Climate of Florida

Köppen climate types of Florida, using 1991–2020 climate normals.

The climate of the north and central parts of the U.S. state of Florida is humid subtropical. South Florida has a tropical climate.[1] Over the past decade, Florida's average June temperature has risen to about 81.5 °F, compared to just 79.9 °F for the same month over the long-term period since 1895; additionally, June temperatures have risen by approximately 2 °F compared to 50 years ago.[2] There is a defined rainy season from May through October when air-mass thundershowers that build in the heat of the day drop heavy but brief summer rainfall.

In October, the dry season sets in across much of Florida (starting early in the month in northern Florida and near the end of the month in deep southern Florida) and lasts until late April most years. Fronts from mid-latitude storms north of Florida occasionally pass through northern and central parts of the state which bring light and brief winter rainfall. Mid and late winter can become severely dry in Florida. In some years the dry season becomes quite severe and water restrictions are imposed to conserve water.[3] Predicting these changes is essential for farming, construction and tourism. FAWN, Florida Automated Weather Network, is used to provide accurate weather predictions. This system is useful for determining current weather and making future predictions on how Florida’s climate will change.[4] While most areas of Florida do not experience any type of frozen precipitation, northern Florida can see fleeting snow or sleet a few times each decade.

The USDA Hardiness Zones for the state range from Zone 8B (15°F to 20°F) in the extreme northwestern panhandle, to Zone 12A (50°F to 55°F) in the lower Florida Keys.

The Gulf Stream running through the Florida Straits and then north of the eastern Florida coast keeps temperatures moderate a few miles inland from around Stuart on the east coast to Fort Myers on the west coast of the state year-round, with few extremes in temperature. The tropical ocean current also provides warm sea surface temperatures, giving Florida beaches the warmest ocean surf waters on the United States mainland. Florida's geography also makes it vulnerable to the effects of climate change, both in the intensification of extreme weather such as intensified hurricanes as well as coastal flooding and other effects of sea level rise.

## Pressure

[edit]

The low pressure measured from an extratropical cyclone was 28.84 inches/976.7 hPa during the Storm of the Century (1993).[5] From a tropical cyclone, the lowest pressure measured was 26.35 inches/892 hPa in the Florida Keys during the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935.[6] The highest known pressure measured statewide was 30.74 inches/1041.1 hPa in Tallahassee on February 5, 1996, and January 4, 1979.[5]

## Wind

[edit]

Over the winter prevailing winds are out of the north across the panhandle south to near Orlando, but are variable in the rest of the state. The summer season sees generally east and southeast winds across the peninsula. During the summer months, the average wind pattern implies a surface ridge axis which normally lies across central Florida, with easterly winds from Tampa southward and southwest winds across northern Florida. The peak wind gust during the 1930 through 1997 period was 115 miles per hour at Miami International Airport during Hurricane Andrew.[7]

### African dust outbreaks

[edit]

In July, the trade winds south of the northward-moving subtropical ridge expand northwestward into Florida. On occasion, dust from the Sahara moving around the southern periphery of the ridge moves into the state, suppressing rainfall and changing the sky from a blue to a white appearance and leading to an increase in red sunsets. Its presence negatively impacts air quality across the Southeastern United States during the summer, by adding to the count of airborne particulates. This is in sharp contrast to the normally clean air over Florida and the southeastern USA, which on average is the cleanest air in the USA.[8] Over 50% of the African dust that reaches the United States affects Florida.[9] Since 1970, dust outbreaks have worsened due to periods of drought in Africa. There is a large variability in the dust transport to the Caribbean and Florida from year to year.[10] Dust events are possibly linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida, primarily since the 1970s.[11]

## Seasonal Climate Patterns

[edit]

### Winter

[edit]

Fall foliage in North Central Florida.

On average, Florida has the mildest winters in the continental United States. Average lows range from 65°F in Key West to nearly 41°F degrees in Tallahassee, while daytime highs range from 62°F in Tallahassee to 77°F in Miami.[12][13] Predominant tropical easterly winds across central and southern Florida keep temperatures warm during the winter. Occasional strong cold fronts move southward down the peninsula with freezing or near-freezing temperatures on a few nights into inland areas of central Florida every few years. A few times each decade, Miami might see a winter nightfall below 45°F. El Niño winters tend to be cooler due to increased cloud cover, but tend to have fewer freezes.[14]

Although rare in south Florida, sub-freezing temperatures can happen and have large impacts. A field experiment in Key Largo Florida found that these cold climates reduced fruit removal by the Key Largo wood rat, slowing down the seed dispersal process most likely caused by these weather conditions.[15]

Five hardiness zones exist. USDA Zone 12A, the warmest zone found within the state, with average extreme annual lows between 50°F to 55°F, is found in the Dry Tortugas area. USDA Zone 11B, with average annual lows between 45°F and 50°F, is found between Key West and Marathon. USDA Zone 11A, with average annual lows between 40°F and 45°F, is found in the remaining Florida Keys, Miami Beach, and parts of downtown Miami. USDA Zone 10B, with average annual lows between 35°F and 40°F, is found in coastal South Florida and much of the Everglades. USDA Zone 10A, with annual average lows between 30°F and 35°F, is found in the rest of South Florida, and in certain coastal regions as far north as St. Petersburg on the western coast of the state, and roughly Vero Beach on the eastern coast of the state. USDA Zone 9B, with average annual lows between 25°F and 30°F, is found in interior Central Florida, continuing north towards Fernandina Beach. USDA Zone 9A, with average annual lows between 20°F and 25°F, is found along an area stretching from Ocala to Pensacola. USDA Zone 8B, the coolest zone found within the state, with average annual lows between 15°F and 20°F, is located in extreme northwestern Florida along the northern portions of Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, and Holmes counties.[16][17]

Florida has experienced 12 major freezes. This includes four "impact" freezes, sufficiently severe to kill entire groves of citrus trees, resulting in a noticeable economic effect on citrus growers, prompting them to shift groves further southward. These impact freezes are indicated by asterisks in the following: Great Freeze of 1894-1895*, February 13–14, 1899, February 2–6, 1917, December 12–13, 1934, January 1940, December 12–13, 1957, December 12–13, 1962*, January 18–20, 1977, January 12–14, 1981, December 24–25, 1983*, January 20–22, 1985, and December 22–26, 1989*.[18]

Despite being the mildest on average, the winter climate was a crucial contributing factor of the Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986, in which overnight temperatures at Titusville, adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, had dropped as low as 24°F[19] and were still below freezing at 28.0°F to 28.9°F on launch day. The severe cold had caused the O-Rings on the right-side SRB to crack as they only had a redline tolerance of 39°F.

### Summer

[edit]

See also: Wet season

Typical summer afternoon shower from the Everglades travelling eastward over Downtown Miami.

During the summer, average high temperatures range from near 95 °F (35 °C) in northern Florida to near 90 °F (32 °C) in the Keys. Maximum temperatures during the summer average in the higher 90s Fahrenheit statewide.[20] Heat indexes can easily reach 103°F–110°F. Relief from the heat during the summer comes in the form of afternoon and evening thunderstorm activity, late morning and afternoon sea breezes off the relatively cooler ocean, and during the passage of a tropical cyclone. The record high temperature for the state is 109 °F (43 °C) at Monticello in 1931.[21]

## Fog

[edit]

Like the remainder of the Southeastern United States, Florida has a winter maximum in dense fog conditions. Unlike the remainder of the region, the maximum in Florida contains roughly half of the annual occurrences per year, on average. Its summer minimum is less than the remainder of the Southeast. The annual number of heavy fog days (with visibility of .25 miles (0.40 km) or less) has ranged from 50 in Tallahassee, to 1 in Key West, the least foggy region in the state. The two types of fog that are most common in Florida are advection and radiational. Fog can be hazardous to early morning commuters. On January 9, 2008, when fog on Interstate 4 combined with smoke from a nearby fire, visibility was reduced to nearly zero. As a result, five individuals died in a 70-car pileup.[22][23]

## Precipitation

[edit]

Average rainfall for Florida

### Averages

[edit]

See also: Dry season and Wet season

Statewide, the highest rainfall amounts occur during the summer months. In northern Florida, there is a weak winter secondary maximum while statewide the driest months of the year are during the spring.[20] During El Niño, Florida sees greater rainfall between November and March.[14] Due to the lack of the secondary maximum across the peninsula, a distinct dry season is seen in the averages from winter through spring. This dry season provokes brush fires annually as temperatures rise during the late spring, before they fade during early June as the rainy season gets underway.

### Extremes

[edit]

Hurricane Easy's Rainfall across the Southeastern United States

The heaviest rainfall to occur in 24 hours was measured in Yankeetown during Hurricane Easy (1950), 45.20 inches (1,148 mm). This is also the highest known point storm total maximum related to any tropical cyclone which has impacted Florida,[24] and by itself would be the highest known rainfall total for any month from any location within Florida. This rainfall amount remained the national 24-hour rainfall record until Tropical Storm Claudette (1979).[25] Heavy rainfall events have fallen due to stalled fronts near the state as well, and occur during the March through May and October through November timeframe.

The wettest month recorded at a Florida climate station was during May 1891 when Gainesville, Florida received 30.90 inches (785 mm).[26] The wettest year on record for a Florida climate station was during 1879 when 127.24 inches (3,232 mm) fell at Pensacola, Florida.[27] The driest year for a climate station statewide was during 1974 when only 19.99 inches (508 mm) fell at Key West.[28]

One of the worst years for wildfires was in 1998, at the end of an El Nino cycle. 480 wildfires consumed 500,000 acres (2,000 km2) statewide.[29] In 2010, the National Weather Service issued more fire alerts in Florida than anywhere else in the nation.[30]

A statewide drought began in November 2005, one month after Hurricane Wilma's passage through the state, and persisted until 2009.[31] The previous significant drought occurred in 2000, which was the state's driest year on record.[32]

In July 2023, ocean temperatures in Florida reached up to 101.1 °F (38.4 °C) at a NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) monitored station in Manatee Bay Florida. One of the highest sea surface temperatures ever measured in the region.[33]

### Snowfall

[edit]

Main article: Snow in Florida

Snow in Jacksonville on December 23, 1989

Snowfall is rare in Florida. The earliest recorded occurrence of snow or sleet occurred in 1774 in the far northern portion of the state.[34] The latest occurrence of snow or sleet fell on January 21-22, 2025 as a major winter storm affected much of the Gulf Coast of the United States. Cities such as Pensacola saw record breaking snow accumulations.[35]

The state record for snowfall is 9.8 inches (25 cm), set in Milton, Florida during the 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard. [36] The earliest in the season that frozen precipitation has fallen was during the Late November 2006 Nor'easter on November 21 across central Florida.[37] The latest in the season that snow or sleet has fallen was on April 8, 2007. Snow flurries have been reported in the air (not on the ground) as far south as Homestead, during a January 19, 1977 event.[38]

## Ecosystems Responses to Climate

[edit]

Florida’s ecosystem experiences many significant transformations in response to the changing climate, including the expansion of mangrove forests along Florida’s sizable coastlines. As sea levels rise, mangroves migrate northward and start to replace salt marshes. Sea level rising is one of the most certain consequences of climate change. Caused factors such as ocean warming and ice sheets melting.[39] Mangroves are extremely beneficial by stabilizing shorelines and reducing flood damage, ultimately saving billions in coastal protection costs. Mangroves reduced flood depths by up to 1.5 meters and avoided up to 50% of property losses in certain coastal areas during storm surge events.[40] The expansion and protective role of mangroves explains how Florida’s ecosystems are actively responding to climate change.

In addition to mangrove expansion, Florida also experiences shifts in vegetation zones due to climate change. As winters become milder, tropical species move northward, a process known as tropicalization. Parts of the southernmost United States will ‘tropicalize” as climate changes, with cold-sensitive plants and animals moving northward due to fewer, weaker winter freezes.[41]

## Effects on Biodiversity

[edit]

Changes in Florida’s climate including precipitation patterns and rising temperatures have a serve effect on biodiversity. These changes can pose risks to habitats which can threaten an abundance of plant and animal species.[42]

## Health Effects of Florida's Climate

[edit]

Not only does Florida's climate effect biodiversity, but it can also negatively affects humans. Florida’s changing climate contributes to a number of health concerns, particularly increased diseases and heat-related illnesses. Rising temperatures have been linked to an increase in mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and West Nile virus. Health authorities anticipate that with warmer temperatures, increased humidity, and changing precipitation, diseases such as dengue may grow more prevalent.[43]

Additionally, Florida’s climate has also increased the risk of heat-related illnesses. After analyzing data, daily heat exposure, measured by both temperature and heat index, has the strongest relationship with heat related illness statewide. As both measures of exposure increased, rates of heat-related illness increased significantly.[44]

## Thunderstorms

[edit]

Florida reports more thunderstorms than any other US state. Some places report in excess of 90 thunderstorm days per year, making Florida one of the most thundery regions outside of the tropics. Florida receives the highest density of lightning strikes within the United States. Several deaths per year are blamed on lightning, making lightning one of the deadliest weather-related phenomenon in the state. However, since 1992, the number of lightning deaths has been slowly dropping despite a rising population, suggesting that lightning awareness programs are effective. The most likely targets of lightning strikes are construction workers and others who work outside, though 12 percent of the cases occurred indoors to people using electronic devices. Severe thunderstorms can sometimes produce hail, very strong straight line winds and tornadoes. Very heavy rainfall from thunderstorms can result in flash flooding. Thunderstorms occur most often during the summer but can occur at any time of the year.[45] During the rainy season, storms often focus around the inland moving seabreezes as cooler air from the coast uplifts warmer air inland causing localized instability. These seabreezes from the Gulf and Atlantic often collide over the peninsula sometimes producing severe weather with small hail and winds.

### Tornadoes

[edit]

Florida has the most tornadoes per square mile than any other state.[46][47] However, these tornadoes tend to be much weaker and short-lived than in other states like the Midwest or Deep South. Strong tornadoes do occasionally form in Florida, usually in conjunction with a cold frontal passage in the winter or spring. A total of 42 people died in February 1998 from the deadliest such tornado outbreak in Central Florida, which occurred during the nighttime hours.[48] Tornado outbreaks may also happen when tropical cyclones are passing near or over the state. The most recent of these was from Hurricane Milton which caused many severe EF3 tornadoes and lead to 6 fatalities.[49] While tornadoes in the Midwest are more severe, a higher rate of deaths are experienced in Florida, and Brevard County, specifically, due to higher population density and quantity of manufactured homes.[50] Waterspouts are very common over coastal waters with the Keys experiencing more than anywhere else in the world. These may sometimes make landfall as shortlived landspout tornadoes. [51]

## Tropical cyclones

[edit]

Hurricane Wilma (2005)

Main article: List of Florida hurricanes

The earliest in the year a tropical cyclone has struck the sunshine state was the Groundhog Day Tropical Storm in 1952. The latest in the year hurricane struck near Tampa on December 1, 1925. The strongest hurricane to strike Florida was the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. The cost of climate disasters has grown in the last 50 years, according to NOAA. In more recent history, Hurricane Ian (2022) was the deadliest hurricane to hit Florida since 1935.[52] Hurricane Easy in 1950 produced the wettest known point total from any tropical cyclone.[24] The record number of hurricane strikes on the state in one season is four in 2004.[53] Hurricanes typically spawn tornadoes within their northeast quadrant.[54]

Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year but January and March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have the lowest return period, or the frequency at which a certain intensity or category of hurricane can be expected within 86 miles (138 km) of a given location, in the country. Monroe County was struck by 26 hurricanes since 1926, which is the greatest total for any county in the United States.[55] The costs of these storms have increased over the years. Florida has been affected by many devastating hurricanes in its history. This has caused over $450 billion in damage. [56]

## Effect of climate cycles

[edit]

El Niño has the following effects on Florida climate: above average rainfall in the spring.[29] This is followed by wildfire threat when rain dries up. Northern Florida is more susceptible to severe weather; below normal temperatures, increased number of low pressure systems in the Gulf of Mexico during the winter, and "almost always" reduces the frequency of storms and hurricanes.[57]

La Niña has the following effects: often dry conditions prevail in late fall, winter and early spring, increased risk of wildfires in spring and summer months, the temperatures average slightly above normal, and the chance of hurricane activity increases substantially.[57]

Long term forecasts are made based on these effects. However, they are easily overridden, in winter, by the Arctic oscillation and North Atlantic oscillations, which can only be predicted about two weeks in advance.[58] These can drop the temperature noticeably from seasonal norms.

## Climates of selected Florida cities

[edit]

The climate regime for much of the state is humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), though the Miami Metropolitan Area, southwest Florida from Fort Myers southward, and all of the Florida Keys, qualify as tropical wet-and-dry (Köppen Aw). Florida counties with tropical climates include Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Lee, Collier, and Monroe counties. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.[59]

Pensacola, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

5.3

4.7

6.4

3.9

4.4

6.4

6.9

5.8

4.1

4.5

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA[60]
| Metric conversion

136

119

163

112

162

204

174

146

105

113

101

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Tallahassee, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

4.4

4.9

5.7

3.7

4.3

7.1

8.3

7.3

5.4

3.2

3.3

4.2

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[61]
| Metric conversion

111

123

145

108

181

210

186

138

106

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Jacksonville, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

3.4

3.7

2.8

3.4

6.6

7.2

7.8

3.9

1.9

2.6

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[62]
| Metric conversion

152

167

184

199

100

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Orlando, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

2.4

2.4

3.8

2.6

3.5

7.6

7.3

7.1

6.1

3.3

2.2

2.6

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA[63]
| Metric conversion

193

185

181

154

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Daytona Beach, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

2.7

2.8

4.2

2.2

3.1

5.8

5.8

6.4

4.2

2.7

2.6

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[64]
| Metric conversion

108

148

148

163

177

107

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Tampa, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

2.3

2.7

2.8

1.8

2.9

5.5

6.5

7.6

6.5

2.3

1.6

2.3

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[65]
| Metric conversion

140

165

193

166

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Miami, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1.8

2.1

2.5

3.2

5.9

9.3

6.2

9.1

2.9

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[66]
| Metric conversion

150

237

158

202

231

177

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Key West, Florida

Climate chart (explanation)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1.6

1.7

1.8

3.1

4.6

3.7

5.3

6.6

2.5

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: Florida Climate Center[67]
| Metric conversion

117

135

166

128

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

## See also

[edit]

* Climate change in Florida
* Climate
* Climatology
* List of wettest known tropical cyclones in Florida
* Climate of Miami
* Climate of the Tampa Bay Area
* Neotropical realm
* Tropical climate
* Tropic of Cancer
* Tropics
* Tropical sprue

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Köppen Classification Map, clearly showing South Florida has a true tropical climate (the image will take a few seconds to load)
2. ^ "June in Florida wasn't as hot as last year, but it's still getting warmer overall". WUSF. July 21, 2025. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
3. ^ "Dry season and drought are not the same". UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County. May 21, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
4. ^ "AE537/AE537: What Does Florida Weather during the Past 20 Years Look Like?: Florida Weather Represented by the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN)". Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS. Retrieved August 6, 2025.
5. ^ a b National Weather Service Forecast Office Tallahassee, Florida. Tallahassee Weather Extremes. Retrieved on June 3, 2007. Archived October 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ Eric. S. Blake, Edward N. Rappaport, and Christopher W. Landsea. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2006 (AND OTHER FREQUENTLY REQUESTED HURRICANE FACTS). Retrieved on June 3, 2007.
7. ^ National Climatic Data Center. Climatic Wind Data for the United States. Retrieved on June 2, 2007. Archived June 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ Science Daily. African Dust Called A Major Factor Affecting Southeast U.S. Air Quality. Retrieved on June 10, 2007.
9. ^ Science Daily. Microbes And The Dust They Ride In On Pose Potential Health Risks. Retrieved on June 10, 2007.
10. ^ Usinfo.state.gov. Study Says African Dust Affects Climate in U.S., Caribbean. Archived June 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 10, 2007.
11. ^ U. S. Geological Survey. Coral Mortality and African Dust. Archived May 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 10, 2007.
12. ^ Southeast Regional Climate Center. Tallahassee WSO AP Averages from 1948-2005. Archived March 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
13. ^ Southeast Regional Climate Center. Key West WSO AP Averages from 1948-2005. Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
14. ^ a b South Florida Water Management District. EL NINO IN SOUTH FLORIDA. Retrieved on June 2, 2007. Archived September 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
15. ^ McDonald, Brandon W.; Baruzzi, Carolina; McCleery, Robert A.; Cove, Michael V.; Lashley, Marcus A. (October 1, 2023). "Simulated extreme climate event alters a plant-frugivore mutualism". Forest Ecology and Management. 545 121294\. Bibcode:2023ForEM.54521294M. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121294. ISSN 0378-1127.
16. ^ "Interactive Map | USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
17. ^ Kridler, Chris (March 5, 2011). "Freeze frazzled? Seek hardier plants". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1D.
18. ^ "Timeline of major Florida freezes". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. January 15, 2017. pp. 14A. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
19. ^ "National Weather Service Climate". w2.weather.gov. "Select 'Titusville, FL'"
20. ^ a b Southeast Regional Climate Center. Historical Climate Summaries for Florida. Archived March 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
21. ^ National Climatic Data Center. "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCsEC)". Retrieved February 14, 2015.
22. ^ Gloria Forthun, M. B. Johnson, W. G. Schmitz, and J. Blume.Trends in Fog Frequency and Duration in the Southeast United States. Archived December 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 7, 2007.
23. ^ Michael Mogil and Kristen L. Seaman. Florida's Climate and Weather. Retrieved on 2012-16-03.
24. ^ a b David Roth. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
25. ^ David Roth. Hurricane Easy (1950) Rainfall Graphic. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
26. ^ Florida Climate Center. Gainesville Precipitation Data. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
27. ^ Florida Climate Center. Pensacola Precipitation Data. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
28. ^ Florida Climate Center. Key West Precipitation Data. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
29. ^ a b Waymer, Jim (March 11, 2010). "Casualties of cold enhance fire fear". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3A. Archived from the original on March 14, 2010.
30. ^ Knapp, Andrew (February 28, 2011). "Wildfire alerts get stricted". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
31. ^ Travis Reed.Drought Saps Fla. Growers, Golf Courses Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
32. ^ NOAA. SEVERE DROUGHT CONDITIONS/FIRE DANGER LIKELY TO PERSIST THROUGHOUT CENTRAL FLORIDA. Archived September 29, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
33. ^ "Hot Tub Heat: Understanding the High Ocean Temperatures off Florida's Coast". Thompson Earth Systems Institute. September 27, 2023. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
34. ^ T. Frederick Davis (1908). "Climatology of Jacksonville, Fla. and Vicinity" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
35. ^ "Pensacola snow photos: The Pensacola area saw historic snow. Here's what it looked like". January 24, 2025.
36. ^ "Florida beats Alaska seasonal snow after Gulf Coast snowstorm".
37. ^ Local6.com. Snow Falls In Central Florida. Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on November 26, 2006.
38. ^ National Weather Service Forecast Office Tallahassee, Florida. Florida's Top 10 Weather Events of the 20th Century. Retrieved on June 3, 2007. Archived October 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
39. ^ Atzori, Roberta; Fyall, Alan; Miller, Graham (December 1, 2018). "Tourist responses to climate change: Potential impacts and adaptation in Florida's coastal destinations". Tourism Management. 69: 12–22\. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.05.005. ISSN 0261-5177.
40. ^ Narayan, Siddharth; Thomas, Christopher J.; Nzerem, Kechi; Matthewman, Joss; Shepard, Christine; Geselbracht, Laura; Beck, Michael W. (June 13, 2025), The spatially variable effects of mangroves on flood depths and losses from storm surges in Florida, arXiv:2506.09078, retrieved August 5, 2025
41. ^ "Parts of US's Southernmost States will "Tropicalize" as Climate Changes | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
42. ^ Devitt, Cameron (January 2012). "Florida Biodiversity under a Changing Climate" (PDF). State University System of Florida.
43. ^ Reese, Phillip (July 6, 2025). "As mosquito season peaks, officials brace for new normal of dengue cases". WUSF KFF Health News. Retrieved August 6, 2025.
44. ^ "Health Effects of Summer Heat in Florida" (PDF). Florida Department of Health. August 2015.
45. ^ Charles H. Paxton, J. Colson and N. Carlisle (2008). "P2.13 Florida lightning deaths and injuries 2004-2007". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
46. ^ "Top Ten Tornado Lists", tornadoproject.com, archived from the original on February 4, 2012
47. ^ Average Annual Number of Tornadoes, 1991-2010. Downloaded Sunday, 4 August 2013 18:25:05 EDT. Last Updated Monday, 20 May 2013 10:45:01 EDT. From National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
48. ^ United States Department of Commerce (June 1998). "Service Assessment: Central Florida Tornado Outbreak February 22–23, 1998" (PDF). National Weather Service. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
49. ^ Erdman, Jonathan (October 23, 2024). "Hurricane Milton Spawned Record Number Of Florida Tornadoes". Weather.com. The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
50. ^ "Study: Florida #1 In Tornadoes and Deaths". Brevard Times. Cocoa Beach, Florida. June 16, 2014. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.
51. ^ Brown, Daniel; Rothfuss, Joel. "An Approach to Waterspout Forecasting for South Florida and the Keys". National Weather Service Miami. National Weather Service. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
52. ^ Ali, Javed; Wahl, Thomas; Enriquez, Alejandra R.; Rashid, Md Mamunur; Morim, Joao; Gall, Melanie; Emrich, Christopher T. (December 1, 2023). "The role of compound climate and weather extreme events in creating socio-economic impacts in South Florida". Weather and Climate Extremes. 42 100625\. Bibcode:2023WCE....4200625A. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2023.100625. ISSN 2212-0947.
53. ^ National Hurricane Center. Atlantic Tracks File 1851-2006. Retrieved on June 2, 2007. [dead link]
54. ^ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division (October 4, 2006). "Frequently Asked Questions: Are TC tornadoes weaker than midlatitude tornadoes?". NOAA. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
55. ^ National Hurricane Center (2006). "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved October 2, 2007.
56. ^ Calabrese, Raffaella; Dombrowski, Timothy; Mandel, Antoine; Pace, R. Kelley; Zanin, Luca (April 1, 2024). "Impacts of extreme weather events on mortgage risks and their evolution under climate change: A case study on Florida". European Journal of Operational Research. 314 (1): 377–392\. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.11.022. ISSN 0377-2217.
57. ^ a b Florida Disaster Management accessed March 9, 2008 Archived December 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
58. ^ Rice, Doyle (December 28, 2010). "Winter "wild card" in play". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4A.
59. ^ "united states annual sunshine map". HowStuffWorks, Inc. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
60. ^ "Pensacola Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
61. ^ "Tallahassee Climate Normals". Florida Climate Center. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
62. ^ "Jacksonville Climate Normals". Florida Climate Center. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
63. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
64. ^ "Daytona Beach Climate". Florida State University.
65. ^ "Tampa Climate Normals". Florida Climate Center. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011.
66. ^ "Miami Climate Normals". Florida Climate Center. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
67. ^ "Key West Climate Normals". Florida Climate Center. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2016.

[1]

## External links

[edit]

* Florida Climate Center
* Florida Climate Institute
* Cartoon depicting La Nina's effect on Florida

* v
* t
* e

Climate of the United States

States|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Federal district|

Washington, D.C.

Territories|

* American Samoa
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

By city, county,
or region|

* Allentown
* Anchorage
* Beaumont
* Bismarck
* Chicago
* Columbus
* Dallas
* Door County
* Grand Forks
* Houston
* Little Rock
* Los Angeles
* New England
* Miami
* Milwaukee
* Minneapolis–Saint Paul
* New York City
* Oklahoma City
* Salt Lake City
* San Diego
* Seattle
* Tampa Bay area

Topics|

* Cities by sunshine duration § North America
* Climate change
* Derecho events § North America
* Extremely critical days
* High risk days
* Droughts
* Floods
* Hailstorms § North America
* Hurricanes
* Snow and ice events
* Snow in Florida
* Snow in Louisiana
* Snowiest places by state
* Tornadoes
* Weather records for Michigan, North Carolina, Connecticut, and Minnesota
* Weather-related fatalities
* Backdoor cold front
* North American High
* North Pacific High
* Atlantic hurricane
* Santa Ana winds
* Chinook wind
* June Gloom
* Tule fog

* v
* t
* e

State of Florida

Tallahassee (capital)

History|

* Timeline
* Indigenous peoples of Florida
* Spanish Florida
* missions
* British Rule
* East Florida
* West Florida
* Florida Territory
* Seminole Wars
* Slavery
* Plantations of Leon County
* Mosquito County
* Armed Occupation Act
* Civil War
* Great Migration
* Fishing ranchos
* Florida East Coast Railway
* Draining and development of the Everglades
* Florida land boom of the 1920s
* Kennedy Space Center
* Disney World

Geography|

* Beaches
* Bays
* Caves
* Counties
* Everglades
* Keys
* Lakes
* Lake Okeechobee
* Metro areas
* Municipalities
* Regions
* Rivers
* Sinkholes
* Springs
* State forests
* State parks
* Straits
* Swamps

Major
hurricanes|

* Florida Keys (1919)
* Tampa Bay (1921)
* Miami (1926)
* Okeechobee (1928)
* Florida Keys (1929)
* Treasure Coast (1933)
* Labor Day (1935)
* Dry Tortugas (1944)
* Homestead (1945)
* Fort Lauderdale (1947)
* South Florida (1948)
* 1949 Florida hurricane
* Easy (1950)
* King (1950)
* Donna (1960)
* Betsy (1965)
* Eloise (1975)
* Elena (1985)
* Andrew (1992)
* Opal (1995)
* Charley (2004)
* Frances (2004)
* Ivan (2004)
* Jeanne (2004)
* Dennis (2005)
* Wilma (2005)
* Matthew (2016)
* Irma (2017)
* Michael (2018)
* Dorian (2019)
* Ian (2022)
* Idalia (2023)
* Helene (2024)
* Milton (2024)

Society|

* African-American
* Brazilian-American culture
* Miami
* Orlando
* Crime
* Cuban-American culture
* Miami
* Tampa
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Agriculture
* Tourism
* Education
* Florida cracker
* Floridians
* Government
* Haitian-American culture
* Delray Beach
* Miami
* Homelessness
* Human trafficking
* Indigenous peoples
* Everglades
* LGBT rights
* Politics
* Ballot measures
* Congressional delegations
* Congressional districts
* Puerto Rican culture
* Orlando
* Kissimmee
* Politics
* Sports
* Seminole
* Black Seminoles
* Sports

Culture|

* Casinos
* Film
* Florida Man
* Florida Heritage Trails
* Floridiana
* Cuisine of Florida
* Literature
* Miami accent
* Music
* Mass media
* newspapers
* radio
* TV
* Symbols
* flag
* motto
* seal
* Visit Florida

Environment|

* Environmental issues
* Fauna
* Flora
* Florida Reef
* Geology
* Climate
* climate change

Other|

* Cuba–United States relations
* Index
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation

Florida portal

1. ^ "NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2025.

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template