Columbus II

Transatlantic commincations cable

COLUMBUS II is an optical, repeatered, transatlantic telephone cable. It is approximately 12,102 km (7,520 mi; 6,535 nmi) in length. It entered into commercial service in 1994.[1] The system, along with the Americas cable, was the first to use the Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as its optical amplifier repeaters.[2] In 2009, the transatlantic section was retired, and as of 2023, only the Columbus-II-B section remains in use and has been upgraded. [3]

It is in 3 segments has landing points in:

* Columbus II - A (1121 km) - 560 MB/s

1\. Cancún, Mexico
2\. West Palm Beach, Florida, United States

* Columbus II - B (2068 km) - 2500 MB/s

2\. West Palm Beach, Florida, United States
3\. Magens Bay, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

* Columbus II - C (9116 km) - 560 MB/s

3\. Magens Bay, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
4\. Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
5\. Sardina, Gran Canaria, Spain
6\. Palermo, Sicily, Italy

## See also

[edit]

* Communication source

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Juggerst, Patrick (July 1995). "AT&T's Undersea Fiber-Optic Cable Systems". Sea Technology. 36 (7). Arlington, VA: Compass Publications, Inc.: 29–30, 32–34.
2. ^ Repeatered Fiber Optic Submarine Systems. IGI Consulting (Report). Boston, MA: IGI Consulting, Inc. 1998. p. 27. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
3. ^ FCC. "Report No. SCL-00272" (PDF).

* ICPC Cable database
* Alcatel Website-Cable info
* Yahoo factbook

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Submarine communications cables in the Atlantic Ocean

Operational or future|

* 2Africa
* AC-2
* AEConnect
* Africa Coast to Europe
* ALBA-1
* AMX-1
* ANTILLAS I
* ARCOS-1
* ARIMAO
* Americas II
* Apollo
* Atlantic Crossing 1
* Atlantis-2
* BDSNi
* BRICS Cable
* C-Lion1
* Circe
* Columbus II
* Columbus III
* Concerto 1
* Danice
* Dunant
* ECFS
* EllaLink
* FARICE-1
* GLO-1
* GlobeNet
* Grace Hopper
* Greenland Connect
* HUGO
* Hibernia Express
* MAREA
* MAYA-1
* Main One
* Monet
* NorSea Com 1
* PAN AM
* PEC
* Pacific Caribbean Cable System
* SACS
* SAIL
* SAT-3/WASC
* SAex
* SAm-1
* SEA-ME-WE 3
* SHEFA-2
* SMPR-1
* Southern Caribbean Fiber
* Svalbard Undersea Cable System
* Tangerine
* ULYSSES
* UNISUR
* VSNL Northern Europe
* VSNL Western Europe
* West Africa Cable System

Legacy or abandoned|

* CANTAT-1
* CANTAT-2
* CANTAT-3
* ODIN
* Pangea
* REMBRANDT-1
* REMBRANDT-2
* RIOJA-1
* RIOJA-2
* RIOJA-3
* SAT-2
* TCS-1
* UK-Belgium 5
* WASACE

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Submarine communications cables in the Mediterranean Sea

* 2Africa
* AAE-1
* Africa-1
* ALETAR
* ALPAL-2
* Aphrodite 2
* BARSAV
* Berytar
* Bezeq International Optical System
* Blue
* CADMOS
* CIOS
* Columbus II
* Columbus III
* Eastern Mediterranean Optical System 1
* Europe India Gateway
* GO-1
* I-ME-WE
* KINYRAS
* LEV
* MENA
* MedNautilus
* Minerva
* PEACE Cable
* Pentaskhinos
* Quantum Cable
* SEA-ME-WE 3
* SEA-ME-WE 4
* SEA-ME-WE 5
* SEA-ME-WE 6
* TE North
* TEFKROS
* UGARIT

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