Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
* Greek citron
* Moroccan citron
* Yemenite citron

Mandarin oranges|

* Cleopatra mandarin
* Shīkwāsā
* Nanfengmiju
* Tachibana
* Willowleaf orange

Papedas|

* Celebes papeda
* Mountain "citron"
* Ichang papeda

Pomelos|

* Banpeiyu
* Dangyuja

Kumquats group|

| Kumquat species|

* Hong Kong kumquat
* Meiwa kumquat
* Oval kumquat
* Round kumquat
* Jiangsu kumquat
* Malayan kumquat

|

Kumquat hybrids
(× Citrofortunella)|

* Calamansi
* Citrangequat
* Limequat
* Mandarinquat
* Procimequat
* Sunquat
* Yuzuquat

Australian
and Papuan
wild limes group|

| Eromocitrus
(former genera)|

* Desert lime

|

Microcitrus
(former genera)|

* New Guinea wild lime
* Australian round lime
* Russell River lime
* Maiden's wild lime
* Mount White lime
* Australian finger lime
* Brown River finger lime

Clymenia
(former genera)|

* Clymenia platypoda
* Clymenia polyandra

Oxanthera
(former genera)|

* Orange-flowered oxanthera
* Large-leaf oxanthera
* Wavy-leaf oxanthera
* Oxanthera brevipes

Related genera
(perhaps
properly Citrus)|

* Poncirus/Trifoliate orange

Drinks|

* Calamansi juice
* Chūhai
* Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
* Grapefruit juice
* Lemon liqueur
* Cedratine
* Curaçao
* Limoncello
* Lemonade
* Mint lemonade
* Swiss lemonade
* Lime cordial
* Limeade
* Orange juice
* Triple sec
* Yuja-hwachae
* Yuja tea

Products|

* Calcium citrate
* Citric acid
* Chenpi
* Dried lime
* Lemonene
* Limonene
* Marmalade
* Neroli
* Oleo saccharum
* Orange flower water
* Orange oil
* Orange oil tires
* Orangeat
* Pickled lime
* Chanh muối
* Preserved lemon
* Succade
* Zest
* Twist

Diseases|

* Black spot
* Canker
* CTV/Tristeza
* Exocortis
* Greening
* Mal secco
* Phytophthora
* citricola

Citrus botanists|

* Clara H. Hasse
* Robert Willard Hodgson
* Lena B. Smithers Hughes
* David Mabberley
* Clément Rodier
* Robert Soost
* Walter Tennyson Swingle
* Chōzaburō Tanaka
* Ikuro Takahashi
* Johann Christoph Volkamer
* Herbert John Webber

Citrus production|

* Citrus rootstock
* Kumquat production in China
* Lemon Capital of the World
* Lime production in Mexico
* Orange production in Brazil

Related topics|

* The Citrus Industry
* Citrus taxonomy
* Cold-hardy citrus
* Hesperidium
* Japanese citrus
* List of citrus fruits
* Mother Orange Tree
* Orangery
* University of California Citrus Experiment Station
* University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection

* Category
* Production
* Commons

Taxon identifiers

Citrus ×sinensis|

* Wikidata: Q3355098
* APDB: 90377
* Ecocrop: 720
* EoL: 582206
* EPPO: CIDSI
* EUNIS: 181687
* GBIF: 8206387
* GRIN: 10782
* iNaturalist: 331126
* IPA: 11731
* IPNI: 772052-1
* IRMNG: 11193531
* ITIS: 825213
* NatureServe: 2.139485
* NCBI: 2711
* NZOR: e918819c-8005-42d7-9fc5-942b59945bdc
* NZPCN: 3708
* Observation.org: 144915
* Open Tree of Life: 3942433
* Plant List: tro-50149358
* PLANTS: CISI3
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:772052-1
* Tropicos: 28100387

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany
* Spain

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