City of Bradford

City and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England

This article is about the metropolitan borough (division of West Yorkshire county). For the city itself of the same name, see Bradford. For other uses, see Bradford (disambiguation).

City and metropolitan borough in England

City of Bradford

City and metropolitan borough

Bradford

* From left to right
* Top: Bradford City Hall and fountains
* Upper: Queensbury and Shipley skyline
* Lower: Silsden town hall and Keighley town centre
* Bottom: Bingley All Saints Church and Ilkley Moor

Coat of arms

Nickname:

'Wool City'[1][2]

Motto:

'Progress-Industry-Humanity'

Bradford shown within West Yorkshire

Coordinates: 53°47′31″N 1°45′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.792°N 1.754°W﻿ / 53.792; -1.754
Sovereign state| United Kingdom
Country| England
Region| Yorkshire and the Humber
Ceremonial county| West Yorkshire
Historic county| Yorkshire
Admin HQ| Bradford
Borough charter| 1847
City status| 1897
City of Bradford Met. District created| 1974
Government

• Type| Metropolitan borough, City
• Governing body| City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
• Council Leader| Susan Hinchcliffe (Lab)
• Lord Mayor| Cllr Doreen Lee (Lab)
• Deputy Lord Mayor| Cllr Shabir Hussain (Lab)
• MPs:| Anna Dixon (Lab)
Naz Shah (Lab)
Robbie Moore (Con)
Judith Cummins (Lab)
Imran Hussain (Lab)
Area

• Total

| 143 sq mi (370 km2)
Population

(2022)

• Total

| 552,644 (Ranked 9th)
• Density| 3,341/sq mi (1,290/km2)
• Ethnicity
(2021 census)[4]

* 61.1% White
* 32.1% Asian
* 2.0% Black
* 2.7% Mixed
* 2.0% Other

[3]
Ethnicity (2021)

[5]

• Ethnic groups|

List

* 61.1% White
* 32.1% Asian
* 2.7% Mixed
* 2% Black
* 2% other

Religion (2021)

[5]

• Religion|

List

* 33.4% Christianity
* 30.5% Islam
* 28.2% no religion
* 5.5% not stated
* 0.9% Sikhism
* 0.9% Hinduism
* 0.4% other
* 0.2% Buddhism
* 0.1% Judaism

Time zone| UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
Postcode|

BD, LS

Area code(s)| 01274 (urban core/wider city)
01535 (Keighley)
01943 (Ilkley)
ISO 3166-2| GB-BFD
ONS code| 00CX (ONS)
E08000032 (GSS)
NUTS 3| UKE41
OS grid reference| SE164331
Website| www.bradford.gov.uk
Click the map for an interactive fullscreen view

Bradford (/ˈbrædfərd/ ⓘ),[6] also known as the City of Bradford, is a metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a larger area which includes the towns and villages of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden, Queensbury, Thornton and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 528,155,[7] making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the ninth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2011 had a population of 1,777,934,[8] and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom after London, Birmingham and Manchester.[9]

The city is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees and the south west by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Pendle borough of Lancashire lies to the west whilst the unitary authority of North Yorkshire lie to the north west and north east of the city. Bradford is the 4th largest metropolitan district in the country, and the contiguous urban area to the north which includes the towns of Shipley and Bingley is heavily populated. The spa town of Ilkley lies further north, whilst the town of Keighley lies to the west. Roughly two thirds of the district is rural, with an environment varying from moorlands in the north and west, to valleys and floodplains formed by the river systems that flow throughout the district. More than half of Bradford's land is green open space, stretching over part of the Airedale and Wharfedale Valleys, across the hills and the Pennine moorland between. The Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District are both in close proximity.[10]

The City of Bradford has architecture designated as being of special or historic importance, most of which were constructed with local stone, with 5,800 listed buildings and 59 conservation areas.[11] The model village of Saltaire has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Central Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment. However, Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of northern England, including deindustrialisation, housing problems, and economic deprivation. Wool and textiles still play an important part in the city's economy, but today's fastest-growing sectors include information technology, financial services, digital industries, environmental technologies, cultural industries, tourism and retail headquarters and distribution.

Bradford has experienced significant levels of immigration throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1840s Bradford's population was significantly increased by migrants from Ireland,[12] particularly rural County Mayo and County Sligo, and by 1851 around 18,000 people of Irish origin resided in the town, representing around 10% of the population, the largest proportion in Yorkshire. Around the same time there was also an influx of German Jewish migrants to the town, and by 1910 around 1,500 people of German origin resided in the city.[13] In the 1950s there was large scale immigration from South Asia and to a lesser extent from Poland. Bradford has the second highest proportion in England and Wales outside London, in terms of population (behind Birmingham) and in percentage (behind Slough, Leicester, Luton and Blackburn with Darwen). An estimated 140,149 people of South Asian origin reside in the city, representing around 26.83% of the city's population.[14] An estimated 352,317 of all White ethnic groups reside in the city which includes people of Polish and Irish origin, representing around 67.44% of the city's population.[15]

In 2025, Bradford will become the UK City of Culture having won the UK City of Culture designation on 31 May 2022.[16]

## History

[edit]

Bradford was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1847, covering the parishes of Bradford, Horton and Manningham. It became a county borough with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888. The County Borough of Bradford was granted city status by Letters Patent in 1897.

Bradford was expanded in 1882 to include Allerton, Bolton, Bowling, Heaton, Thornbury and Tyersall. In 1899 it was further expanded by adding North Bierley, Eccleshill, Idle, Thornton, Tong, and Wyke. Clayton was added in 1930.

Anne, Emily, and Charlotte Brontë, by their brother Branwell (c. 1834).

The Brontë sisters, Emily, Anne, and Charlotte were born along with their brother Branwell at 74 Market Street in Thornton, now in Bradford, before moving to the parsonage at Haworth in the heart of West Yorkshire's Brontë Country where they wrote a range of classics of English literature including "Wuthering Heights" and "Jane Eyre".

The city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. A mural on the back of the Priestley Centre For The Arts in Little Germany commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in Bradford in 1893.[17]

The Bradford Pals were three First World War Pals battalions of Kitchener's Army raised in the city. When the three battalions were taken over by the British Army they were officially named the 16th, 18th and 20th Battalions, The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment.

Bradford Cathedral, one of the oldest churches in Bradford and its main cathedral

On the morning of 1 July 1916, an estimated 1,394 young men from Bradford and District The Bradford Pals, the 16th and 18th Battalions of the Prince of Wales Own West Yorkshire Regiment left their trenches in Northern France to advance across No Man's Land. It was the first hour of the first day of the Battle of the Somme. Of the estimated 1,394 men who left the trenches 1,094 were either killed or injured during the ill-fated attack on the village of Serre.[18]

Other Bradford Battalions involved in the Battle of the Somme were 1st/6th Territorial Battalion of The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment, based at Belle Vue barracks in Manningham and the 10th Battalion of The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment.[19][20] The 1st/6th Territorial Battalion of The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment first saw action in 1915 at Neuve Chapelle before moving north to Yser Canal near Ypres. The 10th Battalion The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment was involved in the attack on Fricourt, the 10th West Yorks suffered the highest casualty rate of any battalion on the Somme on 1 July and perhaps the highest battalion casualty list for a single day during the entire war. Nearly 60% of the battalion's casualties were deaths.

In 1919 the Diocese of Bradford was founded, the Church of Saint Peter was then elevated to cathedral status.

The National Science and Media Museum

The current city boundaries date from 1 April 1974, when the County Borough of Bradford was merged with the borough of Keighley, the urban districts of Baildon, Bingley, Denholme, Ilkley, Shipley and Silsden, along with the Queensbury parts of Queensbury and Shelf Urban District and the parishes of Addingham, and Steeton with Eastburn from Skipton Rural District. Kildwick was part of Bradford at this time, but has since been moved into the Craven District (part of North Yorkshire).

The National Science and Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television) was established in the city in 1983. One of the first cinema shows outside London took place on the site where the museum now stands, in a music hall known as the People's Palace.[21] Today, the National Science and Media Museum hosts the annual Widescreen Weekend film festival.[22]

With a large influx of South Asian immigrants and the Bradford Council's pursuit of a policy of multiculturalism in the 1980s, separatism between ethnic communities became an issue, an issue highlighted by Bradford headteacher Ray Honeyford.[23] In 1989, a section of the Muslim community led a campaign against Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses, and caught the attention of the international media by publicly burning a copy of the book.[24][25] In July 2001, ethnic tensions led to rioting. The Ouseley Report, written shortly before the riots broke out, noted that Bradford had become deeply divided by segregated schooling, with communities deeply ignorant of each other, and there was widespread fear of crime and violence which West Yorkshire Police had insufficiently tackled for fear of being branded racist.[23][26]

In one case, a Bradford man whose car was set on fire following his conversion complained to police, but the officer advised him to "stop being a crusader and move to another place."[27]

In response to the Ouseley Report, approximately £3 million was provided by the Home Office and the Neighbourhood Renewal Fund to regenerate the city.[28] A further £2 billion was invested in regenerating the city centre, building a banqueting hall, new housing, and leisure facilities.[29]

Salts Mill

In December 2001, Saltaire was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This means that the government has a duty to protect the site. The buildings belonging to the model village are individually listed, with the highest level of protection given to the Congregational church (since 1972 known as the United Reformed Church) which is listed as Grade I. The village which includes Salts Mill (pictured right) has survived remarkably complete with Roberts Park on the north side of the river recently restored by Bradford Council.[30]

In October 2007, Bradford was voted the greenest city in the United Kingdom.[31] In the Sustainable Cities Index, compiled by Forum for the Future, the city was revealed to have the lowest environmental impact of any British city.[32] In spite of its undeniably large role in the Industrial Revolution, Bradford's rivers were not polluted beyond redemption, and the streams surrounding the city are now a haven of wildlife.[33] The City of Bradford has areas of green space, and recycling schemes.[34]

Bradford became the world's first UNESCO City of Film in 2009. The designation recognises Bradford's aim to use this history and the local popularity and accessibility of film as a major tool for regeneration, cultural development and social inclusion.[35]

The cinema connections in the city (which is also the home of the National Science and Media Museum) are both historical and contemporary, with ongoing efforts to preserve, promote, and enrich the city's heritage of film. Bradford has been a film location since the beginning of cinema, with its indigenous film industry being traced back to the years around the First World War. By then the residents of Bradford had already witnessed important contributions to cinema development, such as the invention of the Cieroscope in Manningham in 1896.

In April 2021, Little Germany was one of the areas where scenes for the second series of All Creatures Great and Small were being filmed. Some child and adult actors from the theatre school Articulate were to appear in some episodes.[36]

## Geography

[edit]

The City of Bradford is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, and the southwest by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Lancashire Borough of Pendle lies to the west, whilst North Yorkshire districts of Craven and Harrogate lie to the north west and north east respectively. Bradford district has 3636 hectares of upland heathland, including Ilkley Moor where the peat bogs rise to 402 m (1,319 ft) above sea level. Less than 5% of the Bradford district is woodland. Greenspace accounts for 73.8% of the City of Bradford's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 12.1%, and the rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings.[37]

Three river systems serve the City of Bradford, along with 23 km of canal. The Airedale towns of Keighley, Bingley and Shipley lie on the River Aire. The River Wharfe runs through Ilkley and Burley in Wharfedale, and tributaries of the River Calder run through the district. Unusually for a major settlement, Bradford is not built on any substantial body of water. The ford from which it takes its name (Broad-Ford) was a crossing of the stream called Bradford Beck.

### Parishes

[edit]

While most of Bradford is unparished, there are parish and town councils for most of the outlying towns and villages in the District. From 2009, the parishes are:

* Addingham
* Baildon
* Burley
* Clayton
* Cullingworth
* Denholme
* Harden
* Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury
* Ilkley
* Keighley
* Menston
* Oxenhope
* Sandy Lane
* Silsden
* Steeton with Eastburn
* Trident
* Wilsden
* Wrose

## Governance

[edit]

Bradford City Hall Tower and Flagpole

### Parliamentary constituencies

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2016)

|

The residents of Bradford are represented in the British Parliament by Members of Parliament (MPs) for five separate parliamentary constituencies. Bradford East is represented by Imran Hussain (Labour), Bradford West is represented by Naz Shah (Labour), Bradford South is represented by Judith Cummins (Labour), Shipley is represented by Philip Davies (Conservative), and Keighley is represented by Robbie Moore (Conservative).

The city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. A mural on the back of the Priestley Centre For The Arts (visible from Leeds Road) commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in 1893.[38]

### Council

[edit]

Main article: City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council

In 1974, City Of Bradford Metropolitan District Council was created to administer the newly formed metropolitan borough. The County Borough of Bradford was merged with the Borough of Keighley, the Urban Districts of Baildon, Bingley, Denholme, Ilkley, Shipley and Silsden, along with part of Queensbury and Shelf Urban District and part of Skipton Rural District by the Local Government Act 1972. The council, which is based at Bradford City Hall in Centenary Square, governs the whole metropolitan district. The city was granted the right on 18 September 1907 to elect a Lord Mayor.[39]

The city is divided into 30 Electoral Wards, each ward electing three Councillors. Elections are held in May, where one third of the 90 seats (one for each ward) are contested and the successful candidate is elected for a period of four years.

Political party make-up of Bradford Council | Party  | Seats 2016[40] | Current Council (2016)

|
|
|

| Labour | 49 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Conservative | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lib Dems | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Greens | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Independent | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| The Independents  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Queensbury Independents  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Electoral wards

[edit]

The Metropolitan District is divided into 30 electoral wards.

Ward name  | Area (ha)/mi2 | Population  | Population density
(people per hectare)  | Ref.

|
|
|
|

Baildon | 1,086 hectares (4.19 sq mi) | 12,067 | 14.33  | [41]
Bingley | 1,241 hectares (4.79 sq mi) | 13,675 | 11.01  | [42]
Bingley Rural | 3,164 hectares (12.22 sq mi) | 15,142 | 4.79  | [43]
Bolton and Undercliffe | 326 hectares (1.26 sq mi) | 15,445 | 47.38  | [44]
Bowling and Barkerend | 190 hectares (0.73 sq mi) | 17,917 | 94.3  | [45]
Bradford Moor | 238 hectares (0.92 sq mi) | 17,497 | 73.52  | [46]
City | 464 hectares (1.79 sq mi) | 18,485 | 39.80  | [47]
Clayton and Fairweather Green | 579 hectares (2.24 sq mi) | 15,191 | 26.24  | [48]
Craven | 5,008 hectares (19.34 sq mi) | 15,875 | 3.17  | [49]
Eccleshill | 285 hectares (1.10 sq mi) | 13,278 | 46.58  | [50]
Great Horton | 317 hectares (1.22 sq mi) | 16,019 | 50.47  | [51]
Heaton | 613 hectares (2.37 sq mi) | 16,913 | 27.59  | [52]
Idle and Thackley | 685 hectares (2.64 sq mi) | 14,366 | 20.97  | [53]
Ilkley | 1,907 hectares (7.36 sq mi) | 13,828 | 7.25  | [54]
Keighley Central | 508 hectares (1.96 sq mi) | 16,426 | 32.33  | [55]
Keighley East | 2,345 hectares (9.05 sq mi) | 15,000 | 6.4  | [56]
Keighley West | 939 hectares (3.63 sq mi) | 16,281 | 17.33  | [57]
Little Horton | 309 hectares (1.19 sq mi) | 16,431 | 53.17  | [58]
Manningham | 358 hectares (1.38 sq mi) | 17,522 | 48.94  | [59]
Queensbury | 948 hectares (3.66 sq mi) | 17,573 | 18.54  | [60]
Royds | 347 hectares (1.34 sq mi) | 15,266 | 43.99  | [61]
Shipley | 596 hectares (2.30 sq mi) | 13,822 | 23.19  | [62]
Thornton and Allerton | 1,376 hectares (5.31 sq mi) | 15,108 | 10.98  | [63]
Toller | 270 hectares (1.0 sq mi) | 18,951 | 70.24  | [64]
Tong | 1,348 hectares (5.20 sq mi) | 13,823 | 10.25  | [65]
Wharfedale | 1,573 hectares (6.07 sq mi) | 11,126 | 7.07  | [66]
Wibsey | 278 hectares (1.07 sq mi) | 13,447 | 48.35  | [67]
Windhill and Wrose | 448 hectares (1.73 sq mi) | 15,244 | 34.03  | [68]
Worth Valley | 5,989 hectares (23.12 sq mi) | 15,546 | 2.6  | [69]
Wyke | 867 hectares (3.35 sq mi) | 15,897 | 18.33  | [70]

### Possible split of district

[edit]

Between 2020 and 2022 there was a campaign led by Philip Davies and Robbie Moore, the Conservative MPs for Shipley and Keighley, for their constituencies to break away from Bradford. They claimed the council's focus was too much on Bradford urban area, to the detriment of the smaller centres of Bingley, Ilkley, Keighley, and Shipley, which they said suffered a lack of investment and service cuts as well as council tax hikes. The move for independence was criticised by Bradford City Council.[71][72][73] Moore promoted a private member's bill which would have allowed a referendum to be held on the matter, but it did not proceed beyond its second reading in the House of Commons in 2022.[74]

### Coat of arms

[edit]

Bradford Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Bradford City council is based on that of the former City and County Borough Council, with additions to indicate the merger of eleven Yorkshire councils.[75] The boar's head, as in the former city council's crest, refers to the legend of the boar of Cliffe Wood. This was a ferocious wild boar that terrorised the populace and caused much damage to land and property; so much so that the Lord of the Manor offered a reward for anyone brave enough to slay the boar and bring its head to the Manor House. The mural crown is a frequent symbol of local government, but here also suggests a wellhead.[76] The stag is derived from the device of the Denholme Urban District Council and the arms of the former Borough of Keighley, but represents the District as a whole. The white angora goat is retained from the former arms, recalling that the wool of this animal was used in the local industries. The roses on the collars refer to the Yorkshire rose and the compartment resembles the area's hills and dales.[76]

The original Bradford Coat of Arms had the Latin words 'LABOR OMNIA VINCIT' below it, meaning Work conquers all.

## Demography

[edit]

Main article: Demographics of Bradford

Population density in the Bradford Metropolitan District Council Area from the 2011 census[77]

At the 2011 UK census, the City of Bradford had a population of 522,452.[78] Of the 180,246 households in Bradford, 36.5% were married couples living together, 28% were one-person households, 10.8% were lone parents and 8.4% were co-habiting couples, following a similar trend to the rest of England.[79] The population density was 1,290 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,300 inhabitants/sq mi) and for every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. Of those aged 16–74, 24.5% had no academic qualifications, lower than the 28.9% in all of England. 11.8% of Bradford residents were born outside the United Kingdom, higher than the England average of 9.2%.[79]

In the 2011 census, it stated that 67.44% (352,317) of the city's population was White (All White ethnic groups), 2.48% (12,979) (Mixed ethnic groups), 26.83% (140,149) (All Asian ethnic groups), 1.77% (9,267) (All Black ethnic groups) and 1.48% (7,740) (all other ethnic groups).[78]

The ONS Regional Trends report, published in June 2009, showed that most of the urban core[80] and 41% of the district as a whole were among the most deprived in the country, it also showed that 11% of the district as a whole were among the least deprived in the country.[81] Bradford has one of the highest unemployment rates in England,[82] with the economic inactivity rates of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups standing at over 50% of the working age population.[83][84]

The crime rate in the City of Bradford is significantly higher than the national average,[85] but lower than that of similar cities such as Manchester[86] or Leeds.

## Tourism

[edit]

Brontë Parsonage Museum, Haworth

Brontë Country is an area including Western parts of the city as well as the area to the west. The City of Bradford includes the town of Haworth and the village of Thornton, the birthplace of the Brontë sisters.[87]

Keighley and Worth Valley Railway, Ilkley's Cow and Calf Rocks, Bradford's National Science and Media Museum, Bradford City Park, Cartwright Hall, Saltaire village (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) and Salts Mill are key attractions that draw visitors from across the globe.[88]

The City of Bradford has also become the first UNESCO City of Film.[89]

Annual events such as the Bradford Literature Festival, Bradford Film Festival, Bradford Festival, Bradford Mela, Bingley Music Live, Ilkley Literature Festival, Haworth's 1940s weekend, Saltaire Festival and special Christmas events take place across the district.

The value of tourism to the district's economy stands at more than £500 million a year, with an estimated 8.6 million day trips within the district. The impact of this is more than 13,500 jobs supported by the tourism and retail sector.[90]

* National Science and Media Museum in Bradford, the world's first UNESCO City of Film

* Salts Mill in Saltaire, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

* Cow and Calf Rocks in Ilkley

* Haworth village centre

## Economy

[edit]

See also: List of companies based in Bradford

The economy of Bradford is worth around £9.5 billion, contributing around 8.4% of the region's output, and making the district the third largest after Leeds and Sheffield in Yorkshire & Humber.[91] Traditionally based on the wool and textile industries, manufacturing is still strong, accounting for around 1 in 5 jobs. The city's service-sector economy accounts for 77% of the district's 195,000 jobs, with today's fastest-growing sectors including information technology, financial services, tourism and retail headquarters and distribution.[92] The district is home to a number of large businesses with recognised brands operating on a national and international scale such as Morrisons, Pace Plc and Hallmark Cards. Three of the UK's biggest financial institutions are based in Bradford: Yorkshire Building Society, Santander Group and Vanquis Banking Group. It is also home to nationally outstanding cultural businesses, a strong group of new media companies, and a significant national institution in the National Science and Media Museum. Tourism is worth over £400 million to the local economy, and employs over 10,000 people. Bradford's exports are worth almost £700 million.[92]

The city's working-age population has risen by 3.3% since 2000, faster than any UK city outside London, whilst the population of the city itself is growing by twice the national average. Bradford has a younger age profile than the Yorkshire & Humber regional average and the national average, with the younger age groups forming a greater proportion of the population in comparison.[93] Bradford has been named by research group OMIS as one of the top six cities in the UK equipped for future growth, and the CBI reports that business confidence is higher in Bradford than in the UK as a whole, whilst £1.5 billion of construction work is transforming Bradford in a bid to attract further investment.[92]

At the 2001 UK census, Bradford had 326,774 residents aged 16 to 74. 2.5% of these people were students with jobs, 7.6% looking after home or family, 6.1% permanently sick or disabled and 4.5% economically inactive for other reasons.[94] The City of Bradford has a lower economic activity rate than West Yorkshire, the regional average for Yorkshire and the Humber and the national average. Conversely Bradford has a higher economic inactivity rate than all these areas and also has a lower employment rate.[95]

Manufacturing is still strong in Bradford and accounts for almost 12% of all jobs, and the city's service-sector economy accounts for 82% of the district's 192,000 jobs. The entrepreneurial spirit is more present in Bradford than generally in the UK, with start-ups accounting for 12% of the business community.[92]

Bradford's GVA is over £6 billion.[92]

## Education

[edit]

Education in the city is provided for by a number of schools and colleges. State schooling is managed by Bradford local education authority. There are also a number of independent (private) and free schools, such as Bradford Grammar School, Woodhouse Grove School and Bradford Girls Grammar School. Bradford College and the University of Bradford are the main further and higher education providers.

## Media

[edit]

### Television

[edit]

In terms of television, the area is served by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire both broadcast from nearby Leeds.

### Radio

[edit]

The radio stations that broadcast to the area are:[96]

BBC Local Radio

* BBC Radio Leeds

Independent Local Radio

* Heart Yorkshire
* Capital Yorkshire
* Hits Radio West Yorkshire
* Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire

Community Radio

* Sunrise Radio (for the Asian community)
* BCB 106.6fm
* Drystone Radio (covering Wharfedale)

### Newspapers

[edit]

Local newspapers for the area:

* Telegraph & Argus
* The Yorkshire Post
* Yorkshire Evening Post

## Transport

[edit]

### Public transit

[edit]

Public transport in Bradford is co-ordinated by Metro. Most local train services are run by Northern, with longer-distance services to London King's Cross railway station served by Grand Central from Bradford Interchange and London North Eastern Railway from Bradford Forster Square station.

The Wharfedale line connects direct to Ilkley, Ben Rhydding, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Menston, Guiseley, Baildon, Shipley and Frizinghall railway stations with Bradford Forster Square. The Airedale line connects the stations at Morecambe, Lancaster, Settle, Carlisle, Skipton, Steeton & Silsden, Keighley (change for the Brontë Country and the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway), Crossflatts, Bingley, Saltaire (UNESCO World Heritage Site) and Shipley, continuing to either Frizinghall and Bradford Forster Square or to Leeds to the east of the district. Both Bradford Forster Square and the district's major and busiest railway station Bradford Interchange are served by the Leeds–Bradford lines with direct routes to Leeds, Selby, York, Brough and Hull. Bradford Interchange, via the Calder Valley line, also connects direct to stations at Manchester, Halifax, Rochdale, Burnley, Blackburn, Preston, Poulton-le-Fylde, Blackpool, Huddersfield, Wakefield, Doncaster, Chester, Warrington, and London King's Cross.

There are bus stations in Bradford, Ilkley, Keighley and Shipley. The majority of services are provided by First Bradford and Keighley Bus Company.

### Air and water transport

[edit]

Leeds Bradford Airport itself is located in Yeadon, about 10 miles (16 km) to the north-east of the city centre, and has both charter and scheduled flights to destinations within Europe plus the United States, Egypt, Pakistan, and Turkey. There are connections to the rest of the world via London Heathrow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

There are also navigable waterways that run through the district. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through numerous towns and villages in the borough, with the Grade I listed Five Rise Locks at Bingley generally considered to be one of the finest feats of canal engineering in the country.[97] There are also proposals to restore and re-open the Bradford Canal, which closed in 1922, as part of a wider regeneration of the city.[98]

### Roadways

[edit]

The M606, a spur of the M62 motorway, connects the district with the national motorway network. The M606 was originally laid out to reach the centre of Bradford and beyond, but connects instead to the A6177 Bradford outer ring road, making the motorway one of the shortest in the country at less than three miles (4.8 km) long. Another motorway was planned in the 1970s, envisaging a link between Bradford, the Aire valley in the north of the district, and the M65 at Colne, roughly mirroring the existing A650 road. It has since been upgraded to be a dual carriageway along much of its length, bypassing the towns of Bingley and Keighley. The A658 road passes through a tunnel underneath the main Leeds Bradford Airport runway as it heads north-east from Bradford to Knaresborough.

#### Clean air zone

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Bradford Clean Air Zone.[edit]

Bradford Clean Air Zone is a road traffic low-emission programme in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. Plans were advanced for many cities in England to have Clean Air Zones (CAZ), but of the ones put forward in Yorkshire, only Bradford's CAZ has been taken to an operational stage. The scheme commenced on 26 September 2022, and all vehicles, barring private cars and motorbikes, must be compliant with the scheme or face a charge for entering into the zone. The programme aims to help the district comply with legal limits for air quality.

## Twin towns

[edit]

The City of Bradford, and the various towns and villages that make up the Metropolitan District, have Twin Town and Sister City Friendship Agreements with several other communities.[99] Each was originally twinned with a place within the City of Bradford.

Country  | Place  | Originally twinned with  | Date

|
|
|

Belgium  | Verviers | Bradford  | 1970
France  | Coutances | Ilkley  | 1969
France  | Eppeville | Wilsden  | 1982
France  | Poix-du-Nord | Keighley  | 1919
France  | Roubaix | Bradford  | 1969
Germany  | Hamm | Shipley  | 1976
Germany  | Mönchengladbach | Bradford  | 1971
Ireland  | Galway | Bradford  | 1987
Macedonia  | Skopje | Bradford  | 1963
Pakistan  | Mirpur | Bradford  | 1998
Peru  | Machu Picchu | Haworth  | 2005
United States  | Haworth | Haworth  | 2004
United States  | Myrtle Beach | Keighley  | 1993

## See also

[edit]

* Bradford District Museums & Galleries
* List of people from Bradford
* Grade I listed buildings in City of Bradford
* List of Pals battalions
* Listed buildings in Bradford
* Timeline of Bradford history

## Notes

[edit]

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29. ^ Flint & Robinson (2008): p. 43
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48. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Clayton and Fairweather Green (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
49. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Craven (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
50. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Eccleshill (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
51. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Great Horton (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
52. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Heaton (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
53. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Idle and Thackley (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
54. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Ilkley (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
55. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Keighley Central(Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
56. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Keighley East (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
57. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Keighley West (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
58. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Little Horton (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
59. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Manningham (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
60. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Queensbury (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
61. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Royds (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
62. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Shipley (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
63. ^ "Population Density, 2001 (UV02) – Area: Thornton and Allerton (Ward)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
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## References

[edit]

* bradfordinfo.com has a range of statistical and other information about the District, and includes a Geographic information system accessible from mapsandstats.com

## External links

[edit]

Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Bradford.

* City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
* Key Statistics (PDF 1.2 MB) from the 2001 census
* Official Statistics (PDF 1.8 MB) (hint: search for 'Bradford' for pertinent figures)
* Visit Bradford website for visitor information. The site is managed by Bradford Metropolitan District Council

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

City of Bradford

Towns,
villages,
areas
and wards|

Addingham
Allerton
Apperley Bridge
Baildon
Barkerend
Belle Vue
Ben Rhydding
Bingley
Bingley Rural
Bingley ward
Bolton and Undercliffe
Bowling and Barkerend
Bradford
Bradford Moor
Broomfields
Burley in Wharfedale
Burley Woodhead
Buttershaw
City of Bradford
City ward
Clayton
Cottingley
Craven ward
Crossflatts
Cross Roads
Cullingworth
Cutler Heights
Denholme
Dudley Hill
East Morton
East Bowling
Eastburn
Eccleshill
Egypt
Eldwick
Esholt
Frizinghall
Forster Square
Gilstead
Girlington
Great Horton
Greengates
Hainworth
Harden
Haworth
Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury
Heaton
Holme Wood
Idle
Idle and Thackley
Ilkley
Ingrow
Keighley
Keighley Central
Keighley East
Keighley West
Laisterdyke
Laycock
Little Germany
Little Horton
Long Lee
Longlands
Low Moor
Lumbfoot
Manningham
Menston
Oakenshaw
Oakworth
Odsal
Oldfield
Oxenhope
Queensbury
Ravenscliffe
Riddlesden
Royds
Ryecroft
Saltaire
Sandy Lane
Shipley
Silsden
Staithgate
Stanbury
Steeton
Steeton with Eastburn
Thackley
Thornbury
Thornton
Thornton and Allerton
Thorpe Edge
Toller
Tong ward
Tong village
Trident
Tyersal
Wharfedale ward
Wibsey
Wilsden
Windhill and Wrose
Worth Valley
Wrose
Wyke

Governance|

Bradford-Keighley Youth Parliament
City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
Constituencies
Council
Councillors
Parishes
Politics
Wards

Culture
Leisure and
Tourism|

| Countryside|

Airedale
Bradford Dale
Brontë Country
Harden Moor
Heaton Woods
Ilkley Moor
Judy Woods
Penistone Hill Country Park
Pennine Way
Wharfedale
Worth Valley
Yorkshire Dales

|

Buildings and
Listed buildings|

The Gatehaus
Mechanics' Institute Library
Midland Hotel
Milligan and Forbes Warehouse
Old White Horse Inn
Salts Mill
Top Withens
White Wells
Wool Exchange
Halls
Bingley Town Hall
Bolling Hall
Bradford City Hall
Cartwright Hall
Cottingley Town Hall
East Riddlesden Hall
Heathcote
Ilkley Town Hall
Keighley Town Hall
Oakwood Hall
Oakworth Hall
Paper Hall
Ponden Hall
Royds Hall
Shipley Town Hall
Silsden Town Hall
Victoria Hall
Mills
: Drummond Mill
Lister Mills
Places of Worship
All Saints' Parish Church
Al Mahdi Mosque
Bradford Cathedral
Bradford Grand Mosque

Bradford Tree of Life Synagogue
Holy Trinity Church, Bingley
St Patrick's Church
Saltaire United Reformed Church
St Peter's Church, Addingham
Shree Lakshmi Narayan Hindu Temple

Entertainment|

Bradford Alhambra
Bradford Odeon
Bradford Playhouse
Cubby Broccoli Cinema
Ilkley Playhouse
IMAX
Keighley Picture House
Odeon Leeds-Bradford
Pictureville Cinema
St George's Hall

Museums
and galleries|

BD1 Gallery
Bolling Hall
Bracken Hall Countryside Centre and Museum
Bradford Industrial Museum
Brontë Parsonage Museum
Cartwright Hall
Cliffe Castle Museum
Colour Experience
Ilkley Toy Museum
Impressions Gallery
Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
Manor House Museum
Museum of Rail Travel
National Science and Media Museum
Peace Museum
Transperience

Clubs and
societies|

Airedale Boat Club
Bradford Festival Choral Society
Bradford Girls' Choir
Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library
Fanderson
Idle Working Men's Club
Keighley and District Local History Society
The 1 in 12 Club

Shopping|

Sunbridge Wells
The Broadway
Wool Exchange

Parks|

Bingley St Ives
Bowling Park
Bradford City Park
Harold Park
Holden Park
Horton Park
Lister Park
Northcliffe Park
Peel Park
Roberts Park

Events|

Bingley Music Live
Bradford Literature Festival
Bradford Mela
Moor Music Festival
Ilkley Literature Festival
Infest
Ilkley Trophy
Keighley Festival
Saltaire Festival

Heritage|

Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
Saltaire International Heritage Centre
Shipley Glen Tramway
Undercliffe Cemetery

Services|

| Education|

Bradford College
Bradford Libraries
Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library
Bradford Schools
Shipley College
University of Bradford

|

Health|

Airedale General Hospital
Bradford Royal Infirmary
St Luke's Hospital

Mass media|

| Publishing|

Emerald Group Publishing
Keighley News
Telegraph & Argus

|

Radio|

Hits Radio West Yorkshire
Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire
RamAir
Sunrise Radio

TV|

AAP TV

Organisations|

| Companies|

Bradford Trades Council
British Wool Marketing Board
Club 18-30
Damart
Dean, Smith & Grace
Findel plc
Four Door Lemon
Grattan
Greenwoods
Hallmark Cards
Hield
JCT600
Kelda
Wm Morrison Supermarkets
Mumtaz Group
Pace Micro Technology
Safestyle UK
Seabrook Potato Crisps
Sports Turf Research Institute
Standard Wool
Telegraph & Argus
Timothy Taylor Brewery
Vanquis Banking Group
Wharfedale Brewery
Yorkshire Building Society
Yorkshire Water

|

Other|

Anchor Hanover Group
Association of Nail Technicians
Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library
Ilkley Upstagers' Theatre Group
Charity
Christians Against Poverty
Human Relief Foundation
Sacar
Religious
Al-Mustafa Centre
LIFE Church UK

Sport|

| Clubs|

Basketball
Bradford Dragons
Cricket
Bradford Premier League
Cycling
Ilkley Cycling Club
Football
Albion Sports A.F.C.
Bradford City
Bradford City W.F.C.
Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.
Eccleshill United F.C.
Ilkley Town A.F.C.
Silsden F.C.
Thackley A.F.C.
Golf
Ilkley Golf Club
Rowing
Bradford Amateur Rowing Club
Rugby
Bradford & Bingley RFC
Bradford Bulls
Bradford Bulls Women
Bradford Dudley Hill
Clayton A.R.L.F.C.
Ilkley Rugby Club
Keighley Cougars
Keighley RUFC

|

Venues|

Cougar Park
Great Horton Road
Horsfall Stadium
Odsal Stadium
Park Avenue
Valley Parade

Waterways|

| Rivers|

Bradford Beck
Harden Beck
Holme Beck
River Aire
River Wharfe
River Worth
Tyersal Beck

|

Canals|

Bingley Five Rise Locks
Bingley Three Rise Locks
Leeds and Liverpool Canal

Crossings|

Beckfoot Bridge
Ireland Bridge
Thornton Viaduct

Transport|

| Air|

Leeds Bradford Airport

|

Rail|

Lines
Airedale
Calder Valley
Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
Shipley Glen Tramway
Wharfedale
Stations
Tunnels
Bowling
Thackley

Bus|

Stations
Bradford Interchange
Ilkley bus station
Keighley bus station
Services
Arriva Yorkshire
First West Yorkshire
Keighley Bus Company

Road|

Road
M62
M606
A647
A650
A658
A6036
A6177

Miscellaneous|

Crime
History
Military
Postcodes
Timeline
People
Geology
Aire Valley Fault
Denholme Clough Fault

Category

* v
* t
* e

Bradford constituencies

Current|

* Bradford East
* Bradford South
* Bradford West
* Keighley and Ilkley
* Shipley

Historic|

* Bradford (1832–1885)
* Bradford Central (1885–1955)
* Bradford North (1918–2010)

* v
* t
* e

Wards in Bradford

* Baildon
* Bingley
* Bingley Rural
* Bolton and Undercliffe
* Bowling and Barkerend
* Bradford Moor
* City
* Clayton and Fairweather Green
* Craven
* Eccleshill
* Great Horton
* Heaton
* Idle and Thackley
* Ilkley
* Keighley Central
* Keighley East
* Keighley West
* Little Horton
* Manningham
* Queensbury
* Royds
* Shipley
* Thornton and Allerton
* Toller
* Tong
* Wharfedale
* Wibsey
* Windhill and Wrose
* Worth Valley
* Wyke

* v
* t
* e

Ceremonial county of West Yorkshire

Yorkshire Portal

Metropolitan districts|

* City of Bradford
* City of Leeds
* City of Wakefield
* Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale
* Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees

Major settlements
(cities in italics)|

* Baildon
* Batley
* Bingley
* Birstall
* Bradford
* Brighouse
* Castleford
* Clayton
* Cleckheaton
* Denholme
* Dewsbury
* Elland
* Farsley
* Featherstone
* Garforth
* Gomersal
* Greetland
* Guiseley
* Halifax
* Haworth
* Hebden Bridge
* Heckmondwike
* Hemsworth
* Hipperholme and Lightcliffe
* Holmfirth
* Horbury
* Horsforth
* Huddersfield
* Ilkley
* Keighley
* Kippax
* Kirkburton
* Knottingley
* Leeds
* Liversedge
* Meltham
* Mirfield
* Morley
* Normanton
* Ossett
* Otley
* Pontefract
* Pudsey
* Queensbury
* Rothwell
* Shipley
* Silsden
* South Elmsall
* South Kirkby
* Sowerby Bridge
* Stanley
* Thornton
* Todmorden
* Wakefield
* Wetherby
* Wyke
* Yeadon
See also: List of civil parishes in West Yorkshire

Topics|

* Parliamentary constituencies
* West Yorkshire Joint Services
* Places
* Population of major settlements
* SSSIs
* Country houses
* Grade I listed buildings
* Grade II* listed buildings
* Listed buildings
* Windmills
* History
* Lord Lieutenants
* High Sheriffs
* Monastic houses
* Museums
* Rivers

* v
* t
* e

Districts of Yorkshire and the Humber

Lincolnshire|

* North Lincolnshire
* North East Lincolnshire

North Yorkshire|

* North Yorkshire
* York

South Yorkshire|

* Barnsley
* Doncaster
* Rotherham
* Sheffield

West Yorkshire|

* Bradford
* Calderdale
* Kirklees
* Leeds
* Wakefield

East Riding of Yorkshire|

* East Riding of Yorkshire
* Kingston upon Hull

* v
* t
* e

Cities of the United Kingdom and overseas territories

England|

* Bath
* Birmingham
* Bradford
* Brighton and Hove
* Bristol
* Cambridge
* Canterbury
* Carlisle
* Chelmsford
* Chester
* Chichester
* Colchester
* Coventry
* Derby
* Doncaster
* Durham
* Ely
* Exeter
* Gloucester
* Hereford
* Kingston upon Hull
* Lancaster
* Leeds
* Leicester
* Lichfield
* Lincoln
* Liverpool
* City of London
* Manchester
* Milton Keynes
* Newcastle upon Tyne
* Norwich
* Nottingham
* Oxford
* Peterborough
* Plymouth
* Portsmouth
* Preston
* Ripon
* St Albans
* Salford
* Salisbury
* Sheffield
* Southampton
* Southend-on-Sea
* Stoke-on-Trent
* Sunderland
* Truro
* Wakefield
* Wells
* Westminster
* Winchester
* Wolverhampton
* Worcester
* York

Scotland|

* Aberdeen
* Dundee
* Dunfermline
* Edinburgh
* Glasgow
* Inverness
* Perth
* Stirling

Wales|

* Bangor
* Cardiff
* Newport
* St Asaph
* St Davids
* Swansea
* Wrexham

Northern Ireland|

* Armagh
* Bangor
* Belfast
* Derry
* Lisburn
* Newry

British overseas cities|

| British Overseas Territories|

* Gibraltar
* Hamilton
* Jamestown
* Stanley

|

Crown Dependencies|

Douglas

* v
* t
* e

Metropolitan districts of England

Districts|

* Barnsley
* Birmingham
* Bolton
* Bradford
* Bury
* Calderdale
* Coventry
* Doncaster
* Dudley
* Gateshead
* Kirklees
* Knowsley
* Leeds
* Liverpool
* Manchester
* Newcastle upon Tyne
* North Tyneside
* Oldham
* Rochdale
* Rotherham
* Salford
* Sandwell
* Sefton
* Sheffield
* Solihull
* South Tyneside
* St Helens
* Stockport
* Sunderland
* Tameside
* Trafford
* Wakefield
* Walsall
* Wigan
* Wirral
* Wolverhampton

Councils|

* Barnsley
* Birmingham
* Bolton
* Bradford
* Bury
* Calderdale
* Coventry
* Doncaster
* Dudley
* Gateshead
* Kirklees
* Knowsley
* Leeds
* Liverpool
* Manchester
* Newcastle upon Tyne
* North Tyneside
* Oldham
* Rochdale
* Rotherham
* Salford
* Sandwell
* Sefton
* Sheffield
* Solihull
* South Tyneside
* St Helens
* Stockport
* Sunderland
* Tameside
* Trafford
* Wakefield
* Walsall
* Wigan
* Wirral
* Wolverhampton

Local elections|

* Barnsley
* Birmingham
* Bolton
* Bradford
* Bury
* Calderdale
* Coventry
* Doncaster
* Dudley
* Gateshead
* Kirklees
* Knowsley
* Leeds
* Liverpool
* Manchester
* Newcastle upon Tyne
* North Tyneside
* Oldham
* Rochdale
* Rotherham
* Salford
* Sandwell
* Sefton
* Sheffield
* Solihull
* South Tyneside
* St Helens
* Stockport
* Sunderland
* Tameside
* Trafford
* Wakefield
* Walsall
* Wigan
* Wirral
* Wolverhampton

Authority control databases: Geographic |

* MusicBrainz area

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