Common Turkic languages

Classification of the Turkic language family

Common Turkic

Shaz Turkic
Geographic
distribution| Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, North Asia, East Asia
Linguistic classification| Turkic

* Common Turkic

Subdivisions|

* Oghuz
* Kipchak
* Karluk
* Siberian Turkic
* Arghu

Language codes
Glottolog| `comm1245`

Map of the distribution of Common Turkic Languages across Eurasia

Common Turkic, or Shaz Turkic, is a taxon in some classifications of the Turkic languages that includes all of them except the Oghuric languages which had diverged earlier.

## Classification

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Lars Johanson's proposal contains the following subgroups:[1][2]

* Southwestern Common Turkic (Oghuz)
* Northwestern Common Turkic (Kipchak)
* Southeastern Common Turkic (Karluk)
* Northeastern Common Turkic (Siberian)
* Arghu (Khalaj)

In that classification scheme, Common Turkic is opposed to the Oghuric languages (Lir-Turkic). The Common Turkic languages are characterized by sound correspondences such as Common Turkic š versus Oghuric l and Common Turkic z versus Oghuric r.

Siberian Turkic is split into a "Central Siberian Turkic" and "North Siberian Turkic" branch within the classification presented in Glottolog v4.8.[3]

In other classification schemes (such as those of Alexander Samoylovich and Nikolay Baskakov), the internal classification is different.[4][5]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lars Johanson (1998) The History of Turkic. In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81–125.
2. ^ "turcologica". www.turkiclanguages.com. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Common Turkic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-09-22. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
4. ^ Samoylovich, Alexander (1922). Nekotorye dopolneniya k klassifikatsii turetskikh yazykov Некоторые дополнения к классификации турецких языков [Some additions to the classification of Turkish languages] (in Russian). Petrograd: Rossiyskaya Gosudarstvennaya Akademicheskaya Tipografiya.
5. ^ Baskakov, N.A. "K voprosu o klassifikacii tyurkskikh yazykov" [On the matter of the question of the classification of the Turkic languages]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otedelenie Literatury I Yazyka (in Russian). 11 (2): 121–134.

## Literature

[edit]

* Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. The Turkic languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.

## External links

[edit]

* Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan

* v
* t
* e

Turkic languages

Reconstructed|

* Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic|

| Argu|

* Argu
* Khalaj

|

Karluk|

| Western|

* Northern Uzbek
* Southern Uzbek

|

Eastern|

* Ili Turki
* Uyghur
* Khoton
* Lop
* Äynu

Old|

* Chagatai
* Karakhanid
* Khorezmian

Kipchak|

| Bulgar|

* Bashkir
* Tatar
* Mishar Tatar
* Nagaibak
* Old Tatar

|

Cuman|

* Armeno-Kipchak
* Crimean Tatar
* Cuman
* Karachay-Balkar
* Karaim
* Krymchak
* Kumyk
* Mamluk-Kipchak
* Urum

Kyrgyz|

* Fergana Kipchak
* Kyrgyz
* Pamir Kyrgyz
* Siberian Tatar
* Baraba
* Tom
* Southern Altai
* Telengit
* Teleut

Nogai|

* Dobrujan Tatar
* Karakalpak
* Kazakh
* Nogai
* Siberian Tatar
* Tobol-Irtysh
* Uzbek Kipchak

Oghuz|

* Salar

| Eastern|

* Khorasani Turkic
* Turkmen
* Trukhmen

|

Southern|

* Afshari
* Chaharmahali Turkic
* Qashqai
* Sonqori

Western|

* Azerbaijani
* North Azerbaijani
* South Azerbaijani
* Ajem-Turkic
* Balkan Gagauz
* Gagauz
* Karapapakh
* Turkish
* Tsalka
* Karamanli Turkish
* Old Anatolian Turkish
* Ottoman Turkish

Siberian|

| Northern|

* Dolgan
* Yakut

|

Southern|

* Chulym
* Lower Chulym

| Sayan|

| Steppe|

* Tuvan

|

Taiga|

* Dukhan
* Soyot
* Tofa

Yenisei|

* Fuyu Kyrgyz
* Khakas
* Northern Altai
* Chelkan
* Kumandy
* Tuba
* Shor
* Western Yugur

Old|

* Old Uyghur
* Orkhon Turkic

Oghur|

* Bulgar
* Chuvash
* Onogur

Disputed classification|

* Khazar
* Pecheneg

Potentially Turkic languages|

* Di
* Pannonian Avar
* Tuoba

Creoles and pidgins|

* Hezhou
* Kurbet
* Qoqmončaq

* Italics indicate extinct languages
* Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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