Colombian Americans

Americans of Colombian birth or descent

Ethnic group

Colombian Americans

Total population
2,307,768 (2024) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Over 35% concentrated in Florida; Predominantly in Miami, as well as Tampa area and Orlando area

Significant populations in New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Houston, and Washington, D.C. Growing populations in Atlanta, Chicago, Greenville, Jacksonville, Dallas–Fort Worth, San Francisco, Denver, Las Vegas, Bamberg[2] and Philadelphia.
Languages
Colombian Spanish, American English, Indigenous Languages
Religion
Predominantly:

Roman Catholicism

Minority:
Protestantism, Evangelicalism, Baptist, Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Spaniards, White Colombians, Mestizo, Indigenous peoples of Colombia, Native Americans in the United States, Afro-Colombians, German Colombian, Italian Colombian, Lebanese Colombians, Jewish-Colombian, Demographics of Colombia, Spanish Americans, Mexican Americans, Venezuelan Americans, Ecuadorian Americans
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Colombian Americans (Spanish: colomboamericanos), are Americans who have Colombian ancestry. The word may refer to someone born in the United States of full or partial Colombian descent or to someone who has immigrated to the United States from Colombia. Colombian Americans are the largest South Americans Hispanic group in the United States.[3]

Many communities throughout the United States have significant Colombian American populations. Florida (826,391) has the highest concentration and population of Colombian Americans in the United States, followed by New York (311,685), New Jersey (300,637), Texas (134,865), and California (120,873).[4]

## History

[edit]

The first Colombian immigrants who settled in the United States likely arrived in the 1800s. However, the Colombian presence in the United States would not be known with certainty since the U.S. census included all the South Americans that lived in the United States in the "other Latinos" category.

The first community of Colombian origin was formed after World War I, through the arrival of several hundred professionals (nurses, accountants, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, and bilingual secretaries) that established themselves in New York City; later on, more people were added to the community when Colombian students decided to stay in the U.S. after they finished their studies. Most immigrants settled in Manhattan for many years until the late 1970s when they started to migrate to Jackson Heights, a middle-class neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City, that has good housing, schools and churches. The growth of the Colombian population was slow until 1940, when there was an increase in Colombian immigration to New York.

### Post-World War II

[edit]

Most Colombians who arrived after the mid-1960s wanted to stay in the United States for a specific time period. Therefore, the number of undocumented Colombian immigrants increased: from 250,000 to 350,000 people in the mid-1970s. Despite the promulgation of many laws against immigration, the number of Colombians that immigrated to the United States did not stop growing. Most of them immigrated to New York. Smaller communities formed in Los Angeles, Houston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., and in the 1970s, North Side, Chicago.[5]

Since the 1980s, many Colombians have immigrated to Miami (especially in its suburbs, such as Doral, Kendall, and Hialeah, and the Weston suburb of Fort Lauderdale). The first Colombians immigrating to the city lived in Little Havana, from where they established commercial relations between Miami and Latin America. The area also attracted wealthy Colombians, who settled there for reasons as diverse as educational, medical or economics.[5]

By the early 1990s, many Colombians left the metropolitan centers and settled in the suburbs to escape crime and high product prices in the city. This trend probably started for the first time in the coastal towns of Connecticut and New York. Colombian communities grew significantly in places such as Stamford, Union City and Englewood, New Jersey, Jacksonville, Florida (which attracted a growing number of people from Miami), and Skokie, Evanston, Arlington Heights and Park Ridge. Despite the migration to other areas, the largest communities remained in New York City, Miami, and their environs.[5]

In 1990 and 1991, 124,745 Colombians legally immigrated to the United States, surpassing immigrants from the rest of Latin America. They were for the first time the most populous group of undocumented immigrants in the United States from Latin America, excluding Mexico. Between 1992 and 1997, the intensity of the conflict in Colombia increased, so nearly 190,000 Colombians immigrated to the United States in this period, many of them going to California.[5]

### Causes of migration

[edit]

In Miville's "Colombians in the United States: History, Values, and Challenges," the nature of Colombian migration is described. He writes,"Colombian migration patterns have been distinguished by scholars as three distinct waves involving diverse demographic groups, reasons for migrating, and contextual factors with a mixture of push and pull factors from both the originating and host countries (Madrigal, 2013; Migration Policy Institute, 2015). Immigration to the United States was essentially minor from about 1820 to 1950 when fewer than 7000 Colombians immigrated to the United States. Indeed, the Colombian presence in the United States was not recognized officially until 1960, when the U.S. Census began to specify the country of origin for South Americans (Migration Policy Institute, 2015)." Economic problems and violence have led to an immigration of Colombians to the United States, particularly South Florida (especially in the suburbs of Miami, Florida such as Doral, Kendall, and Hialeah, and the Weston suburb of Fort Lauderdale), Central Florida, New Jersey (North Jersey), Queens County in New York City, Philadelphia, the Washington, D.C., metro area, eastern Long Island, and an expanding community in California, Texas and Georgia, mainly in the Los Angeles, Houston and Atlanta areas.[5]

First Wave: After World War I, many Colombians immigrated to the United States in order to complete their education there, studying at the universities of the country. Most of them settled in New York. Many Colombians immigrated to the United States in order to complete their education, studying in universities across the country (Madrigal, 2013; Sassen-Koob, 1989). After the civil war in 1948 and increased poverty in Colombia, many Colombians also immigrated to the United States during the 1950s. In the 1960s, the economic crisis prompted the immigration of many Colombians to the United States, obtaining U.S. citizenship Between 1960 and 1977.[5]

Second Wave (1965–1989): "The passage of several U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Act's amendments in 1965 allowed for more Colombians to migrate to the United States (Madrigal, 2013)"

Third Wave (1990–2008): "The 1980s and 1990s brought the rise in cocaine trafficking, along with the influence of the drug cartels and paramilitary groups (Carvajal, 2017; Migration Policy Institute, 2015). From the 1990s, along with the ensuing turmoil over a political assassination in 1989, the number of Colombians admitted to the United States tripled, representing the largest numbers of immigrants from a South American country (Carvajal, 2017; Migration Policy Institute, 2015)" Since the 1980s, many Colombians fled their urban cities to migrate to suburban areas in states like New Jersey and Connecticut, as their socioeconomic status improved. The conflict escalation between terrorists, paramilitaries, and narcos between 1992 and 1997 also boosted Colombian emigration during this period. As was discussed earlier, about 75,000 Colombians immigrated at that time to the United States, concentrating mostly in the state of California.[5]

## Demographics

[edit]

As of the 2000 Census, 278,600 Colombians were living in the New York metro area[6] and 213,200 Colombians were living in the Miami metropolitan area. The largest Colombian community lives in the South Florida area (Doral, Kendall, Weston, and Country Club) and Jackson Heights in Queens County, New York City.[5]

In New York City, a large Colombian community thrives and continues to expand in size since the wave of immigration began in the 1970s. Jackson Heights in Queens County was heavily Colombian during the 1980s, but other immigrant groups have settled in the area, notably Ecuadoreans and Mexicans. Many of the displaced Colombians have moved to adjacent areas such as Elmhurst, East Elmhurst, Corona, while wealthier Colombian Immigrants have gone further afield to College Point and Flushing. Queens County still has the second largest concentration of Colombians in the United States of any county (roughly 155,000).[7]

In 2021, Pew Research Center found that, as far as gender demographics are concerned, women in the United States have made up about 55.7% of Colombian migrants, while men have made up about 44.3% of the Colombian migrant population. [8]

### Ancestry

[edit]

Further information: Colombian people

Ethnically, Colombian Americans are a diverse population including Colombians of European ancestry (mainly Spanish) ancestry), Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-European), Afro-Colombians, and Colombians of Indigenous ancestry. In addition, many Colombians of Middle Eastern descent, notably Lebanese Colombians, also compose the Colombian diaspora.

Until 1960, most Colombians immigrating to the United States were white or mestizos. However, between this year and 1977, a period in which more than 186,000 Colombians immigrated to the United States, are becoming more ethnically diverse, representing the ethnic diversity of the population of Colombia. So today, most Colombians consist of white, mestizo, indigenous, and Afro-Colombian ancestry.[5]

### U.S. states with the largest Colombian-American populations

[edit]

State/Territory | Colombian
American
Population
(2024 estimate)[9] | Percentage

|
|

Alabama | 6,286 | 0.0%
Alaska | 1,406 | 0.1%
Arizona | 14,229 | 0.2%
Arkansas | 1,117 | 0.0%
California | 120,873 | 0.3%
Colorado | 18,837 | 0.3%
Connecticut | 70,219 | 2.0%
Delaware | 2,117 | 0.1%
District of Columbia | 4,772 | 0.7%
Florida | 826,391 | 3.8%
Georgia | 45,218 | 0.4%
Hawaii | 2,450 | 0.1%
Idaho | 2,656 | 0.1%
Illinois | 36,888 | 0.3%
Indiana | 6,809 | 0.0%
Iowa | 2,826 | 0.1%
Kansas | 4,423 | 0.1%
Kentucky | 2,663 | 0.0%
Louisiana | 5,038 | 0.1%
Maine | 1,309 | 0.0%
Maryland | 17,202 | 0.2%
Massachusetts | 84,774 | 1.2%
Michigan | 9,219 | 0.0%
Minnesota | 6,863 | 0.1%
Mississippi | 1,831 | 0.0%
Missouri | 4,809 | 0.1%
Montana | 541 | 0.0%
Nebraska | 1,604 | 0.1%
Nevada | 13,391 | 0.4%
New Hampshire | 8,684 | 0.6%
New Jersey | 300,637 | 3.3%
New Mexico | 4,293 | 0.1%
New York | 311,685 | 1.6%
North Carolina | 33,132 | 0.3%
North Dakota | 715 | 0.1%
Ohio | 8,805 | 0.0%
Oklahoma | 3,762 | 0.1%
Oregon | 4,878 | 0.1%
Pennsylvania | 31,355 | 0.2%
Rhode Island | 23,659 | 2.2%
South Carolina | 17,582 | 0.2%
South Dakota | 379 | 0.0%
Tennessee | 8,943 | 0.1%
Texas | 134,865 | 0.4%
Utah | 9,118 | 0.2%
Vermont | 656 | 0.1%
Virginia | 24,690 | 0.3%
Washington | 12,387 | 0.1%
West Virginia | 768 | 0.0%
Wisconsin | 5,683 | 0.0%
Wyoming | 309 | 0.0%
US (2024) | 2,311,284 | 0.7%

### U.S. metropolitan areas with the largest Colombian populations

[edit]

The largest populations of Colombians are situated in the following metropolitan areas (Source: 2024 estimate):[10]

1. New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA-CT MSA – 601,729
2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL MSA – 536,283
3. Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA – 148,441
4. Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA – 94,507
5. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA – 81,247
6. Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metro Area – 78,998
7. Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA – 69,227
8. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA – 54,476
9. Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA \- 34,297
10. Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA – 34,014
11. Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA \- 33,373
12. Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK \- 31,624
13. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA MSA \- 31,066

### U.S. communities with the most residents born in Colombia

[edit]

The top 25 U.S. communities with the most residents born in Colombia are (2024):[11]

1. Elizabeth, New Jersey 29.3%
2. Kendall, Florida 26.4%
3. Victory Gardens, New Jersey 25.2%
4. Country Club, Florida 20.9%
5. Dover, New Jersey 20.5%
6. The Hammocks, Florida 19.7%
7. Pembroke Pines, Florida 19.5%
8. Ojus, Florida 19.4%
9. Katonah, New York 18.4%
10. Weston, Florida 18.5%
11. Aventura, Florida 17.7%
12. Sunny Isles Beach, Florida 17.3%
13. Guttenberg, New Jersey 16.9%
14. Wharton, New Jersey 16.4%
15. Shinnecock Hills, New York 15.8%
16. Kendall West, Florida 15.7%
17. Westchester, Florida 15.4%
18. Katonah, New York 14.6%
19. Central Falls, Rhode Island 14.4%
20. Revere, Massachusetts 13.9%
21. Hampton Bays, New York 12.5%
22. Byram, Connecticut 11.6%
23. North Bay Village, Florida 11.2%
24. Doral, Florida 10.9%
25. Greenbriar, Florida 10.8%

Top counties by number of Colombian-Born immigrants according to estimates from the American Community Survey for 2024 Estimates[12]

1) Miami-Dade County, Florida – 254,000

2) Broward County, Florida – 177,600

3) Queens Borough, New York – 151,400

4) Union County, New Jersey – 127,500

5) Bergen County, New Jersey – 85,800

6) Orange County, Florida – 64,500

7) Palm Beach County, Florida – 54,500

8) Los Angeles County, California – 47,400

9) Harris County, Texas – 45,100

10) Hillsborough County, Florida – 41,000

## Culture

[edit]

### Music and pastimes

[edit]

Musical styles that are enjoyed by Colombian Americans include Vallenato and Cumbia.

The main pastime of Colombians in the United States is soccer, and most Colombian Americans raised in the United States continue to follow soccer. Another popular pastime, especially among the older generation, is parqués, a Colombian board game which is very similar to Parcheesi.

### Food and drink

[edit]

See also: Colombian cuisine

A traditional Bandeja paisa meal. A staple dish assembled with several foods making necessary to use a platter. It is made of beans, rice, fried eggs, chorizo, pork rind and other ingredients depending on the location.

Colombian food is varied due to the several distinct regions of Colombia. Popular dishes include bandeja paisa, sancocho (chicken or fish soup with plantain), empanadas (meat-filled turnovers), pandebono and pan de queso (types of cheese-bread), and arepas (corncake similar to a tortilla). Colombian food is popular and well known in South Florida and in Queens County. Some of the most common ingredients are: cereals such as rice and corn; tubers such as potato and cassava; assorted legumes; meats, including beef, chicken, pork and goat; fish; and seafood.[13][14]

Among the most representative appetizers and soups are patacones (fried green plantains), sancocho de gallina (chicken soup with root vegetables) and ajiaco (potato and corn soup). Representative snacks and breads are pandebono, arepas (corn cakes), aborrajados (fried sweet plantains with cheese), torta de choclo, empanadas and almojábanas. Representative main courses are bandeja paisa, lechona tolimense, mamona, tamales and fish dishes (such as arroz de lisa), especially in coastal regions where kibbeh, suero, costeño cheese and carimañolas are also eaten. Representative side dishes are papas chorreadas (potatoes with cheese), remolachas rellenas con huevo duro (beets stuffed with hard-boiled egg) and arroz con coco (coconut rice).[15][13][16][17]

Representative desserts are buñuelos, natillas, Maria Luisa cake, bocadillo made of guayaba (guava jelly), cocadas (coconut balls), casquitos de guayaba (candied guava peels), torta de natas, obleas, flan de arequipe, roscón, milhoja, and the tres leches cake (a sponge cake soaked in milk, covered in whipped cream, then served with condensed milk). Typical sauces (salsas) are hogao (tomato and onion sauce) and Colombian-style ají.[15][13]

### Beverages

[edit]

Colombian coffee is known for its quality and distinct flavor.

Colombian coffee is the world's most popular coffee and is renowned for its high quality and distinct flavor. Though much of the world's quality coffee beans come from Colombia, there are many Colombian Americans that drink instant coffee rather than brewed. It is popularly consumed as a "tinto", meaning black with sugar or panela on the side, or as café con leche, which is a preparation of half coffee and half heated milk.

Some other representative beverages are champús, cholado, gaseosas, lulada, aromáticas, avena colombiana, sugarcane juice, aguapanela, and hot chocolate.[15][13]

Aguardiente is popular alcoholic drink derived from sugarcane and flavored with anise. It is widely consumed at Colombian parties, and ranges in potency from 20% to 40%. Aguardiente is a variation of the Spanish alcoholic drink.

Colombian cuisine also features a wide variety of tropical fruits such as uchuva, feijoa, arazá, nispero, pitaya, cherimoya, mamoncillo, guanabana, pineapple, mangostino, maracuya, zapote, granadilla, papaya, guava, mora (blackberry), and lulo, among many more.[15] Colombia is one of the world's largest consumers of fruit juices. These juices have made their way to supermarkets all across the United States.[18]

## Notable people

[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Colombian Americans.

### Professional sports

[edit]

Ice hockey

* Scott Gomez – played for 16 seasons in the NHL, from 1999 to 2016.

American football

* Kiko Alonso – linebacker

* Christian Gonzalez \- Cornerback selected in the 2023 NFL Draft, currently plays for the New England Patriots

Soccer

* Jesús Ferreira \- Born in Colombia and came to Dallas as a child; currently plays for FC Dallas in MLS and the United States
* Jorge Acosta – Played in various ASL teams, including a brief stint with the United States national team in the early 1990s.
* Diego Chará – current player for the Portland Timbers.
* Luis Carlos Perea – Former player; son of Luis Alberto Perea and was named one of the 100 most prominent Latinos in Miami.
* Juan Agudelo – Currently plays for New England Revolution in Major League Soccer and for the United States national team.
* Andrés Perea – Currently plays for Orlando City in Major league soccer; son of Nixon Perea.
* Yimmi Chará – Current player for the Portland Timbers.
* Alejandro Bedoya – Currently plays for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer and for the United States national team.
* Wilman Conde, Jr. – Played in the MLS for the Chicago Fire in MLS.
* Carlos Llamosa – Played in the MLS and for U.S. at 2002 FIFA World Cup, currently retired
* Diego Gutiérrez \- Played entire career in two MLS clubs, earning one cap with the United States in 2001.

Baseball

See also: List of Major League Baseball players from Colombia

* Lou Castro
* Orlando Cabrera
* Édgar Rentería

Cycling

* George Hincapie – Tour de France competitor

Auto racing

* Juan Pablo Montoya
* Roberto Guerrero

Professional Wrestling

* Red Velvet – Currently wrestling at AEW.

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal
* Hispanic and Latino Americans portal
* Colombia portal

* German Colombian
* Italian Colombian
* Lebanese Colombians
* Colombia–United States relations

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Colombian Immigrants in the United States". Migration Policy Institute. July 11, 2023. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
2. ^ Simich, Jerry L.; Wright, Thomas C. (March 15, 2010). More Peoples of Las Vegas: One City, Many Faces. University of Nevada Press. ISBN 9780874178180.
3. ^ Pamela Sturner, "Colombian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 519-530.
4. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census".
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Colombian Americans - History, Immigration, Acculturation and Assimilation, Holidays, Dances and songs, Health issues". Everyculture.com. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
6. ^ "Colombians in New York".
7. ^ "How Jackson Heights Earned the Nickname 'Little Colombia'". www.ny1.com.
8. ^ Haner, Joanne; Lopez, Mark Hugo (September 28, 2023). "8 facts about recent Latino immigrants to the U.S." Pew Research Center. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
9. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census".
10. ^ https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2020.B03001?q=B03001:+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+ORIGIN+BY+SPECIFIC+ORIGIN&g=310XX00US16980 [bare URL]
11. ^ "Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Colombia (population 500+)". city-data.com. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
12. ^ "U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County". migrationpolicy.org. February 4, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
13. ^ a b c d "Paseo de olla. Recetas de las cocinas regionales de Colombia - Biblioteca básica de cocinas tradicionales de Colombia" (PDF). Mincultura.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved July 6, 2016.
14. ^ "Food presentation" (PDF). Mincultura.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved January 22, 2017.
15. ^ a b c d "Gran libro de la cocina colombiana - Biblioteca básica de cocinas tradicionales de Colombia" (PDF). Mincultura.gov.co (in Spanish). Retrieved July 6, 2016.
16. ^ "Hábitos de los consumidores en la tendencia saludable" (in Spanish). nielsen.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
17. ^ "Colombian Food; A List of Traditional and Modern Colombian Recipes". Southamericanfood.about.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
18. ^ Singh, Gitanjali M., et al. "Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk: a systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries." PLoS ONE 10.8 (2015): e0124845.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Dockterman, Daniel. “Hispanics of Colombian Origin in the United States.” (Pew Research Center, May 26, 2011) online
* Sturner, Pamela. "Colombian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 519–530. online

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colombian diaspora in the United States.

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* Singapore
* Thailand
* Vietnam

Western|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Georgia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* military
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Yemen

Europe|

| Eastern|

* Belarus
* Bulgaria
* Czech Republic
* Hungary
* Moldova
* Transnistria
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia
* Slovakia
* Ukraine

|

Northern|

* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Norway
* Sweden
* United Kingdom
* Special Relationship
* Bermuda
* Cayman Islands

Southern|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Greece
* Holy See
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Malta
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Portugal
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovenia
* Spain

Western|

* Austria
* Belgium
* France
* Germany
* Liechtenstein
* Luxembourg
* Monaco
* Netherlands
* Switzerland

Oceania|

| Australasia|

* Australia
* New Zealand

|

Melanesia|

* Fiji
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands
* Vanuatu

Micronesia|

* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* Palau

Polynesia|

* Cook Islands
* Samoa
* Tonga
* Tuvalu

Former states|

* Artsakh
* Grand Duchy of Baden
* Kingdom of Bavaria
* Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
* Federal Republic of Central America
* Greater Republic of Central America
* Congo Free State
* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany
* Republic of Genoa
* German Empire
* Kingdom of Hanover
* Hanseatic Republics
* Hawaiian Kingdom
* Grand Duchy of Hesse
* Mecklenburg-Schwerin
* Mecklenburg-Strelitz
* Duchy of Nassau
* North German Confederation
* Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
* Orange Free State
* Ottoman Empire
* Papal States
* Duchy of Parma
* Prussia
* Russian Empire
* Ryukyu Kingdom
* Kingdom of Sardinia
* Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
* Soviet Union
* Republic of Texas
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany
* Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
* Kingdom of Württemberg
* Yugoslavia

Multilateral relations

* Africa
* Arab League
* Asia
* East Asia
* European Union
* Latin America
* Middle East
* United Nations
* C5+1
* Major non-NATO ally
* Third Border Initiative
* International organizations

Doctrines, policies, concepts

| Presidential
doctrines|

* Proclamation of Neutrality
* Monroe
* Roosevelt Corollary
* Good Neighbor policy
* Truman
* Eisenhower
* Kennedy
* Johnson
* Nixon
* Carter
* Reagan
* Clinton
* Bush
* Obama

|

Other doctrines|

* Lodge Corollary
* Stimson
* Kirkpatrick
* Weinberger
* Powell
* Rumsfeld
* Wolfowitz

Policies and
concepts|

* Blowback
* China policy
* Containment
* Domino theory
* Foreign aid
* Middle East policy
* Non-interventionism
* Progressive realism
* Rollback
* Special Relationship

* v
* t
* e

Demographics of the United States

Demographic history

By economic
and social|

* Affluence
* Gender inequality
* Educational attainment
* Emigration
* Home-ownership
* Household income
* Housing segregation
* Immigration
* Income inequality
* Language
* LGBT
* Middle classes
* Personal income
* Poverty
* Racial inequality
* Race and health
* Racial achievement gap
* Racial wage gap
* Social class
* Standard of living
* Unemployment by state
* Wealth
* Ethnocultural politics

By religion|

* Baha'is
* Buddhists
* Christians
* Catholics
* Coptics
* Mormons
* Protestants
* Hindus
* Jains
* Jews
* Muslims
* Ahmadiyyas
* Five Percenters
* Moorish Scientists
* Nation of Islam
* Value Creators
* Native American
* Neopagans
* Non-religious
* Rastafaris
* Scientologists
* Sikhs
* Zoroastrians

By continent and
ethnic ancestry|

| Africa|

* African Americans
* African diaspora in the Americas
* Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
* Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
* Bahamian Americans
* Barbadian Americans
* Bermudian Americans
* Dominican Americans (Dominica)
* Dutch West Indian Americans
* Grenadian Americans
* Haitian Americans
* Jamaican Americans
* Kittian and Nevisian Americans
* Saint Lucian Americans
* Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
* Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
* Vincentian Americans
* Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
* Black Indians
* African immigrants to the United States
* Central Africans in the United States
* Cameroonian Americans
* Congolese Americans
* Equatoguinean Americans
* Gabonese Americans
* Fula Americans
* Igbo Americans
* Southeast Africans in the United States
* Kenyan Americans
* South Sudanese Americans
* Tanzanian Americans
* Ugandan Americans
* Southern Africans in the United States
* Angolan Americans
* Malawian Americans
* South African Americans
* Zimbabwean Americans
* West Africans in the United States
* Beninese Americans
* Bissau-Guinean Americans
* Cape Verdean Americans
* Gambian Americans
* Ghanaian Americans
* Guinean Americans
* Ivorian Americans
* Liberian Americans
* Malian Americans
* Nigerian Americans
* Senegalese Americans
* Sierra Leonean Americans
* Togolese Americans
* Yoruba Americans

* Horn of Africa
* Eritrean Americans
* Ethiopian Americans
* Somali Americans

* North Africans in the United States
* Egyptian Americans
* Coptic Americans
* Berber Americans
* Algerian Americans
* Libyan Americans
* Moroccan American
* Tunisian Americans
* Sudanese Americans

|

Asia|

* Asian Americans
* Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
* Central Asia
* Afghan Americans
* Pashtun Americans
* Baloch Americans
* Kazakh Americans
* Kyrgyz Americans
* Tajik Americans
* Turkmen Americans
* Uyghur Americans
* Uzbek Americans
* East Asia
* Chinese Americans
* Hong Kong Americans
* Taiwanese Americans
* Hakka Americans
* Fuzhounese Americans
* Hoklo Americans
* Tibetan Americans
* Japanese Americans
* Ryukyuan Americans
* Korean Americans
* Mongolian Americans
* South Asia
* Bangladeshi Americans
* Bengali Americans
* Bhutanese Americans
* Indian Americans
* Bengali Americans
* Gujarati Americans
* Indo-Caribbean Americans
* Punjabi Americans
* Sindhi Americans
* Tamil Americans
* Telugu Americans
* Maldivian Americans
* Nepalese Americans
* Pakistani Americans
* Punjabi Americans
* Sindhi Americans
* Sri Lankan Americans
* Tamil Americans
* Southeast Asia
* Burmese Americans
* Karen Americans
* Cambodian Americans
* Filipino Americans
* Hmong Americans
* Indonesian Americans
* Iu Mien Americans
* Laotian Americans
* Malaysian Americans
* Singaporean Americans
* Thai Americans
* Vietnamese Americans

* Romani Americans
* Hungarian Slovak Gypsies

* West Asia
* Arab Americans
* Bahraini Americans
* Emirati Americans
* Iraqi Americans
* Jordanian Americans
* Kuwaiti Americans
* Lebanese Americans
* Omani Americans
* Palestinian Americans
* Qatari Americans
* Saudi Americans
* Syrian Americans
* Yemeni Americans
* Armenian Americans
* Assyrian Americans
* Azerbaijani Americans
* Georgian Americans
* Iranian Americans
* Jewish Americans
* Israeli Americans
* Kurdish Americans
* Turkish Americans

Europe|

* White Americans
* Albanian Americans
* Asturian Americans
* Austrian Americans
* Basque Americans
* Belarusian Americans
* Belgian Americans
* Bosnian Americans
* British Americans
* Cornish Americans
* English Americans
* Manx Americans
* Scottish Americans
* Welsh Americans
* Bulgarian Americans
* Catalan Americans
* Croatian Americans
* Cypriot Americans
* Czech Americans
* Dagestani Americans
* Lezgin Americans
* Dutch Americans
* Estonian Americans
* Finnish Americans
* French Americans
* Cajuns
* Galician Americans
* German Americans
* Greek Americans
* Hungarian Americans
* Irish Americans
* Italian Americans
* before 1880
* Kosovan Americans
* Latvian Americans
* Liechtensteiner Americans
* Lithuanian Americans
* Luxembourgish Americans
* Macedonian Americans
* Maltese Americans
* Moldovan Americans
* Monacan Americans
* Montenegrin Americans
* Occitan Americans
* Polish Americans
* Portuguese Americans
* Romanian Americans
* Russian Americans
* Sammarinese Americans
* Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
* Danish Americans
* Icelandic Americans
* Norwegian Americans
* Swedish Americans
* Serbian Americans
* Slovak Americans
* Slovenian Americans
* Spanish Americans
* Californios
* Swiss Americans
* Ukrainian Americans
* Non-Hispanic whites
* White Hispanic and Latino Americans

North America|

* Native Americans
* Abenaki
* Apache
* Blackfeet
* Cherokee
* Cheyenne
* Chickasaw
* Choctaw
* Colville
* Comanche
* Cree
* Crow
* Houma
* Iroquois
* Cayuga
* Mohawk
* Oneida
* Onondaga
* Seneca
* Tuscarora
* Kiowa
* Lenape
* Menominee
* Mohave
* Mission Indians
* Cahuilla
* Chemehuevi
* Chumash
* Cupeño
* Diegueño
* Esselen
* Juaneño
* Kitanemuk
* Luiseño
* Miwok
* Patwin
* Pomo
* Salinan
* Serrano
* Suisunes
* Ohlone
* Awaswas
* Chalon
* Chochenyo
* Karkin
* Tamyen
* Tataviam
* Tongva
* Wappo
* Wintun
* Yokuts
* Muscogee
* Navajo
* Ojibwe
* Osage
* Odawa
* Paiute
* Pawnee
* Pima
* Potawatomi
* Pueblo
* Zia
* Zuni
* Quechan
* Salish
* Seminole
* Shawnee
* Shoshone
* Sioux
* Tohono Oʼodham
* Ute
* Yakama
* Yaqui
* Alaska Natives
* Alaskan Athabaskans
* Aleut
* Alutiiq
* Gwich'in
* Haida
* Iñupiat
* Tsimshian
* Tlingit
* Yupik

* Canadian Americans

* Hispanic and Latino Americans
* Central America
* Belizean Americans
* Costa Rican Americans
* Guatemalan Americans
* Honduran Americans
* Nicaraguan Americans
* Panamanian Americans
* Salvadoran Americans
* Cuban Americans
* Dominican Americans
* Puerto Rican Americans
* Mexican Americans
* Chicanos
* Indigenous Mexican Americans

Oceania|

* Pacific Islander Americans
* Chamorro Americans
* Fijian Americans
* French Polynesian Americans
* Marshallese Americans
* Micronesian Americans
* Native Hawaiians
* Palauan Americans
* Samoan Americans
* Tongan Americans
* Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
* Australian Americans
* New Zealand Americans

South America|

* Argentine Americans
* Bolivian Americans
* Brazilian Americans
* Chilean Americans
* Colombian Americans
* Ecuadorian Americans
* Guyanese Americans
* Paraguayan Americans
* Peruvian Americans
* Surinamese Americans
* Uruguayan Americans
* Venezuelan Americans

Multiethnic|

* Afro-Asian
* Amerasian
* Blaxican
* Cajuns
* Hapa
* Louisiana Creole people
* Melungeon
* Mulatto
* Punjabi Mexican Americans

* People of the United States / Americans
* American ancestry
* Native American ancestry
* Maps of American ancestries
* 2010 census
* Race and ethnicity in the census
* Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
* Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
* Racism

* v
* t
* e

Colombian diaspora

Americas|

* Argentina
* Mexico
* United States

Europe|

* Spain
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia

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