Communism in Kerala

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Monument in Kerala backwaters, India. Part of a series on

Communism in India

People

* M. N. Roy
* M. P. T. Acharya
* Sahajanand Saraswati
* Shripad Amrit Dange
* Abani Mukherji
* Yashpal
* A. K. Gopalan
* B. T. Ranadive
* Nripen Chakraborty
* P. Krishna Pillai
* Puran Chand Joshi
* Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi
* Bhagat Singh
* Ajoy Ghosh
* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* S.K. Limaye
* Promode Dasgupta
* V. Subbiah
* Puchalapalli Sundarayya
* Kondapalli Seetharamaiah
* Saroj Dutta
* Jyoti Basu
* Bhupesh Gupta
* Hare Krishna Konar
* Dasarath Deb
* Harkishan Singh Surjeet
* T. Nagi Reddy
* Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri
* Charu Majumdar
* Indrajit Gupta
* E. K. Nayanar
* Shibdas Ghosh
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* Geeta Mukherjee
* Mohit Sen
* A. G. Noorani
* Biman Bose
* Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Vinod Mishra
* Manik Sarkar
* D. Raja
* Ganapathy
* Kobad Ghandy
* Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya
* Sitaram Yechury
* Anuradha Ghandy
* Mohammed Salim

History

Colonial period and partition

* Communism in the independence movement
* Conspiracy cases
* Peshawar
* Kanpur Bolshevik
* Meerut
* Kakori conspiracy
* Foundation of the CPI
* Tanka movement
* Quit India Movement
* Telangana Rebellion
* 1946 Naval Uprising
* Tebhaga movement
* Punnapra-Vayalar uprising

* * *

Post-independence and Cold War

* 2nd Congress of the CPI
* Goa liberation movement
* 1957 general election in Kerala
* Angamaly police firing
* Sino-Indian border dispute
* 1964 split in the CPI
* Historic Eight Documents
* Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
* Naxalbari uprising
* Timeline
* Left Front
* Tripura
* West Bengal
* Rajan case
* Operation Barga
* Left Democratic Front
* Indravelli massacre

* * *

Contemporary history

* Bara massacre
* Laxmanpur Bathe massacre
* Maoism in the Nandigram violence
* Salwa Judum
* 2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley

Ideologies

* Marxism–Leninism
* Maoism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Stalinism
* Marxist feminism
* Marxist humanism
* National communism
* Primitive communism
* Trotskyism

Principles

* Agrarian socialism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-imperialism
* Class conflict
* Land reform
* in Kerala
* Left-wing nationalism
* Left-wing populism
* People's war
* Proletarian internationalism
* Revolutionary socialism
* Welfare

Current organisations

* AIFB
* TUCC
* BPI
* CPI
* AISF
* AITUC
* AIYF
* BKMU
* NFIW
* CPI(M)
* AIDWA
* AIKS
* CITU
* DYFI
* SFI
* CPI (Maoist)
* KAMS
* PLGA
* RYL
* CPI(ML)L
* AIKM
* AISA
* CPIML ND
* MCPI(U)
* AICTU
* MFB
* MLPI (Red Flag)
* NSA
* RCPI
* RMPI
* RSP
* SUCI(C)
* UCPI

Defunct organisations

* AICP
* BLPI
* CIC
* CC
* Communist Marxist Party
* Communist Party of French India
* Comrades Association
* CPI (ML)
* HSRA
* ICS
* Lal Communist Party
* Lal Sena
* LKPH
* MCPI
* WPP

Media

* Deshabhimani
* Ganashakti
* LeftWord Books
* Nava Telangana
* People's Democracy
* Prajasakti
* Qaumi Jang
* Theekkathir
* Visalaandhra

Related topics

* Anarchism in India
* Communism in Kerala
* Communism in Nepal
* Communist movements in India
* Gandhian socialism
* Inquilab Zindabad
* Lal Salam
* List of communist parties in India
* Red corridor
* Socialism in India
* State of socialist orientation

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Communism

Concepts

* Anti-capitalism
* Class conflict
* Class consciousness
* Classless society
* Collective leadership
* Communist revolution
* Commune
* Communist society
* Critique of political economy
* Free association
* "From each according to his ability,
to each according to his needs"
* Market abolitionism
* Proletarian internationalism
* Labour movement
* Social revolution
* Stateless society
* Wage slavery
* Workers' self-management
* World revolution
* Dictatorship of the proletariat

Economics

* Planned economy
* Gift economy
* Common ownership
* Socialization (Marxism)
* Economic democracy
* Use value

Variants

* Anarchist
* Crypto
* Marxism
* Leninist
* Libertarian
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* Primitive
* Religious
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* World

History

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Organisations

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People

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Symbols

* Hammer and sickle
* Red flag (politics)
* Red star
* "The Internationale"
* "Workers of the world, unite!"

Criticism

* Anti-communism
* Communist propaganda
* Criticism of communist party rule
* Totalitarianism
* Criticism of Marxism

Related topics

* 21st-century communist theorists
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Marxism–Leninism

Concepts

* Administrative-command system
* Anti-imperialism
* Anti-revisionism
* Central planning
* Soviet-type
* Collective farming
* Collective leadership
* Commanding heights of the economy
* Democratic centralism
* Dialectical logic
* Dialectical materialism
* Foco
* Intensification of the class struggle
under socialism
* Labor aristocracy
* Marxist–Leninist atheism
* New Soviet man
* One-party state
* Partiinost'
* Popular front
* Proletarian internationalism
* Protracted people's war
* Self-criticism
* Social fascism
* Socialism in one country
* Socialist patriotism
* Soviet
* Yugoslav
* State
* socialist
* Soviet republic
* Totalitarianism
* Theory of the productive forces
* Third Period
* Vanguardism
* Wars of national liberation
* Unified power

Variants

* Browderism
* Camilism
* Fidelismo
* Guevarism
* Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Hoxhaism
* Husakism
* Juche
* Kádárism
* Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
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* Machelism
* Maoism
* Gonzalo Thought
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* Prachanda Path
* Sankarism
* Socialism with Chinese characteristics
* Stalinism
* Neo-
* Titoism

Politicians

* Lenin
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* Choibalsan
* Díaz
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* Gottwald
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* Gheorghiu-Dej
* Zachariadis
* Deng
* Gomułka
* Brezhnev
* Hoxha
* Namboodiripad
* Hall
* Giáp
* Zhivkov
* Bakdash
* Kim
* Kádár
* Honecker
* Husák
* Koliševski
* Qasim
* Taraki
* Ceaușescu
* Barre
* Adhikari
* Kaysone
* Neto
* Jaruzelski
* Aidit
* Mugabe
* Chin
* Pot
* Habash
* Castro
* Jiang (Zemin)
* Guevara
* Lara
* Garang
* Gorbachev
* Kérékou
* Machel
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* Bains
* Brar
* Wijeweera
* Bishop
* Zyuganov
* Ortega
* Cano
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* Sankara
* Xi
* Dahal

Intellectuals

* Marx
* Engels
* Lukács
* Roy
* Bukharin
* Dutt
* Haywood
* Chen
* Trường
* Bettelheim
* Dutta
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* Camilo
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* Andreyeva
* Sison
* Losurdo
* Newton
* Avakian
* Davis
* Trọng
* Ghandy
* Dean
* Jiang (Shigong)
* Li

Theoretical works

* Foundations of Leninism (1924)
* Dialectical and Historical Materialism (1938)
* The History of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (1938)
* Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (1951)
* A Critique of Soviet Economics (1960)
* Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism (1960)
* Guerrilla Warfare (1961)
* Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964)
* President Ho Chi Minh's Testament (1969)
* The Governance of China (2014)

History

* Soviet Union
* 1927–1953
* 1953–1964
* 1964–1982
* 1982–1991
* Great Break
* Collectivization in the Soviet Union
* Industrialization in the Soviet Union
* Great Purge
* Spanish Civil War
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By country

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Organizations

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Related topics

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The Indian state of Kerala has a strong presence of communist politics. Today, the two largest communist parties in Kerala politics are the CPIM and the CPI, which, together with other left-wing parties, form the ruling LDF alliance.

In addition to Kerala, the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura have had multiple democratically elected Marxist governments, with legislation being debated by regular multiparty electoral processes. The communism of Kerala has provided Indian communist stalwarts such as M. N. Govindan Nair, C. Achutha Menon, K. Damodaran, T. V. Thomas, N. E. Balaram, E. M. S. Namboodiripad, A. K. Gopalan, K. R. Gouri Amma, P. K. Vasudevan Nair and C. K. Chandrappan.

The communist-majority Left Democratic Front is one of the two major political coalitions in Kerala, alongside the United Democratic Front. The alliances have alternatively been in power for the last four decades until 2021, where the Left Democratic Front was re-elected as the ruling party for the first time. The coalition is led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and also comprises the Communist Party of India, the Janata Dal (Secular), the Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar), the Indian National League, the Kerala Congress (Anti-merger Group), and the Indian National Congress (Socialist).

## History

[edit]

### Formation of a socialist wing

[edit]

A tableau at a communist rally in Kerala, India, of a young farmer and worker.

From the 1920s to 1930s, peasants and workers became increasingly involved in the anti-colonial struggles in the Malabar district, Cochin Kingdom and Travancore Kingdom. These three regions would later constitute the Kerala state, along with some regions from South Kanara. The peasant and labour movements of the 1930s were, to a great extent, the cause as well as the consequence of the emergence of a powerful left wing in Indian politics. In 1934, the left anti-colonials joined and organised the Congress Socialist Party with C. K. Govindan Nair as Secretary within the Congress Party.

A powerful factor that helped the growth of the leftist movement was the support it received from the radical section of the anti-colonial native Muslims in Malabar. Leftist groups started functioning in several parts of Malabar. Soon, the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee (KPCC) was dominated by them.

By 1938 to 1939, the Malabar district, Cochin Kingdom and Travancore Kingdom were fully drawn into the anti-British struggle for self-rule as well as the struggle for responsible government in the Princely States. Leftists preferred to remain organisationally within the Congress, calling themselves socialists. Both left and right-wing groups joined forces in order to ensure the success of the Congress candidates in the 1936 Malabar district elections.

### Birth of the Communist Party of India in Kerala

[edit]

The rift between the major bloc of Indian National Congress and its socialist wing came into the open with the outbreak of World War II, the resignation of the provincial Congress ministers, and the beginning of individual satyagraha. The communists were expelled from the Congress Socialist Party in March 1940, after allegations that they had disrupted party activities and were intent on co-opting party organisations. Indeed, by the time the communists were expelled, they had gained control over the Congress Socialist Party units in what were to become the southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. The left-dominated Kerala Provincial Congress Committee, contrary to directive of the Congress, did not take action.

The left wing of Kerala met in a secret enclave at Parapram, Pinarayi, near Thalassery, and in December 1939, the CPI. In 1957, the CPI was elected to rule the state government of Kerala, only to have the government dismissed and president's rule declared in 1959 following the Vimochana Samaram. In 1964, in conjunction with the widening rift between China and the Soviet Union, a large leftist faction of the CPI leadership, based predominantly in Kerala and West Bengal, split from the party to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI (M). In Kerala, the CPI (M) — in coalition with other parties — wrested control from the Congress and its allies (frequently including the CPI) in 1967, in 1980, and in 1987. Support for the CPI (M) in Kerala in general elections has ranged from 19 percent to 26 percent, but the party has never won more than nine of Kerala's twenty seats in Parliament. But with the Left Democratic Front coalition, they won 19 seats out of 20 in 2004.

## Communism in practice

[edit]

A communist flag in Kanjirappally, Kerala.

The Communist Party in Kerala has functioned under the conditions of a liberal democracy, relying on success in multi-party elections to remain in power. CPI's 1957 constitution stated it would allow the existence of opposing parties after it had a parliamentary majority. Party leaders, like Namboodiripad, did not like the idea of using military force to remain in power because it would reflect poorly on the CPI as a whole on a global stage. This reliance on the people's opinions created a tolerant communist government, but it also made it more difficult to enact radical reforms. Therefore, the reforms of the CPI in Kerala were mainly moderately socialist.[1]

Le Monde described the CPI as "mix[ing] tropical communism with religion to appeal to the Hindu electorate".[2]

### Agrarian reform

[edit]

One of the major changes advocated by the CPI was the Agrarian Relations Bill, passed in 1961. The bill was intentionally moderate because those drafting it knew it would have to pass through many constitutional channels before it would be made into a law. Over 1,000 amendments were debated due to party divisions. Though the bill was moderate, it still changed the farming system. It abolished feudalism and aimed to create a capitalist agricultural system. The CPI did not push more radical Communist land reforms. Namboodiripad stated they would not attempt state ownership or collective farms because even though such ideas might appeal to intellectuals on a scientific basis, they would not actually help the peasantry in practice. The bill aimed to improve wages and working conditions as well as secure employment. Landlords were only allowed to work on their land if they paid compensation, which helped protect the tenants’ rights.[1]

The CPI has sponsored agricultural cooperatives with the goal of promoting solidarity rather than competition.[3]

### Administrative reform

[edit]

The CPI also wanted to reorganize its administrative structure. The administration was already undergoing changes after India gained independence and the local government in particular had new responsibilities. Rather than just tax collection, it had to focus more on development and welfare. In local government, the CPI promised less corruption, nepotism, political patronage, and inefficiency, which it planned to achieve through decentralization. Its main priority was building a socialist government. This required Congress's cooperation and the people's approval. In 1957 the party secretary, Govindan Nair, was concerned that the new government had still not improved the efficiency of the old administration. He used the newly created Administrative Reforms Committee to rectify this.[1]

The committee was responsible for reviewing the existing administration and recommending new methods for coordinating governing bodies. It distributed a questionnaire concerning administrative machinery to over a thousand people, both within the government and outside of it. The CPI was seeking consensual reform rather than a drastic upheaval or consolidation of its own power. It wanted the cooperation of each governing body, down to the village level, to create a more efficient and democratic government. At the local level, the government relied the panchayat, or village council, to report on development and welfare. The Block Advisory Committee was a step above the panchayat, which had advising responsibilities along with other independent powers. Overall, the changes the CPI made once it was in government can be characterized as "Congress-socialist style reforms". Though it was a communist party, like any democratically elected power, the CPI had to balance its loyalty to the people with its desire to expand and increase power.[1]

### Industrial reform

[edit]

As the CPI in Kerala was ultimately controlled by the federal government, its state plan depended on the funds it could raise independently. It struggled to industrialize and develop new manufacturing plants in Kerala throughout the 1960s while balancing out the disparities of industrialization. The CPI had Industries ministers who were responsible for industrial development. It also had an Industrial Development Cooperation that gave financial assistance to companies to help them startup new manufacturing projects. In the early 1970s, the CPI created two new corporations to help with industrial development: the Kerala Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organization and the Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation. These measures improved industry on a state level, but were less successful at the local level. To revitalize local industry, the CPI launched an ambitious Four-Year Plan, perhaps modeling itself after Stalin's Five-Year Plans which Namboodiripad considered an inspiration. The Four-Year Plan involved district-level conventions to excite potential entrepreneurs since the government wanted more private investors to spur industry. These entrepreneurs were trained to set up their own industries. The plan was hugely successful within the first 6 weeks and managed to set up eleven new industrial estates, but then lagged as the program continued.[1]

## See also

[edit]

* Socialism in India
* History of Kerala
* Communism
* List of communist parties in India

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Gould, Michael Austin (1965). Communism in Kerala. University of Chicago.
2. ^ "In India, Kerala's leaders mix tropical communism with religion to appeal to the Hindu electorate". Le Monde.fr. 3 January 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
3. ^ "Kerala's Communists Are Showing India a Path Out of Poverty". Jacobin. Retrieved 16 August 2023.

## External links

[edit]

* Communism in Kerala: a study in political adaptation
* Frontline
* Communism in Kerala
* In Defence of Rights of Minorities
* Foreign Policy and Security Issues

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Communism

Concepts|

* Anti-capitalism
* Class conflict
* Class consciousness
* Classless society
* Collective leadership
* Communist revolution
* Commune
* Communist society
* Critique of political economy
* Free association
* "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
* Market abolitionism
* Proletarian internationalism
* Labour movement
* Social revolution
* Stateless society
* Wage slavery
* Workers' self-management
* World revolution
* Dictatorship of the proletariat

Economics|

* Planned economy
* Gift economy
* Common ownership
* Socialization (Marxism)
* Economic democracy
* Use value

Variants|

* Anarchist
* Crypto
* Marxism
* Leninist
* Libertarian
* Pre-Marxist
* Utopian
* Primitive
* Religious
* Christian
* Catholic
* World

History|

* Communist League
* First International
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* Fourth International
* Fifth International

Organisations|

* Communist party
* list
* WPC
* WFTU
* WFDY
* IUS
* WIDF
* WFSW
* IOR

People|

* Mazdak
* More
* Meslier
* Babeuf
* Marx
* Engels
* Morris
* Kropotkin
* Malatesta
* Pannekoek
* Du Bois
* Lenin
* Luxemburg
* Kollontai
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* Makhno
* Bukharin
* Ho
* Gramsci
* Tito
* Togliatti
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By region|

* Brazil
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* Philippines
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Symbols|

* Hammer and sickle
* Red flag (politics)
* Red star
* "The Internationale"
* "Workers of the world, unite!"

Criticism|

* Anti-communism
* Communist propaganda
* Criticism of communist party rule
* Totalitarianism
* Criticism of Marxism

Related topics|

* 21st-century communist theorists
* Anti anti-communism
* Anti-communist mass killings
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* Internationalism
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* Old Left
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* Trade union
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* Worker cooperative

* Communism portal
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Marxism–Leninism

Concepts|

* Administrative-command system
* Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
* Anti-imperialism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-revisionism
* Central planning
* Soviet-type economic planning
* Commanding heights of the economy
* Developed socialism
* Dialectical logic
* Dialectical materialism
* Foco
* Labour aristocracy
* Marxist–Leninist atheism
* Partiinost'
* People's democracy
* People's democratic revolution
* Popular front
* Proletarian internationalism
* Self-criticism
* Social fascism
* Socialism in one country
* Socialist patriotism
* Soviet
* Theory of the productive forces
* Third Period
* Wars of national liberation

State forms|

* People's democratic state
* National democratic state
* Socialist state
* State of socialist orientation
* Socialist state of the whole people

Class system|

* Dictatorship of the proletariat
* People's democratic dictatorship

Political system|

| Party|

* Central committee
* General Secretary of the Communist Party
* Politburo
* Secretariat
* Vanguardism

|

State|

* Permanent organ of the supreme state organ of power
* Special committees of the supreme state organ of power
* Supreme executive and administrative organ
* Supreme state organ of power
* Leading role of the party
* Transmission belt
* Unified power
* Unified state apparatus

Hybrid|

* Civilian control of the military
* Collective leadership
* Cult of personality
* Democratic centralism

Variants|

* Cuban
* (Fidelismo
* Guevarism)
* Ho Chi Minh Thought
* Hoxhaism
* Husakism
* Juche
* (Songun
* Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
* Kimjongunism)
* Kadarism
* Khrushchevism
* Maoism
* (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Gonzalo Thought
* Naxalism
* Prachanda Path
* Mao-spontex
* Islamic Maoism
* Pantherism
* (Intercommunalism)
* New Synthesis
* Mulelism)
* Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
* National
* Pol Potism
* African
* (Sankarism
* Machelism
* Nkrumaism)
* Socialism with Chinese characteristics
* (Dengism
* Three Represents
* Scientific Outlook on Development
* Xi Jinping Thought)
* Stalinism
* (Neo-Stalinism)
* People's Multiparty Democracy
* American
* (Bill of Rights socialism
* Browderism
* Marcyism
* New Communism)
* Dubčekism
* Zachariadism
* Brezhnevism
* Taistoism
* Titoism
* (Đilasism
* Rankovićism)

People|

* Joseph Stalin
* Mao Zedong
* John Maclean
* James Connolly
* Ernst Thälmann
* Khorloogiin Choibalsan
* Ehmetjan Qasim
* José Díaz
* Maurice Thorez
* Palmiro Togliatti
* Dolores Ibárruri
* Harry Pollitt
* Rajani Palme Dutt
* Ho Chi Minh
* Võ Nguyên Giáp
* Earl Browder
* Nikita Khrushchev
* Walter Ulbricht
* Josip Broz Tito
* Mátyás Rákosi
* Lazar Kaganovich
* Georgi Dimitrov
* Bolesław Bierut
* Willie Gallacher
* Valko Chervenkov
* Klement Gottwald
* Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
* Enver Hoxha
* Kaysone Phomvihane
* Khalid Bakdash
* Leonid Brezhnev
* Deng Xiaoping
* Pol Pot
* Nikos Zachariadis
* Che Guevara
* Fidel Castro
* Agostinho Neto
* Mengistu Haile Mariam
* Kim Il Sung
* Chin Peng
* Sanzō Nosaka
* Nicolae Ceaușescu
* Gustáv Husák
* János Kádár
* Maurice Bishop
* Erich Honecker
* Władysław Gomułka
* Samora Machel
* Thomas Sankara
* Mathieu Kérékou
* Siad Barre
* Nur Muhammad Taraki
* Alfonso Cano
* Pushpa Kamal Dahal
* Rohana Wijeweera
* Abimael Guzmán
* Gus Hall
* Gennady Zyuganov
* Xi Jinping

Theoretical works|

* Foundations of Leninism
* Dialectical and Historical Materialism
* The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
* Britain's Road to Socialism
* Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
* A Critique of Soviet Economics
* Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
* Guerrilla Warfare

History|

* Soviet Union (1927–1953
* 1953–1964
* 1964–1982
* 1982–1991)
* Great Break
* Collectivization in the Soviet Union
* Industrialization in the Soviet Union
* Great Purge
* Spanish Civil War
* Great Patriotic War
* Greek Civil War
* Cold War
* Eastern Bloc
* Chinese Communist Revolution
* China (1949–1976
* 1976–1989
* 1989–2002
* 2002–present)
* Tito–Stalin split
* Korean War
* De-Stalinization
* Warsaw Pact
* Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
* Non-Aligned Movement
* Vietnam War
* Albanian–Soviet split
* Sino-Soviet split
* Hungarian Revolution of 1956
* Great Leap Forward
* Portuguese Colonial War
* Black Power movement
* Nicaraguan Revolution
* Cultural Revolution
* Prague Spring
* Naxalite insurgency
* New People's Army rebellion
* Maoist insurgency in Turkey
* Sino-Albanian split
* Internal conflict in Peru
* Nepalese Civil War
* Revolutions of 1989

By country|

* Afghanistan
* Albania
* Angola
* Benin
* Bulgaria
* Cambodia (Democratic Kampuchea
* People's Republic of Kampuchea)
* China
* Congo
* Cuba
* Czechoslovakia (Czechia
* Slovakia)
* East Germany
* Ethiopia
* Grenada
* Hungary
* Laos
* Mongolia
* Mozambique
* North Korea
* Poland
* Romania
* Somalia
* Soviet Union (Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Byelarus
* Estonia
* Georgia
* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* Russia
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Ukraine
* Uzbekistan)
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Croatia
* Macedonia
* Montenegro
* Serbia
* Slovenia)

Organizations|

* Albanian Party of Labour
* Comecon
* Comintern
* Chinese Communist Party
* Communist Party of Brazil
* Communist Party of Cuba
* Communist Party of India
* Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Communist Party of Kampuchea
* Communist Party of the Philippines
* Communist Party of the Russian Federation
* Communist Party of the Soviet Union
* Communist Party of Vietnam
* Communist Party of Malaya
* Indochinese Communist Party
* Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
* Lao People's Revolutionary Party
* Nepal Communist Party
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
* Sandinista National Liberation Front
* Shining Path (Militarized Communist Party of Peru)
* Workers' Party of Korea
* Portuguese Communist Party

Related topics|

* Bolshevism
* Leninism
* Trotskyism

See also|

* All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
* Anti-communism (Mass killings)
* Cold War
* Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes (Mass killings)
* Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule
* MAGA Communism
* Marxist schools of thought
* National Bolshevism
* Nazi-Maoism
* New class
* Post-Marxism–Leninism
* Red fascism
* Red Scare (Second)
* Second World
* State capitalism
* State socialism
* State ideology of China
* State ideology of the Soviet Union
* Third-Worldism
* Totalitarianism

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