Cleveland Council on Soviet Anti-Semitism

Cleveland Council on Soviet Anti-Semitism was founded in 1963 as a grassroots human rights campaign to alleviate the growing oppression of the Jewish community inside the Soviet Union and the other Soviet bloc countries. The Cleveland Council was the first organization of the American Soviet Jewry Movement, a human rights campaign of the 1960s, 70s and 80s.

## History

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The Cleveland Council was founded in October 1963 by Louis Rosenblum, a NASA scientist; Herbert Caron, a psychologist; and Daniel Litt, a Reform rabbi.[1][2] Abe Silverstein, Director of the NASA Lewis Research Center (now the John Glenn Research Center), served as the inaugural honorary board chairman. The Cleveland Council's goals were to "galvanize" American Jewish organizations to undertake a public campaign to pressure the USSR to grant rights to its Jewish citizens, including the right to emigrate,[2] and to inspire the American Jewish community to create an organization dedicated to the liberation of Soviet Jewry from antisemitic oppression.[3]

The founding of the Cleveland Council was controversial because much of the American Jewish establishment believed that effectively pressuring the Soviet Union to cease antisemitic treatment of Jews was not only hopeless, but might prove counterproductive, might, that is, lead the Russian authorities to treat Jews even worse.[3] Soviet Jews in the 1960s were deprived of the freedom to practice their religion by Soviet policies such as bans of baking matzah for the celebration of the Passover holiday and circumcision.[3]

The Cleveland Council rapidly became well-known, staging large rallies and innovative protests at events featuring touring Soviet sports and theatrical groups and publishing how-to guides to publicizing the plight of Soviet Jewry that circulated nationally.[4][1]

The Cleveland Council was one of the founding organizations of the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews in 1970.

## References

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1. ^ a b Peretz, Pauline (2017). Let My People Go: The Transnational Politics of Soviet Jewish Emigration During the Cold War. Routledge. p. 117 ff. ISBN 9781351508902.
2. ^ a b Friedman, Murray (1999). A Second Exodus: The American Movement to Free Soviet Jews. University Press of New England. p. 32\. ISBN 9780874519136. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
3. ^ a b c ORBACH, WILLIAM, and ויליאם אורבך. “התפתחויות רעיוניות בתנועה למען יהדות ברית-המועצות / CONFLICTS AND DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN THE SOVIET JEWRY MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות, ט, 1985, pp. 389–396. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23529453.
4. ^ Golden, Peter (2012). O Powerful Western Star!: American Jews, Russian Jews, and the Final Battle of the Cold War. Gefen Publishing. p. 183 ff. ISBN 9789652295439.

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Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union

History|

* The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
* Internal exile during World War II
* Jewish autonomy in Crimea
* Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO)
* Birobidzhan
* Jewish history in the JAO

Organizations|

* Jewish Communist Party (EKP)
* Jewish Communist Youth Union (EKSM)
* Yevsektsiya
* Komzet
* OZET
* Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee

Soviet antisemitism|

* 1931 Menshevik Trial
* Night of the Murdered Poets
* Doctors' plot
* Rootless cosmopolitan
* Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
* Joseph Stalin and antisemitism

Zionism|

* Soviet anti-Zionism
* Anti-Zionist Committee
* 1970s Soviet Union aliyah
* Refusenik
* Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking

International activism|

* Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
* Soviet Jewry movement
* National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
* Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
* Cleveland Council
* Nativ
* Freedom Sunday
* Jackson–Vanik amendment

Media and publications|

* Am Yisrael Chai
* Jews on Land
* The Black Book of Soviet Jewry

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