Communist Party of Spain

Political party in Spain

For other uses, see Communist Party of Spain (disambiguation).

Communist Party of Spain

Partido Comunista de España

Abbreviation| PCE
President| José Luis Centella[1]
General Secretary| Enrique Santiago
Honorary President| Dolores Ibárruri
(eternal title)[2]
Founded| 14 November 1921; 103 years ago (1921-11-14)
Merger of| Spanish Communist Party
Spanish Communist Workers' Party
Headquarters| C/Olimpo, 35
28043 Madrid
Newspaper| Mundo Obrero
Nuestra Bandera
Youth wing| Communist Youth Union of Spain (UJCE)
Women's wing| Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres (MDM)
Trade union| Workers' Commissions (CCOO)
Membership (2022)| 7,713[3]
Ideology|

* Communism[4]
* Marxism–Leninism (until 1978; since 2017)[5]
* Feminism[6]
* Republicanism[7]
* Internationalism[4]
* Federalism[8]

Political position| Far-left[9][10][11][12]
National affiliation| Popular Front (1936–1939)
United Left (1986–present)
European affiliation| Party of the European Left
International affiliation| IMCWP
IPA
Colours|  Red
Congress of Deputies|

5 / 350

Inside Sumar
Senate|

0 / 266

European Parliament|

0 / 61

Website
www.pce.es

* Politics of Spain
* Political parties
* Elections

The Communist Party of Spain (Spanish: Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is currently part of Sumar. Two of its politicians are Spanish government ministers: Yolanda Díaz (Minister of Labour and Social Economy) and Sira Rego (Minister of Youth and Children).

The PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because the social democrat wing did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Español) and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Obrero Español). The PCE was first legalized after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931. The republic was the first democratic regime in the history of Spain. The PCE gained much support in the months before the Spanish coup of July 1936, which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and it was a major force during the war as well. The Republicans lost, and Franco established a military dictatorship, under which the PCE was one of the most heavily repressed parties, with specific laws banning communist parties,[13] among others.

Under the dictatorship, the PCE was the main opposition to the Francoist dictatorship. In the early years of the dictatorship, many PCE members joined the Spanish Maquis, a group of guerrillas who fought against the regime. Years later, the Maquis' power declined, and the PCE abandoned the military strategy. Instead, it chose to interfere in the only legal syndicate (which was part of the Francoist apparatus), the Vertical Syndicate.

Franco died on 20 November 1975, and two days later, Juan Carlos I was crowned. Juan Carlos I would lead the Spanish transition to democracy, a time when the PCE became also extremely relevant, due to Franco's anti-communist legacy. Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez legalized the PCE on 9 April 1977, a decision which was particularly controversial, but ended peacefully. The PCE largely contributed to the restoration of democracy in Spain during the lead of Secretary-General Santiago Carrillo.[14]

Since 1986, it is part of the United Left coalition. In its statutes, the PCE defines its goals as "democratically participate in a revolutionary transformation of society and its political structures, overcoming the capitalist system and constructing socialism in the Spanish State, as a contribution to the transition to socialism worldwide, with our goals set in the realization of the emancipating ideal of communism".[15] It defines itself as revolutionary, internationalist, solidarity, republican, feminist, and secularist,[15] specifically, of the laïcité variety.

The youth organization of PCE is the Communist Youth Union of Spain. PCE publishes Mundo Obrero (Workers World) monthly.

## History

[edit]

### Establishment and pre-republican era

[edit]

Part of a series on the

Communist Party of Spain

History

* Spanish Communist Party
* Comintern
* Popular Front
* Spanish Civil War
* Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias
* Fifth Regiment
* Francoist Spain
* Eurocommunism
* Left Opposition
* Spanish transition to democracy
* Workers' Commissions
* United Left

Ideology

* Communism
* Marxism–Leninism
* Feminism
* Republicanism
* Internationalism
* Federalism
* Secularism
* Laïcité

Secretaries-General

* Antoni García (1921–1923)
* César Rodríguez (1923–1925)
* José Bullejos (1925–1932)
* José Díaz (1932–1942)
* Dolores Ibárruri (1942–1960)
* Santiago Carrillo (1960–1982)
* Gerardo Iglesias (1982–1988)
* Julio Anguita (1988–1998)
* Francisco Frutos (1998–2009)
* José Luis Centella (2009–2017)
* Enrique Santiago (2018–present)

Regional branches

* Andalusia
* Aragon
* Asturias
* Balearic Islands
* Basque Country/Navarre
* Canary Islands
* Cantabria
* Castile and León
* Castilla–La Mancha
* Catalonia
* Extremadura
* Galicia
* Madrid
* Murcia
* La Rioja
* Valencian Country

Affiliations

* Communist Youth Union of Spain
* IMCWP
* The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
* Movimiento Democrático de Mujeres
* Workers' Commissions

Media

* Euskadi Roja
* Mundo Obrero
* Nuestro Cinema
* Vanguardia

Related topics

* Sumar
* Unidas Podemos
* Women in the PCE

Communism portal
Politics of Spain

* v
* t
* e

The PCE was the result of a merger between two organizations: the original Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista Español or PCE) and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (Partido Comunista Obrero Español or PCOE). The former was created in April 1920 from portions of the Socialists' youth organization (Federación de Juventudes Socialistas or FJS) while the latter had been formed from a union of dissident Socialists (terceristas) and members of the General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores or UGT) who regarded the original PCE as not properly representative of the working class.[16]

The two parties joined in the new Partido Comunista de España on 14 November 1921. The unified PCE became a member of the Third International and held its first congress in Sevilla in March 1922. In May, Jules Humbert-Droz, the top Comintern official in Western Europe, arrived in Spain to supervise the still fractious party and would continue to do so until the establishment of the republic.[16]

By the end of 1922, the party had approximately 5,000 members.[17] The PCE's left-wing engaged in political violence, especially in Bilbao, largely directed against other leftists. A party leader's bodyguard shot and killed a Socialist in November 1922 and organized party militants attempted a general strike in August 1923 that ended in a shootout at the barricaded party headquarters, resulting in twenty communists dead or injured and another seventy arrested.[17]

With the advent of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera in September 1923, political parties, including the PCE, were repressed and rendered largely powerless though not dissolved. The party continued to publish its weekly newspaper La Antorcha until 1927. In November 1925, PCE leaders joined with Comintern officials and leaders of the Catalan-separatist Estat Català in endorsing a revolutionary program calling for the following:

* Abolition of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship and of the monarchy,
* Creation of a república federativa popular (federal popular republic),
* Recognition of independence for Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Morocco,
* Total freedom of association,
* Expropriation of large estates and distribution of land to peasants,
* Organization of workers' councils in industry,
* Formation of a central committee for revolution consisting of representatives from several parties as well as a military committee, and
* A planned insurrection in Madrid.[18]

However, Moscow urged a cautious approach, and the CNT and Basque nationalists were reluctant to cooperate with communists, so the plans were never carried out.[19] The PCE continued to suffer from repression and dissension. The party's second secretary general, José Bullejos, purged the party of politically suspect members, and was himself arrested in 1928. In 1930, the arguments over doctrine led the Catalan-Balearic Communist Federation (FCCB) to break from the party and associate with the International Right Opposition. Amid this infighting, Comintern official Dmitry Manuilsky reportedly stated that, while Spain had "an excellent proletariat", it had only "a few little groups, but not a communist party".[20]

Thus, the PCE was in a very debilitated state when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed in 1931. On 3 December 1933 the first PCE parliamentarian, Cayetano Bolívar Escribano, was elected. Bolívar was jailed at the time of elections and left imprisonment to occupy his post in the parliament.

### Popular Front and Civil War

[edit]

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|

Civil War poster: "Workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals: Reinforce the ranks of the Communist Party by Josep Renau

PCE was a small party during the initial years of the Republic, until it began to grow due to the victory of the Popular Front (of which the Communists had been a constituent part) in February 1936 and the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in July of that year. The PCE, directed by José Díaz and Dolores Ibárruri (known popularly as La Pasionaria), worked consistently for the victory of the Republican forces and the Popular Front government, but was wary of the social revolution that was being waged by Spanish workers.

The PCE leadership judged that while progressive laws could be passed, an attempt at a full-scale socialist revolution would needlessly divide the forces of the Republic. It would cause massive conflict behind republican lines, thus diverting military forces from the battle against Franco and driving many democratic republicans who were prepared to fight against the rebels into the arms of the rebels.

Being a well-knit and highly disciplined organization, the PCE could in spite of its numerical weakness play an important part in the war. In the first five months of the war, PCE grew from 30,000 members to 100,000. It also founded a Spanish branch of the International Red Aid, which assisted the Republican cause considerably.

In 1936, due to the special political situation in Catalonia, Partit Comunista de Catalunya (the Catalan branch of PCE) was separated from the party to fuse with other socialists to form Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya. Since then the PCE does not have an organization in Catalonia, but relies on a regional referent party. This set-up has been imitated by many of the communist splinter groups in Spain.

The PCE clashed with anarchists in Barcelona during the May Days of 1937.

### Resistance and reorientation

[edit]

Santiago Carrillo in 1963 during the 6th party convention of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.

After the Republican defeat in April 1939, the PCE was persecuted by the Nationales of caudillo Francisco Franco (1939–1975), although maintained the best organization among the opposition parties inside Spain. During the initial years of the Francoist State, PCE organized guerrilla struggles in some parts of the country.

A large part of the party membership was forced into exile. Some PCE members went to the Soviet Union and fought as volunteers for the Red Army during the Second World War, such as General Enrique Líster. A large section of PCE members were based in France, where a major party organization was set up, although the French government forced them to leave in 1950 during the rising ideological tension of the Cold War.[21] During the latter half of the Franco years, PCE changed its strategy and started organizing Workers' Commissions (CC.OO.) within the official trade union apparatus. CC.OO. and PCE gained strength and became the backbone of the opposition forces in the country.

Dolores Ibárruri, "La Pasionaria", a dedicated follower of consequent Comintern policies, replaced Jose Diaz as General Secretary in 1944, and held the position until 1960. Santiago Carrillo was General Secretary from 1960 to 1982. In 1963, after the Communist Party of Spain abandoned the armed struggle, hard-line Communists, led by Julio Álvarez del Vayo, founded the Spanish National Liberation Front (FELN), a small splinter group.[22]

Carrillo put the party on a eurocommunist course, distancing it from its Leninist origins. Carrillo accepted concessions to the "bourgeoisie", accepting the restoration of a liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy. This was regarded by many Party members as treason, for these concessions were made to classes the Party's doctrine called "exploiters".

Communists played a fundamental role in the 1962 miners' strike, the first large-scale social movement since the end of the civil war, by putting their informal networks at its service, but also by involving their exiled activists to organize international solidarity. At the peak of the mobilization, more than 60,000 workers stopped work. A first breach in the edifice of Franco's dictatorship, which had ruled the country for more than twenty years.

### Transition to democracy

[edit]

Party celebration in the Casa de Campo of Madrid.

The Party was legalized after the January 1977 Atocha massacre, on 9 April 1977, as one of the last steps in the Spanish transition to democracy. Only weeks after the legalization, PCE had over 200,000 card-holding members.[citation needed] But the concessions made by Carrillo (labelled "revisionist" by his orthodox communist opponents) and the social democratization of the party under his leadership provoked dissent amongst party ranks. Several party members left the party. Enrique Líster broke away in 1973 and formed the Partido Comunista Obrero Español. Other more radical left-wing groups that broke away were Partido Comunista de los Trabajadores (formed by the Left Opposition of PCE in 1977) and PCE (VIII-IX Congresos) (formed in 1971).

In the first elections after the transition in 1977, the PCE obtained 9% of the votes, and in 1979 it increased its vote share to 11%. By this time, however, the party had become increasingly divided into three currents.[23] Carrillo's supporters were squeezed between, on the one hand, pro-Soviet communists who had remained within the party and felt his Eurocommunist course took the party too far on a social democratic path and, on the other hand, "renovators" who advocated for democratizing the party and opening it up towards more collaboration with other groups on the left. In the midst of successive waves of expulsions of members who belonged to the minority currents, the PCE suffered an electoral defeat in 1982, getting just 4% of the vote.

### Divisions in the party, collaboration with other groups in the United Left

[edit]

After the 1982 elections, Carrillo was removed as general secretary, and the new party leader Gerardo Iglesias pursued a strategy of leftist convergence and collaboration with non-communist parties and social movements. Over the objections of Carrillo, who was expelled in 1985 and went on to found a new party and warn that supporting IU was tantamount to "burying communism",[24] the PCE developed the "United Left" alliance Izquierda Unida (IU). This broad coalition initially encompassed parties ranging from the pro-Soviet PCPE to the socialist PASOC, the Progressive Federation, and the Carlist Party.[25]

Despite its role in the anti-NATO protests of 1986, IU fared weakly in the 1986 elections, and by 1988, the Communist Party elected Julio Anguita as new General Secretary, which he remained until 1998. Under Anguita, the party took a turn towards the left and fundamental opposition to both PSOE and PP, and many of the members who had previously been expelled for pro-Soviet views returned to the party. By 1991, the party had 70,000 members, and IU rebounded in the 1989 elections, winning 9.1% of the vote that year and slightly increasing it to 9.6% in 1993 and 10.5% in 1996.

Notably, PSUC, the Catalan referent of PCE, did not reverse its eurocommunist course in the late 1980s, as the PCE had done, and gradually, PSUC and PCE grew apart. Finally, PSUC decided to dissolve itself into Iniciativa per Catalunya, and cease to function as a communist party. This provoked a 45% minority to break away and form PSUC viu (Living PSUC). Since 1998, PSUC viu (United and Alternative Left) is the referent of PCE in Catalonia.

Paco Frutos in 2005

In 2008 the party was referred to as left-wing by various academic political writers.[26][27] After the 2008 election, Llamazares resigned as IU coordinator, and later that year, PCE politician Cayo Lara was elected to replace him on the platform "For an anti-capitalist, republican, federal, and alternative United Left". IU shifted back towards a more confrontational attitude towards the PSOE, and José Luis Centella succeeded Frutos as PCE general secretary the next year. For the 2015 elections, IU joined up with further partners in the Popular Unity (UP) alliance, led by PCE politician Alberto Garzón. It received 4% of the vote, and was eclipsed by the new left-wing party Podemos. UP subsequently joined with Podemos in the Unidos Podemos alliance, which received 21% of the vote in the 2016 election. The PCE, meanwhile, moved in its XX Congress in 2017 to explicitly embrace Marxism–Leninism again, marking a break with the previous forty years.[5]

## List of secretaries-general

[edit]

Year  | Name  | Time in office

|
|

1921  | Antonio García Quejido | 1921–1923
1923  | César Rodríguez González | 1923–1925
1925  | José Bullejos | 1925–1932
1932  | José Díaz | 1932–1942
1942  | Dolores Ibárruri | 1942–1960
1960  | Santiago Carrillo | 1960–1982
1982  | Gerardo Iglesias | 1982–1988
1988  | Julio Anguita | 1988–1998
1998  | Francisco Frutos | 1998–2009
2009  | José Luis Centella | 2009–2017
2017  | Vacant (Provisional Committee)  | 2017–2018
2018  | Enrique Santiago | 2018–present

## Federations of the PCE

[edit]

The PCE consists of 15 federations:

* Communist Party of Andalusia
* Communist Party of Aragon
* Communist Party of Asturias
* Communist Party of the Balearic Islands
* Communist Party of the Canaries
* Communist Party of Cantabria
* Communist Party of Castile-La Mancha
* Communist Party of Castile-León
* Communist Party of the Basque Country
* Communist Party of Extremadura
* Communist Party of Galicia
* Communist Party of Madrid
* Communist Party of the Region of Murcia
* Communist Party of La Rioja
* Communist Party of the Valencian Country

PSUC viu participates in PCE congresses, etc., as a PCE federation.

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### Second Spanish Republic

[edit]

Cortes republicanas

Election  | Leading candidate  | Coalition  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Government
1931 | José Bullejos | None | 0.8 (#21)  |

0 / 470

| New | Opposition
1933 | José Díaz Ramos | None | 1.9 (#14)  |

1 / 472

| 1  | Opposition
1936 | Popular Front | 2.5 (#13)  |

17 / 473

| 16  | Confidence and supply (1936)
Coalition (1936–1938)

### Cortes Generales

[edit]

Cortes Generales

Election  | Leading candidate  | Congress  | Senate  | Gov.
Votes  | %  | Seats  | Votes  | %  | Seats
1977 | Santiago Carrillo | 1,709,890  | 9.3 (#3)  |

20 / 350

| 1,014,272  | 2.0 (#10)  |

0 / 207

1979 | 1,938,487  | 10.8 (#3)  |

23 / 350

| 4,407,905  | 8.8 (#3)  |

0 / 208

1982 | 865,272  | 4.1 (#4)  |

4 / 350

| 2,687,352  | 4.6 (#4)  |

0 / 208

1986 | Gerardo Iglesias | Within IU |

4 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

1989 | Julio Anguita | Within IU |

13 / 350

| Within IU |

1 / 208

1993 | Within IU |

13 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

1996 | Within IU |

14 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

2000 | Francisco Frutos | Within IU |

8 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

2004 | Gaspar Llamazares | Within IU |

3 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

| Y[a]
2008 | Within IU |

1 / 350

| Within IU |

0 / 208

2011 | Cayo Lara | Within IU–LV |

5 / 350

| Within IU–LV |

0 / 208

2015 | Alberto Garzón | Within IU–UPeC |

1 / 350

| Within IU–UPeC |

0 / 208

| —
2016 | Pablo Iglesias | Within Unidos Podemos |

5 / 350

| Within Unidos Podemos |

1 / 208

| [b]
Y[c]
Apr. 2019 | Within Unidas Podemos |

4 / 350

| Within Unidas Podemos |

0 / 208

| —
Nov. 2019 | Within Unidas Podemos |

5 / 350

| Within Unidas Podemos |

0 / 208

2023 | Yolanda Díaz | Within Sumar |

5 / 350

| Within Sumar |

0 / 208

### European Parliament

[edit]

European Parliament

Election  | Leading candidate  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | EP Group
1987 | Fernando Pérez Royo | Within IU |

1 / 60

| COM
1989 | Within IU |

2 / 60

| EUL
1994 | Alonso Puerta | Within IU |

7 / 64

| EUL
1999 | Within IU–EUiA |

3 / 64

| GUE/NGL
2004 | Willy Meyer | Within IU–ICV–EUiA |

1 / 54

2009 | Within IU |

1 / 54

2014 | Within IP |

3 / 54

2019 | María Eugenia Rodríguez Palop | Within Unidas Podemos |

2 / 59

2024 | Estrella Galán | Within Sumar |

0 / 61

| —

## See also

[edit]

* Valentín González
* Juan Modesto
* Jorge Semprún
* Marcelino Camacho
* Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias (MAOC)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Confidence and supply.
2. ^ 2016–2018.
3. ^ Confidence and supply (2018–2019).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Enrique Santiago, elegido nuevo secretario general del PCE". ElDiario.es (in Spanish). 8 April 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
2. ^ "El Referente". elreferente.es. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
3. ^ "La militancia del PCE se reduce a 7.713 afiliados a las puertas del XXI Congreso". 6 June 2022.
4. ^ a b Alba, Victor (1983). The Communist Party in Spain. Transaction Books. ISBN 9780878554645.
5. ^ a b "El PCE recupera el leninismo al cumplirse el centenario de la Revolución de Octubre". cuartopoder. 3 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
6. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). pce.es. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^ "Spanish communists demonstrate for a third republic on 90th anniversary of the second". morningstaronline.co.uk. Morning Star. April 2021.
8. ^ "Julio Anguita llama a la refundación de Izquierda Unida". El País (in Spanish). El Pais. 22 April 2008.
9. ^ Teruel, Juan (2018). "From stability to change? The evolution of the party system in Spain". Academia. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
10. ^ Fischer, Ivan (13 May 2021). "Spain's delivers employee status to food delivery riders". Brussels Morning. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
11. ^ Gray, Caroline (21 May 2020). Territorial Politics and the Party System in Spain: Continuity and change since the financial crisis. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781000062588.
12. ^ Lisi, Marco, ed. (6 August 2018). Party System Change, the European Crisis and the State of Democracy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781351377645.
13. ^ Ley de 1 de marzo de 1940, sobre represión de la masonería y del comunismo (PDF) (Articles 1 and 2) (in Spanish). 1 March 1940. p. 1. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
14. ^ "Santiago Carrillo, el alma de la transición española" (in Spanish). ABC. 18 September 2012.
15. ^ a b Estatutos del Partido Comunista de España (PDF) (in Spanish), Communist Party of Spain, 30 January 2014, p. 1, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2017, retrieved 16 January 2018
16. ^ a b S.G. Payne,The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004; pg. 12.
17. ^ a b Payne,The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism, pg. 15.
18. ^ Payne,The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism, pp. 18–19.
19. ^ Payne,The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism, pg. 19.
20. ^ Payne,The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism, pp. 20–21.
21. ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1987). The Franco regime, 1936-1975. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 397\. ISBN 978-0-299-11070-3.
22. ^ Biografias y Vidas – Julio Álvarez del Vayo Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
23. ^ Smith, Angel (2017). Historical Dictionary of Spain. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 142\. ISBN 978-0-81085-849-7. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
24. ^ García, Rocío (June 1986). "Apoyar a IU supone enterrar el comunismo, declara Carrillo". EL PAÍS. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
25. ^ Gillespie, Richard (1986). "Izquierda Unida: The first test". Journal of Communist Studies. 2 (4): 441–444\. doi:10.1080/13523278608414840.441-444&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/13523278608414840&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Communist+Party+of+Spain" class="Z3988">
26. ^ Schofield, Norman J. (2008). Political Economy of Democracy and Tyranny. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 215\. ISBN 9783486588262. OCLC 440296586.
27. ^ Colomer, Joseph M. (2008). Comparative European Politics. Routledge. p. 184\. ISBN 9781134073542. OCLC 246186751.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Tim Rees, "The Highpoint of Comintern Influence? The Communist Party and the Civil War in Spain," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe (eds.), International Communism and the Communist International, 1919–43. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in Spanish)

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Spain

Congress of Deputies (350)|

* People's Party (137)
* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (120)
* Vox (33)
* Sumar (27)
* Sumar (10)
* Comuns (6)
* United Left (5)
* Coalició Compromís (2)
* Más Madrid (2)
* Chunta Aragonesista (1)
* Més per Mallorca (1)
* Republican Left of Catalonia (7)
* Together for Catalonia (7)
* EH Bildu (6)
* Basque Nationalist Party (5)
* Podemos (4)
* Navarrese People's Union (1)
* Canarian Coalition (1)
* Galician Nationalist Bloc (1)
* Independent (José Luis Ábalos, 1)

Senate (266)|

* People's Party (144)
* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (91)
* Republican Left of Catalonia (6)
* EH Bildu (5)
* Basque Nationalist Party (5)
* Together for Catalonia (3)
* Vox (3)
* Galician Nationalist Bloc (1)
* Independent Herrenian Group (1)
* Gomera Socialist Group (1)
* Canarian Coalition (1)
* Coalició Compromís (1)
* Eivissa i Formentera al Senat (1)
* Geroa Bai (1)
* Más Madrid (1)
* Navarrese People's Union (1)

Other parties in regional parliaments|

* Andalusia
* Adelante Andalucía
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* Teruel Existe
* Aragonese Party
* Asturias
* Asturias Forum
* Balearic Islands
* Més per Menorca
* Sa Unió de Formentera
* Canary Islands
* New Canaries
* Cantabria
* Regionalist Party of Cantabria
* Castile and León
* Soria ¡Ya!
* Leonese People's Union
* For Ávila
* Catalonia
* Popular Unity Candidacy
* Catalan Alliance
* Galicia
* Ourensan Democracy
* Ceuta
* Movement for Dignity and Citizenship
* Ceuta Ya!
* Melilla
* Coalición por Melilla
* Somos Melilla

European Parliament (61 of 720)|

* People's Party (22)
* Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (20)
* Vox (6)
* Ahora Repúblicas (3)
* Republican Left of Catalonia (1)
* EH Bildu (1)
* Galician Nationalist Bloc (1)
* Sumar (3)
* Sumar (1)
* Comuns (1)
* Coalició Compromís (1)
* Se Acabó La Fiesta (3)
* Podemos (2)
* Together and Free for Europe (1)
* Coalition for a Solidary Europe (1)
* Basque Nationalist Party (1)

* Cortes Generales
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Party of the European Left

European Parliament group: The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL

Parties|

| Member parties|

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* PCP
* PSR
* SU
* Levica
* IU
* PCE
* EUiA
* PdA/PST-POP/PSL
* SOL
* Left Unity

|

Observer parties|

* MD
* AKEL/ΑΚΕΛ
* KSČM
* SI
* YKP
* BKP
* KSS
* Sortu

Partner parties|

* Der Wandel
* Ensemble!
* République et socialisme
* Marxist Left
* Táncsics
* Democratic Left Scotland

Former members|

* KP
* PCB
* Enhedslisten
* SYN/ΣΥΝ
* Munkáspárt
* RCS
* PG
* FI
* B.E.

Party presidents|

* Fausto Bertinotti
* Lothar Bisky
* Pierre Laurent
* Gregor Gysi

European Parliament
Group presidents|

* Giorgio Amendola
* Guido Fanti
* Gianni Cervetti
* René-Émile Piquet
* Alekos Alavanos
* Joaquim Miranda
* Luigi Alberto Colajanni
* Alonso Puerta
* Francis Wurtz
* Lothar Bisky
* Gabi Zimmer
* Manon Aubry
* Martin Schirdewan

Other prominent figures|

* Gesine Lötzsch
* Klaus Ernst

See also|

* European Parliament
* Elections to the European Parliament
* List of communist parties represented in European Parliament
* List of left and far-left parties in Europe

European political foundation: Transform Europe

* v
* t
* e

Communist Party of Spain

Secretaries-General|

* Antonio García (1921–1923)
* César Rodríguez (1923–1925)
* José Bullejos (1925–1932)
* José Díaz (1932–1942)
* Dolores Ibárruri (1942–1960)
* Santiago Carrillo (1960–1982)
* Gerardo Iglesias (1982–1988)
* Julio Anguita (1988–1998)
* Francisco Frutos (1998–2009)
* José Luis Centella (2009–2017)
* Enrique Santiago (2018–present)

Organization|

| Regional branches|

* Andalusia
* Aragon
* Asturias
* Balearic Islands
* Basque Country/Navarre
* Canary Islands
* Cantabria
* Castile and León
* Castilla–La Mancha
* Catalonia
* Extremadura
* Galicia
* Madrid
* Murcia
* La Rioja
* Valencian Country

|

Affiliated organisations|

* Communist Youth Union of Spain
* Mundo Obrero

Assemblies|

* 1st (1922)
* 2nd (1923)
* 3rd (1929)
* 4th (1932)
* 5th (1954)
* 6th (1959–60)
* 7th (1965)
* 8th (1972)
* 9th (1978)
* 10th (1981)
* 11th (1983)
* 12th (1988)
* 13th (1991)
* 14th (1995)
* 15th (1998)
* 16th (2002)
* 17th (2005)
* 18th (2009)
* 19th (2013)
* 20th (2017)
* 21st (2022)

* v
* t
* e

Communism

Concepts|

* Anti-capitalism
* Class conflict
* Class consciousness
* Classless society
* Collective leadership
* Communist party
* Communist revolution
* Communist state
* Commune
* Communist society
* Critique of political economy
* Free association
* "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
* Market abolitionism
* Proletarian internationalism
* Labour movement
* Social revolution
* Stateless society
* Wage slavery
* Workers' self-management
* World communism
* World revolution
* Dictatorship of the proletariat

Economics|

* Planned economy
* Gift economy
* Common ownership
* Socialization (Marxism)
* Economic democracy
* Use value

Variants|

* Anarchist
* Marxism
* Leninist
* Libertarian
* Pre-Marxist
* Utopian
* Primitive
* Religious
* Christian

History|

* Communist League
* First International
* Second International
* Third International
* Fourth International

Organisations|

* Communist Parties
* WPC
* WFTU
* WFDY
* IUS
* WIDF
* WFSW
* IOR

People|

* Mazdak
* More
* Meslier
* Babeuf
* Marx
* Engels
* Morris
* Kropotkin
* Malatesta
* Pannekoek
* Du Bois
* Lenin
* Luxemburg
* Kollontai
* Stalin
* Trotsky
* Lukács
* Thälmann
* Makhno
* Bukharin
* Ho
* Gramsci
* Tito
* Togliatti
* Benjamin
* Khrushchev
* Mao
* Pot
* Zhou
* James
* Padmore
* Sartre
* Hoxha
* Beauvoir
* Nkrumah
* Kim
* Hobsbawm
* Althusser
* Freire
* Pasolini
* Mandel
* Aidit
* Raja
* Fanon
* Castro
* Berger
* Guevara
* Guattari
* Debord
* Amin
* Berlinguer
* Negri
* Guzmán
* Badiou
* Sison
* Newton
* Ali
* Davis
* Holloway
* Hampton
* Žižek
* Sankara
* Öcalan
* Gordillo
* Gilmore
* Marcos
* Hardt
* Dean
* Graeber
* Lordon
* Kelley
* Fisher
* Prashad
* Hatherley
* Moufawad-Paul
* Saito

By region|

* Brazil
* Britain
* Cambodia
* Colombia
* France
* India
* Kerala
* Korea
* Nepal
* Peru
* Philippines
* Poland
* Soviet Union
* Sumatra
* Vietnam

Symbols|

* Hammer and sickle
* Red flag (politics)
* Red star
* "The Internationale"
* "Workers of the world, unite!"

Criticism|

* Anti-communism
* Communist propaganda
* Criticism of communist party rule
* Criticism of Marxism

Related topics|

* 21st-century communist theorists
* Anti anti-communism
* Anti-communist mass killings
* Anti-fascism
* Communitarianism
* Crimes against humanity
* Genocide
* Mass killings under communist regimes
* Internationalism
* Intentional community
* Left-wing politics
* Old Left
* New Left
* LGBTQ rights
* Marx's theory of alienation
* National communism
* Romania
* Red Scare
* Revolutionary socialism
* Socialist economics
* Socialist mode of production
* Trade union
* War communism
* Worker cooperative

* Communism portal
* Socialism portal

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Israel
* Catalonia

Other|

* IdRef

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