Coccygeus muscle

Muscle of the lower back arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium

Coccygeus muscle

Left Levator ani from within.

Details
Origin| Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine
Insertion| Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum
Nerve| Pudendal nerve; sacral nerves: S4, S5[1] or S3-S4[2]
Actions| pulls coccyx forward after defecation, closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis
Identifiers
Latin| musculus coccygeus
TA98| A04.5.04.011
TA2| 2412
FMA| 19088
Anatomical terms of muscle

[edit on Wikidata]

The coccygeus muscle or ischiococcygeus is a muscle of the pelvic floor, located posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament.

## Structure[edit]

The coccygeus muscle is posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament in the pelvic floor. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers. It arises by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament.[3][4] It is inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum.[3][4]

In combination with the levator ani, it forms the pelvic diaphragm.[5]

The pudendal nerve runs between the coccygeus muscle and the piriformis muscle, superficial to the coccygeus muscle.[6]

### Nerve supply[edit]

The coccygeus muscle is innervated by the pudendal nerve, which runs between it and the piriformis muscle.[7]

## Function[edit]

The coccygeus muscle assists the levator ani and piriformis muscle in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis.[8] This helps to support the vagina in women, and the other pelvic organs.[8]

## See also[edit]

* Extensor coccygis
* Coccyx
* Coccydynia (coccyx pain, tailbone pain)
* Pubococcygeus muscle

## References[edit]

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 424 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

1. ^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
2. ^ "uams.edu". Archived from the original on 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
3. ^ a b Ho, MAT H.; Bhatia, NARENDER N. (2007-01-01), Lobo, Rogerio A. (ed.), "CHAPTER 51 - Lower Urinary Tract Disorders in Postmenopausal Women", Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman (Third Edition), St. Louis: Academic Press, pp. 693–737, doi:10.1016/b978-012369443-0/50063-6, ISBN 978-0-12-369443-0, retrieved 2021-02-07
4. ^ a b Sokol, Andrew I.; Walters, Mark D. (2007-01-01), Sokol, Andrew I.; Sokol, Eric R. (eds.), "Chapter 23 - Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction", General Gynecology, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 543–581, doi:10.1016/b978-032303247-6.10023-1, ISBN 978-0-323-03247-6, retrieved 2021-02-07
5. ^ Barone, William R.; Abramowitch, Steven D.; Moalli, Pamela A. (2015-01-01), Badylak, Stephen F. (ed.), "Chapter 13 - Host Response to Biomaterials for Pelvic Floor Reconstruction", Host Response to Biomaterials, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 375–423, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800196-7.00013-x, ISBN 978-0-12-800196-7, retrieved 2021-02-07
6. ^ Bennett, Richard C.; Peters, Kenneth M. (2008-01-01), Raz, Shlomo; Rodríguez, Larissa V. (eds.), "Chapter 24 - PUDENDAL NERVE STIMULATION", Female Urology (Third Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 284–289, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2339-5.50073-2, ISBN 978-1-4160-2339-5
7. ^ H. Kim, Daniel; A. Murovic, Judith (2008-01-01), Kim, Daniel H.; Midha, Rajiv; Murovic, Judith A.; Spinner, Robert J. (eds.), "11 - Lower extremity nerve injuries", Kline and Hudson's Nerve Injuries (Second Edition), Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 209–278, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-9537-2.50019-0, ISBN 978-0-7216-9537-2, retrieved 2021-02-07
8. ^ a b Muir, Tristi W. (2008-01-01), Raz, Shlomo; Rodríguez, Larissa V. (eds.), "Chapter 74 - POSTERIOR WALL PROLAPSE: SEGMENTAL DEFECT REPAIR", Female Urology (Third Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 729–736, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2339-5.50123-3, ISBN 978-1-4160-2339-5, retrieved 2021-02-07

## External links[edit]

* Anatomy photo:43:16-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Female Pelvis: Muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm"
* Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
* pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (femalepelvicdiaphragm, malepelvicdiaphragm)
* Coccyx pain, tailbone pain, coccydynia (Peer-reviewed medical chapter, available free online at eMedicine)

* v
* t
* e

Muscles and ligaments of abdomen and pelvis

Abdominal wall|

| Anterior/
lateral|

| Muscle|

* Abdominal external oblique
* Transverse abdominal
* Conjoint tendon
* Rectus sheath
* rectus abdominis
* pyramidalis
* Arcuate line
* Tendinous intersection
* Cremaster
* Abdominal internal oblique

|

Fascia|

* Abdominal fascia
* panniculus adiposus
* Fascia of Camper
* Membranous layer
* Fascia of Scarpa
* Transverse fascia
* Interfoveolar ligament
* Linea alba
* Linea semilunaris

Inguinal|

* Inguinal triangle
* Inguinal canal
* Deep inguinal ring
* Superficial inguinal ring
* Intercrural fibers
* Crura of superficial inguinal ring
* Inguinal ligament
* Pectineal ligament
* Lacunar ligament
* Reflected ligament

Posterior|

| Muscle|

* quadratus lumborum
* Iliopsoas
* psoas major
* psoas minor
* iliacus

|

Fascia|

* Iliac fascia
* Iliopectineal arch

Pelvis|

| Muscle|

* levator ani
* iliococcygeus
* pubococcygeus
* puborectalis
* coccygeus
* rectococcygeus

|

Fascia|

* pelvic fascia
* Visceral
* Rectovaginal fascia
* Rectoprostatic fascia
* Parietal
* Obturator fascia
* Tendinous arch
* Piriformis fascia
* floor
* superior fascia
* Pubovesical ligament
* Puboprostatic ligament
* inferior fascia
* Anococcygeal body

Portal:

* Anatomy

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* Terminologia Anatomica

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