Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan

Underground communist party in Afghanistan

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Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan

حزب کمونیست (مائوئیست) افغانستان

Abbreviation| CMPA
Founded| 2004 (2004)
Ideology|

* Communism
* Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
* Anti-imperialism[1]

Political position| Far-left
International affiliation| Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (defunct)
Party flag
Website
https://www.sholajawid.org/
https://cmpa.io/en/

* Politics of Afghanistan
* Political parties
* Elections

Part of a series on

Maoism

Concepts

* Agrarian socialism
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* Anti-revisionism
* Capitalist roader
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* Seek truth from facts
* Self-criticism
* Social imperialism
* Three Worlds Theory

Variants

* Maoism–Third Worldism
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* Narayan Sanyal
* Siraj Sikder
* Jose Maria Sison
* Wang Hongwen
* Yao Wenyuan
* Akram Yari
* Zhang Chunqiao

Theoretical works

* Report on an Investigation of the Peasant
Movement in Hunan (1927)
* On Contradiction (1937)
* On Practice (1937)
* On Guerrilla Warfare (1937)
* On Protracted War (1938)
* On the Ten Major Relationships (1956)
* On the Correct Handling of Contradictions
Among the People (1957)
* A Critique of Soviet Economics (1960)
* Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (1964)
* Historic Eight Documents (1965—1966)
* Bombard the Headquarters (1966)
* Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat (1983)

History

* Chinese Soviet Republic
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* Long March
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* Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries
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* Sino-Albanian split
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The Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan (Dari: حزب کمونیست (مائوئیست) افغانستان, Hizb-i Komunist (Ma'uist) Afğānistān), previously known as the Communist Party of Afghanistan, is an underground communist party in Afghanistan oriented around Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (MLM). The party was founded in 2004 through the merger of five other Maoist parties.[2] It was a member of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM).

During the U.S.-led occupation of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021, the party's stated goal was to start a people's war in order to expel foreign forces from Afghanistan, with the ultimate goal of establishing a New Democratic society and socialism in the country.[3][4] After the withdrawal of U.S.-led forces from Afghanistan and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban in mid-2021, the party changed its primary goal to overthrowing the Taliban's government.[5]

## History

[edit]

The first communist organization in Afghanistan, Progressive Youth Organization (PYO) was formed in 1965. There were daily demonstrations, and street fighting between students, workers, and social justice activists and police and armed forces of King Zahir Shah. These struggles led to the formation of the PYO. A few circles of intellectuals and political activists came together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. Akram Yari, a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles, who played a prominent role in the formation of PYO.[6]

PYO remained an underground organization. The PYO leaders published a magazine called Sholaye Jawid. Sholaye Jawid claimed to be a new-democratic journal, which was widely and openly circulated. After publishing 11 issues, Sholaye Jawid was seized by government and its publication banned. The government of the time used law enforcement and Islamic fundamentalists against Sholaye Jawid supporters. These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader Saydal Sokhandan, who was assassinated by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar on the Kabul University campus. Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan, who has been a key ally of the United States in the past.[citation needed]

When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) came to power in a military coup in 1978, the PDPA regime declared their number one enemy to be the PYO-led Maoist movement.[citation needed] All people belonging to the Maoist movement were arrested and killed indiscriminately. Thousands of Maoists and their allies were killed. The leaderless remnants of the Maoist movement formed several organizations to fight the PDPA regime and resist the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. During this period, some communist groups became more closely aligned with Islamic mujahideen groups of a type they had previously opposed.[citation needed]

The hardline Maoist organisations detached themselves from those who cooperated with the mujahideen, and in the late 1980s these groups formed the Revolutionary Communist Cell of Afghanistan (RCCA). The RCCA along with others formed the Revolutionary Communist Organization of Afghanistan (RCOA), which in 1991 proclaimed the establishment of the Communist Party of Afghanistan (CPA). The CPA renewed publication of Sholaye Jawid, stating their intent to follow in the footsteps of the PYO and its founder Akram Yari.

Following the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, the CPA called on the Maoist organizations to unite in a single, united Maoist party. For that purpose the CPA with four other Maoist organizations formed the Unity Committee of Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Movement of Afghanistan. The Unity Committee after three years of ideological and political struggle went for the Unity Congress of the Communist (MLM) Movement. The Unity Congress was concluded on 1 May 2004 and the Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan was formed.

The C(M)PA is a clandestine organization, yet as an unrecognized party[7] it has received attention and criticism as "an organization that is primarily made up of Hazaras and is biased in its thinking"[8]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Klassen, Jerome; Albo, Greg (10 January 2013). Empire's Ally: Canada and the War in Afghanistan. University of Toronto Press. p. 132\. ISBN 9781442664968.
2. ^ Sabry, Fouad (13 August 2024). Maoism: Revolutionary Legacy and Contemporary Impact. One Billion Knowledgeable. p. 15.
3. ^ "CPA Chairman on the Responsibilities of the Maoists". www.sholajawid.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
4. ^ Alikuzai, Hamid (19 January 2015). A Concise History of Afghanistan-Central Asia and India in 25 Volumes (9781490735948 ed.). p. 637.
5. ^ "Honor the Martyrs Day of Afghanistan's Maoist Movement". 28 November 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
6. ^ "Afghanistan Maoists Unite in a Single Party". A World to Win. Archived from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
7. ^ Johnson, Thomas H.; Adamec, Ludwig W. (2021). Historical dictionary of Afghanistan. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (5th ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 558\. ISBN 978-1-5381-4928-7.
8. ^ "アフガニスタンラディカル左翼ＬＲＡとの討議メモ、聞き取り Ver.3". www.ne.jp. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

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Political parties in Afghanistan

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|

* Taliban

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|

* Afghan Hezbollah
* Afghan Mellat Party
* Basej-e Milli
* Hezbe Wahdat
* People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
* National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
* Hezbi Islami
* Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
* Hezb-i Islami Khalis
* Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
* Jamiat-e Islami
* National Coalition of Afghanistan
* National Congress Party of Afghanistan
* National Front of Afghanistan
* National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
* National Movement of Afghanistan
* National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan
* National United Party of Afghanistan
* New Afghanistan Party
* Pashtoons Social Democratic Party
* Progressive Democratic Party of Afghanistan
* Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
* Truth and Justice
* National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
* Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
* National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan

Anti-establishment parties|

* Afghanistan Liberation Organization
* Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
* Watan Party of Afghanistan
* Marxist–Leninist Organization of Afghanistan

Defunct parties|

* Khuddamul Furqan
* Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan
* National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan
* People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Khalq and Parcham factions)
* Sazman-i Nasr
* Nasr Party
* Shola-e Javid
* Progressive Youth Organization
* Social Democratic Party of Afghanistan

* Portal:Politics
* Lists of political parties
* Politics of Afghanistan

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States

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