Comparative officer ranks of World War II

For more detailed rank information, see relevant national rank pages.

The following table shows comparative officer ranks of World War II, with the ranks of Allied powers, the major Axis powers and various other countries and co-belligerents during World War II.

## Table

[edit]

The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

British Army[1] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Field marshal | General | Lieutenant-general | Major-general | Brigadier[a] | Colonel | Lieutenant-colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant
Royal Air Force[2] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marshal of the RAF | Air chief marshal | Air marshal | Air vice-marshal | Air commodore | Group captain | Wing commander | Squadron leader | Flight lieutenant | Flying officer | Pilot officer/
Acting pilot officer
Royal Navy[3] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Admiral of the Fleet | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | Commodore[a] | Captain | Commander | Lieutenant commander | Lieutenant | Sub lieutenant | Midshipman
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Belgian Army & Military Aviation[4] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Luitenant-generaal | Generaal-majoor | Kolonel | Luitenant-kolonel | Majoor | Kapitein-commandant | Kapitein | Luitenant | Onderluitenant
Belgian Naval Corps[5] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kolonel | Luitenant-kolonel | Majoor | Kapitein-commandant | Kapitein | Luitenant | Onder­luitenant
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Bulgarian Army & Air Force[6][7] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Генерал-полковник
General-pukovnik | Генерал-лейтенант
General-leytenant | Генерал-майор
General-mayor | Полковник
Polkovnik | Подполковник
Podpolkovnik | Майор
Mayor | Капитан
Kapitan | Старши лейтенант
Starshi leytenant | Лейтенант
Leytenant | Офицерски кандидатъ
Ofitserski kandidat
Royal Bulgarian Navy[8] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Адмирал
Admiral | Вицеадмирал
Vitse­admiral | Контраадмирал
Kontra­admiral | Капитан I ранг
Kapitan I rang | Капитан II ранг
Kapitan II rang | Капитан III ранг
Kapitan III rang | Лейтенант
Leytenant | Мичман I ранг
Michman I rang | Мичман II ранг
Michman II rang | Офицерски кандидатъ
Ofitserski kandidat
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Republic of China National Army[9][10] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
特級上將
Teji shangjiang | 一級上將
Yījí shàngjiàng | 二級上將
Èrjí shàngjiàng | 中將
Zhōngjiàng | 少將
Shàojiàng | 上校
Shàngxiào | 中校
Zhōngxiào | 少校
Shàoxiào | 上尉
Shàngwèi | 中尉
Zhōngwèi | 少尉
Shàowèi | 准尉
Zhunwei
Republic of China Air Force[9][11] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Zhōngjiàng | 少將
Shàojiàng | 上校
Shàngxiào | 中校
Zhōngxiào | 少校
Shàoxiào | 上尉
Shàngwèi | 中尉
Zhōngwèi | 少尉
Shàowèi
Republic of China Navy[12][13] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
一級上將
Yījí shàngjiàng | 二級上將
Èrjí shàngjiàng | 中將
Zhōngjiàng | 少將
Shàojiàng | 代將
Dàijiàng | 上校
Shàngxiào | 中校
Zhōngxiào | 少校
Shàoxiào | 上尉
Shàngwèi | 中尉
Zhōngwèi | 少尉
Shàowèi
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Czechoslovak Army[14] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Armádní generál | Divisní generál | Brigádní generál | Plukovník | Podplukovník | Major | Štábní kapitán | Kapitán | Nadporučík | Poručík | Podporučík
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Danish Army[15] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General | General­løjtnant | General­major | Oberst | Oberst­løjtnant | Kaptajn | Kaptajn­løjtnant | Premier­løjtnant | Løjtnant | Sekond­løjtnant
Royal Danish Navy[15] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Admiral | Vice­admiral | Kontre­admiral | Kommandør | Kommandør­kaptajn | Orlogs­kaptajn | Kaptajn­løjtnant | Søløjtnant I | Løjtnant | Søløjtnant II
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Finnish Army & Air Force[16] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sotamarsalkka
Fältmarskalk | Kenraali
General | Kenraaliluutnantti
Generallöjtnant | Kenraalimajuri
Generalmajor | Eversti
Överste | Everstiluutnantti
Överstelöjtnant | Majuri
Major | Kapteeni
Kapten | Luutnantti
Löjtnant | Vänrikki
Fänrik
Finnish Navy[16] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amiraali
Amiral | Vara-amiraali
Viceamiral | Kontra-amiraali
Konteramiral | Kommodori
Kommodor | Komentaja
Kommendör | Komentajakapteeni
Kommendörkapten | Kapteeniluutnantti
Kaptenlöjtnant | Luutnantti
Löjtnant | Aliluutnantti
Underlöjtnant
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
French Army[17] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maréchal de France | Général d'armée | Général de corps d'armée | Général de division | Général de brigade | Colonel | Lieutenant-colonel | Commandant | Capitaine | Lieutenant | Sous-lieutenant
French Air Force[17] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Général d'armée aérienne | Général de corps aérien | Général de division aérienne | Général de brigade aérienne | Colonel | Lieutenant-colonel | Commandant | Capitaine | Lieutenant | Sous-lieutenant
French Navy[18] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amiral de France | Amiral de la Flotte[19] | Amiral | Vice-amiral d'escadre | Vice-amiral | Contre-amiral | Capitaine de vaisseau | Capitaine de frégate | Capitaine de corvette | Lieutenant de vaisseau | Enseigne de vaisseau de 1re classe | Enseigne de vaisseau de 2e classe
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Imperial German Army & Luftwaffe[20] |
Reichsmarschall |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General­feldmarschall | General­oberst | General der Waffengattung | General­leutnant | General­major | Oberst | Oberst­leutnant | Major | Haupt­mann | Ober­leutnant | Leutnant
Imperial German Navy[21] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Groß­admiral | General­admiral | Admiral | Vize­admiral | Konter­admiral | Kommodore | Kapitän zur See | Fregatten­kapitän | Korvetten­kapitän | Kapitän­leutnant | Ober­leutnant zur See | Leutnant zur See
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Hellenic Army[22] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Στρατάρχης
Stratarches | Στρατηγός
Stratigos | Ἀντιστράτηγος
Antistratigos | Ὑποστράτηγος
Ypostratigos | Συνταγματάρχης
Syntagmatarchis | Ἀντισυνταγματάρχης
Antisyntagmatarchis | Ταγματάρχης
Tagmatarchis | Λοχαγός
Lochagos | Ὑπολοχαγός
Ypolochagos | Ἀνθυπολοχαγός
Anthypolochagos
Royal Hellenic Air Force[23] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ἀρχιπτέραρχος
Archiptérarchos | Πτέραρχος
Ptérarchos | Ἀντιπτέραρχος
Antiptérarchos | Ὑποπτέραρχος
Ypoptérarchos | Σμήναρχος
Smínarchos | Ἀντισμήναρχος
Antismínarchos | Ἐπισμηναγός
Episminagós | Σμηναγός
Sminagós | Ὑποσμηναγός
Yposminagós | Ἀνθυποσμηναγός
Anthyposminagós
Royal Hellenic Navy[23] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ἀρχιναύαρχος
Archinavarchos | Ναύαρχος
Navarchos | Ἀντιναύαρχος
Antinavarchos | Ὑποναύαρχος
Yponavarchos | Πλοίαρχος
Ploiarchos | Ἀντιπλοίαρχος
Antiploiarchos | Πλωτάρχης
Plotarchis | Ὑποπλοίαρχος
Ypoploiarchos | Ἀνθυποπλοίαρχος
Anthypoploiarchos | Σημαιοφόρος
Simaioforos
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Hungarian Army[24][25] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tábornagy | Vezérezredes | Altábornagy | Vezérőrnagy | Ezredes | Alezredes | Őrnagy | Százados | Főhadnagy | Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian Air Force[26] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Altábornagy | Vezérőrnagy | Ezredes | Alezredes | Őrnagy | Százados | Főhadnagy | Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian River Guard[25] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vezérfökapitány | Vezérkapitány | Fötörzskapitány | Törzskapitány | Törzsalkapitány | Kapitány | Föhajónagy | Hajónagy
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Italian Army[27] |
Primo maresciallo dell'Impero |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maresciallo d'Italia | Generale d'armata[28] | Generale designato d'armata | Generale di corpo d'armata | Generale di divisione | Generale di brigata | Colonnello comandante | Colonnello | Tenente colonnello | Maggiore | Primo capitano | Capitano | Primo tenente | Tenente | Sottotenente
Royal Italian Air Force[29] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maresciallo dell'Aria | Generale d'Armata Aerea[28] | Generale designato d'Armata Aerea | Generale di Corpo d'Armata Aerea | Generale di Divisione Aerea | Generale di Brigata Aerea | Colonnello | Tenente colonnello | Maggiore | Primo capitano | Capitano | Tenente | Sottotenente
Royal Italian Navy[30] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Grande ammiraglio | Ammiraglio d'armata[31] | Ammiraglio designato d'armata | Ammiraglio di squadra | Ammiraglio di divisione | Contrammiraglio | Capitano di vascello | Capitano di fregata | Capitano di corvetta | Primo tenente di vascello | Tenente di vascello | Sottotenente di vascello | Guardiamarina
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Imperial Japanese Army & Army Air Service[32] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
大元帥陸軍大将
Daigensui-rikugun-taishō | 元帥陸軍大将
Gensui-rikugun-taishō | 陸軍大将
Rikugun-taishō | 陸軍中将
Rikugun-chūjō | 陸軍少将
Rikugun-shōshō | 陸軍大佐
Rikugun-taisa | 陸軍中佐
Rikugun-chūsa | 陸軍少佐
Rikugun-shōsa | 陸軍大尉
Rikugun-tai-i | 陸軍中尉
Rikugun-chūi | 陸軍少尉
Rikugun-shōi | 准尉
Jun-i
Imperial Japanese Navy[33][34] |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
大元帥海軍大将
Daigensui-kaigun-taishō | 元帥海軍大将
Gensui-kaigun-taishō | 海軍大将
Kaigun-taishō | 海軍中将
Kaigun-chūjō | 海軍少将
Kaigun-shōshō | 海軍大佐
Kaigun-daisa | 海軍中佐
Kaigun-chūsa | 海軍少佐
Kaigun-shōsa | 海軍大尉
Kaigun-dai-i | 海軍中尉
Kaigun-chūi | 海軍少尉
Kaigun-shōi | 兵曹長
Heisōchō
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Manchukuo Imperial Army & Air Force[35][36] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
總司令
Zǒng sīlìng | 上将
Shàng jiàng | 中将
Zhōng jiàng | 少将
Shào jiàng | 上校
Shàng xiào | 中校
Zhōng xiào | 少校
Shào xiào | 上尉
Shàng wèi | 中尉
Zhōng wèi | 少尉
Shào wèi | 准尉
Zhǔn wèi
Manchukuo Imperial Navy[37][38] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
總司令
Zǒng sīlìng | 上将
Shàng jiàng | 中将
Zhōng jiàng | 少将
Shào jiàng | 上校
Shàng xiào | 中校
Zhōng xiào | 少校
Shào xiào | 上尉
Shàng wèi | 中尉
Zhōng wèi | 少尉
Shào wèi
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Netherlands Army[39] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Generaal | Luitenant-generaal | Generaal-majoor | Kolonel | Luitenant-kolonel | Majoor | Kapitein/
Ritmeester | Eerste luitenant | Tweede luitenant
Royal Netherlands Navy[39] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Admiraal | Luitenant-admiraal | Vice-admiraal | Schout-bij-nacht | Kapitein ter zee | Kapitein-luitenant ter zee | Luitenant ter zee der 1ste klasse | Luitenant ter zee der 2de klasse oudste categorie | Luitenant ter zee der 2de klasse | Luitenant ter zee der 3de klasse
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Norwegian Army & Army Air Service[40] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General | General­løjtnant | General­major | Oberst | Oberst­løitnant | Major | Kaptein/
Rittmester | Premier­løitnant | Sekond­løitnant
Royal Norwegian Navy[41][42] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Admiral | Vice­admiral | Kontre­admiral | Kommandør | Kommandør­kaptein | Kaptein­løytnant | Kaptein | Løitnant | Sekund­løitnant
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Polish Army & Air Force[43] |
Marszałek Polski |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Generał broni | Generał dywizji | Generał brygady | Pułkownik | Podpułkownik | Major | Kapitan/
Rotmistrz | Porucznik | Podporucznik | Chorąży
Polish Navy[44] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Admirał | Wice­admirał | Kontr­admirał | Komandor | Komandor porucznik | Komandor podporucznik | Kapitan marynarki | Porucznik marynarki | Podporucznik marynarki
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Romanian Army[45][46] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal | General de armată | General de corp de armată | General de divizie | General de brigadă | Colonel | Locotenent-colonel | Maior | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Air Force[47][48] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal |  | General inspector | General comandant | General de escadră aeriană | Comandor | Căpitan-comandor | Locotenent-comandor | Căpitan | Locotenent | Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Navy[49] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mareșal | Amiral | Viceamiral | Contraamiral | Contraamiral de flotilă | Comandor | Căpitan-comandor | Locotenent-comandor | Căpitan | Locotenent | Aspirant
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
United States Army & Army Air Force[50] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General of the Army | General | Lieutenant general | Major general | Brigadier general | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | First lieutenant | Second lieutenant
United States Navy[50] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fleet admiral | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | Commodore[b] | Captain | Commander | Lieutenant commander | Lieutenant | Lieutenant (junior grade) | Ensign
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Red Army
(Since Oct. 1943)[c][51][52] |
Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за
Generalíssimus Sovétskogo Soyúza |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ма́ршал Сове́тского Сою́за
Márshal Sovétskogo Soyúza | Генера́л а́рмии
Generál ármi'i[d] | Генера́л-полко́вник
Generál-polkóvnik | Генера́л-лейтена́нт
Generál-leytenánt | Генера́л-майо́р
Generál-mayór | Полко́вник
Polkóvnik | Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik | Майо́р
Majór | Kапита́н
Kapitán | Старший лейтена́нт
Stárshiy leytenánt | Лейтенант
Leytenant | Mла́дший лейтена́нт
Mládshiy leytenánt
Red Army Air Force[53] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Главный маршал авиации
Glávnyi márshal aviátzi'i | Маршал авиации
Márshal aviátzi'i | Генера́л-полко́вник
Generál-polkóvnik | Генера́л-лейтена́нт
Generál-leytenánt | Генера́л-майо́р
Generál-mayór | Полко́вник
Polkóvnik | Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik | Майо́р
Majór | Kапита́н
Kapitán | Старший лейтена́нт
Stárshiy leytenánt | Лейтенант
Leytenant | Mла́дший лейтена́нт
Mládshiy leytenánt
Soviet Navy[54] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Адмирал флота
Admirál flota[e] | Адмирал
Admirál | Вице-адмирал
Vitse-admirál | Контр-адмирал
Contre-admirál | Капитан 1-го ранга
Kapitan 1-go ránga | Капитан 2-го ранга
Kapitan 2-go ránga | Капитан 3-го ранга
Kapitan 3-go ránga | Капитан-лейтенант
Kapitan-leytenánt | Старший лейтенант
Starshey leytenánt | Лейтенант
Leytenánt | Младший лейтенант
Mladshiy leytenánt
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Royal Yugoslav Army[56] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Бојни војвода
Bojni vojvoda | Армијски генерал
Armijski general | Дивизијски генерал
Divizijski general | Бригадни генерал
Brigadni general[f] | Пуковник
Pukovnik | Потпуковник
Potpukovnik | Мајор
Major | Капетан прве класе
Kapetan prve klase | Капетан друге класе
Kapetan druge klase | Поручник
Poručnik | Потпоручник
Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Air Force[57] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Армијски генерал
Armijski general | Дивизијски генерал
Divizijski general | Бригадни генерал
Brigadni general | Пуковник
Pukovnik | Потпуковник
Potpukovnik | Мајор
Major | Капетан прве класе
Kapetan prve klase | Капетан друге класе
Kapetan druge klase | Поручник
Poručnik | Потпоручник
Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Navy[57] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Адмирал
Admiral | Вицеадмирал
Viceadmiral | Контраадмирал
Kontraadmiral | Капетан бојног брода
Kapetan bojnog broda | Капетан фрегате
Kapetan fregate | Капетан корвете
Kapetan korvete | Поручник бојног брода прве класе
Poručnik bojnog broda prve klase | Поручник бојног брода друге класе
Poručnik bojnog broda druge klase | Поручник фрегате
Poručnik fregate | Поручник корвете
Poručnik korvete
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers
Yugoslav Partisans
(after 1943)[58] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maršal Jugoslavije | General-pukovnik | General-lajtant | General-major | Pukovnik | Potpukovnik | Major | Kapetan | Poručnik | Potporučnik | Zastavnik
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

## See also

[edit]

* Comparative officer ranks of World War I
* Comparative ranks of Third Reich
* List of comparative military ranks

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b an appointment rather than a substantive rank
2. ^ Reintroduced in 1943.
3. ^ For ranks used before 1943, see 1935–1940 ranks and 1940–1943 ranks
4. ^ Marshal and Chief marshal of the branch awarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers.
5. ^ Shoulder insignia was changed to a marshal star on 25 May 1945.[55]
6. ^ Color on the epaulettes and on the sleeve where different depend on branch (see more Corps colors of Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces)

## References

[edit]

Citations

1. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 121.
2. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 123.
3. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 126.
4. ^ Mollo 2001, pp. 49, 51.
5. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 51.
6. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 62–63.
7. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 214.
8. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 215.
9. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 192.
10. ^ Ping 2009, p. 65.
11. ^ Ping 2009, p. 93.
12. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 194.
13. ^ Ping 2009, pp. 81–83.
14. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 60.
15. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 39.
16. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 29.
17. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 58.
18. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 61.
19. ^ Le Hunsec 2012, pp. 91–107.
20. ^ Mollo 2001, pp. 11, 16.
21. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 19.
22. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 99.
23. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 101.
24. ^ Littlejohn 1994a, pp. 129–131.
25. ^ a b Mollo 1981, p. 209.
26. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 211.
27. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 86.
28. ^ a b Honorary ranks that can be reached achievements in battle.
29. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 89.
30. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 93.
31. ^ Ranks that can be reached only during the wartime or mobilization.
32. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 180.
33. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 53–54.
34. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 187.
35. ^ Government 1932, p. 117.
36. ^ Government 1934, p. 145.
37. ^ Government 1934, p. 152.
38. ^ Government 1935, pp. 43–44.
39. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 47.
40. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 41.
41. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 42.
42. ^ Rosignoli 1980, pp. 152–153.
43. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 23.
44. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 25.
45. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 95–96.
46. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 203.
47. ^ Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 98–99.
48. ^ Rosignoli 1983, Plate 76.
49. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 206.
50. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 161.
51. ^ Shalito, Savchenkov & Mollo 1993, p. 5.
52. ^ Rosignoli 1972, Plates 58–62.
53. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 169.
54. ^ Mollo 1981, p. 177.
55. ^ Vedomosti 1945.
56. ^ Mollo 2001, p. 104.
57. ^ a b Mollo 2001, p. 105.
58. ^ Thomas & Abbott 1983, p. 26.

Bibliography

* Mollo, Andrew (1981). The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization. New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-54478-4. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
* Mollo, Andrew (2001). The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation. Leicester: Silverdale books. ISBN 1-85605-603-1.
* Le Hunsec, Mathieu (2012-03-15). "L'amiral, cet inconnu". Revue historique des armées (in French) (266): 91–107\. ISSN 0035-3299.91-107&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.issn=0035-3299&rft.aulast=Le+Hunsec&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft_id=https://journals.openedition.org/rha/7393&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Comparative+officer+ranks+of+World+War+II" class="Z3988">
* Littlejohn, David (1994a). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 3 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-29-7.
* Littlejohn, David (1994b). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
* Ping, Xu, ed. (2009). Zhōngguó bǎinián jūnfú (zēngbǔ bǎn) 中国百年军服 (增补版) [China Regimental 100 Years] (2nd ed.). Gold Wall Press. ISBN 978-7-80084-679-3. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
* Shalito, Anton; Savchenkov, Ilya; Mollo, Andrew (1993). Red Army Uniforms of World War II in Colour Photographs. London: Windrow & Greene. ISBN 978-1872004594.
* Rosignoli, Guido (1972). Army badges and insignia of World War 2: Book 1. MacMillan Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd. ISBN 9780026050807. LCCN 72-85765.
* Rosignoli, Guido (1980). Naval and Marine Badges and Insignia of World War 2. Blandford Colour Series. Link House, Dorset: Blandford Press Ltd. ISBN 9780713709193.
* Rosignoli, Guido (1983). Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine. Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd. ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
* Thomas, Nigel; Abbott, Peter (1983). Windrow, Martin (ed.). Partisan Warfare 1941-45. Men-at-Arms. Hong Kong: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-513-8.
* "Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 25.05.1945 об изменении знаков различия – погонов для адмиралов флота" [Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of 25 May 1945 on changing the insignia – epaulettes for fleet admirals]. wikisource (in Russian). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 1945. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
* Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 71-No. 82)] (in Japanese). December 1932. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
* Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 227-No. 250)] (in Japanese). December 1934. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
* Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku 満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 292-No. 313)] (in Japanese). March 1935. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

* v
* t
* e

World War II

* Outline
* Battles
* Operations
* Leaders
* Allied
* Axis
* Commanders
* Casualties
* Conferences

General|

| Topics|

* Air warfare of World War II
* In Europe
* Blitzkrieg
* Comparative military ranks
* Cryptography
* Declarations of war
* Diplomacy
* Governments in exile
* Home front
* Australian
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Lend-Lease
* Manhattan Project
* British contribution
* Military awards
* Military equipment
* Military production
* Naval history
* Nazi plunder
* Opposition
* Technology
* Allied cooperation
* Mulberry harbour
* Total war
* Strategic bombing
* Puppet states
* Women
* Art and World War II
* Music in World War II
* Weather events during World War II

|

Theaters|

* Asia and Pacific
* China
* South-East Asia
* Pacific
* North and Central Pacific
* South-West Pacific
* Indian Ocean
* Europe
* Western Front
* Eastern Front
* Mediterranean and Middle East
* North Africa
* East Africa
* Italy
* West Africa
* Atlantic
* timeline
* Americas

Aftermath|

* Chinese Civil War
* Cold War
* Decolonization
* Division of Korea
* First Indochina War
* Expulsion of Germans
* Greek Civil War
* Indonesian National Revolution
* Keelhaul
* Marshall Plan
* Occupation of Germany
* Occupation of Japan
* Osoaviakhim
* Paperclip
* Soviet occupations
* Baltic
* Hungary
* Poland
* Romania
* Territorial changes of Germany
* Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
* United Nations

War crimes|

* Allied war crimes
* Soviet war crimes
* British war crimes
* United States war crimes
* German war crimes
* forced labour
* Wehrmacht war crimes
* The Holocaust
* Aftermath
* Response
* Nuremberg trials
* Italian war crimes
* Japanese war crimes
* Nanjing Massacre
* Unit 731
* Prosecution
* Croatian war crimes
* Genocide of Serbs
* Persecution of Jews
* Romanian war crimes
* Sexual violence
* German military brothels
* Camp brothels
* Rape during the occupation of Germany / Japan / Poland
* Rape during the liberation of France / Serbia
* Sook Ching
* Comfort women
* Rape of Manila
* Marocchinate

Participants|

| Allies|

* Algeria
* Australia
* Belgium
* Brazil
* Bulgaria (from September 1944)
* Canada
* China
* Cuba
* Czechoslovakia
* Denmark
* Ethiopia
* Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
* Finland (from September 1944)
* France
* Free France
* Greece
* India
* Italy (from September 1943)
* Liberia
* Luxembourg
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* Newfoundland
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania (from August 1944)
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* Southern Rhodesia
* Soviet Union
* Tuva
* United Kingdom
* British Empire
* United States
* Puerto Rico
* Yugoslavia

|

Axis|

* Albania protectorate
* Bulgaria (until September 1944)
* State of Burma
* Republic of China (Wang Jingwei)
* Independent State of Croatia
* Finland (until September 1944)
* German Reich
* Hungary
* Azad Hind
* Iraq
* Italy (until September 1943)
* Italian Social Republic
* Empire of Japan
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang
* Philippines
* Romania (until August 1944)
* Slovak Republic
* Thailand
* Vichy France
* Guangzhouwan
* French Indochina
* French Madagascar
* Syria–Lebanon
* French North Africa
* French West Africa
* Collaboration

Neutral|

* Afghanistan
* Andorra
* Bhutan
* Ireland
* Liechtenstein
* Monaco
* Portugal
* San Marino
* Saudi Arabia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Tibet
* Turkey
* Vatican City
* Yemen

Resistance|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Czech lands
* Denmark
* Dutch East Indies
* Estonia
* Ethiopia
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hong Kong
* Italy
* Japan
* Jews
* Korea
* Korean Liberation Army
* Korean Volunteer Army
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malaya
* Netherlands
* Northeast China
* Norway
* Philippines
* Poland
* Romania
* Thailand
* Soviet Union
* Slovakia
* Western Ukraine
* Vietnam
* Quốc dân Đảng
* Viet Minh
* Yugoslavia

POWs|

* Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* German prisoners
* Soviet Union
* Azerbaijan
* United States
* United Kingdom
* Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
* Japanese prisoners
* Soviet Union
* German atrocities against Polish POWs
* Soviet prisoners
* Finland
* atrocities by Germans
* Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
* Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union

Timeline|

| Prelude|

* Africa
* Second Italo-Ethiopian War
* Asia
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Battles of Khalkhin Gol
* Europe
* Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
* Anschluss
* Munich Agreement
* Occupation of Czechoslovakia
* Operation Himmler
* Italian invasion of Albania

|

1939|

* Invasion of Poland
* Battle of the Atlantic
* Phoney War
* First Battle of Changsha
* Battle of South Guangxi
* Winter War
* 1939–1940 Winter Offensive

1940|

* Norwegian campaign
* German invasion of Denmark
* Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
* German invasion of Luxembourg
* German invasion of the Netherlands
* German invasion of Belgium
* Battle of France
* Dunkirk evacuation
* Battle of Britain
* Battle of the Mediterranean
* North Africa
* West Africa
* British Somaliland
* Hundred Regiments Offensive
* Baltic states
* Eastern Romania
* Japanese invasion of French Indochina
* Italian invasion of Greece
* Compass

1941|

* Battle of South Henan
* Battle of Shanggao
* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* German invasion of Greece
* Battle of Crete
* Anglo-Iraqi War
* Battle of South Shanxi
* Syria–Lebanon campaign
* East African campaign
* Invasion of the Soviet Union
* Summer War
* Finland (Silver Fox)
* Lithuania
* Battle of Kiev
* Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
* Second Battle of Changsha
* Siege of Leningrad
* Battle of Moscow
* Bombing of Gorky
* Siege of Sevastopol
* Attack on Pearl Harbor
* Japanese invasion of Thailand
* Fall of Hong Kong
* Fall of the Philippines
* Battle of Guam
* Battle of Wake Island
* Malayan campaign
* Battle of Borneo
* Japanese invasion of Burma
* Third Battle of Changsha
* Greek famine of 1941–1944

1942|

* Fall of Singapore
* Battle of the Java Sea
* St Nazaire Raid
* Battle of Christmas Island
* Battle of the Coral Sea
* Battle of Madagascar
* Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
* Battle of Gazala
* Battle of Dutch Harbor
* Battle of Midway
* Aleutian Islands campaign
* Kiska
* Attu
* Blue
* First Battle of El Alamein
* Battle of Stalingrad
* Kokoda Track campaign
* Rzhev
* Jubilee
* Second Battle of El Alamein
* Guadalcanal campaign
* Torch
* Chinese famine of 1942–1943

1943|

* Black May
* Tunisian campaign
* Battle of West Hubei
* Battle of Attu
* Bombing of Gorky
* Battle of Kursk
* Allied invasion of Sicily
* Smolensk
* Solomon Islands campaign
* Cottage
* Battle of the Dnieper
* Allied invasion of Italy
* Armistice of Cassibile
* Burma
* Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
* Changde
* Second Battle of Kiev
* Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
* Tarawa
* Makin
* Bengal famine of 1943

1944|

* Tempest
* Monte Cassino / Anzio
* Korsun–Cherkassy
* Narva
* U-Go
* Imphal
* Ichi-Go
* Kohima
* Overlord
* Neptune
* Mariana and Palau
* Bagration
* Western Ukraine
* Second Battle of Guam
* Tannenberg Line
* Warsaw Uprising
* Eastern Romania
* Liberation of Paris
* Dragoon
* Gothic Line
* Belgrade offensive
* Battle of San Marino
* Lapland
* Market Garden
* Estonia
* Crossbow
* Pointblank
* Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
* Philippines (1944–1945)
* Leyte
* Syrmian Front
* Hungary
* Budapest
* Burma (1944–1945)
* Ardennes
* Bodenplatte
* Dutch famine of 1944–1945

1945|

* Vistula–Oder
* Battle of Manila
* Battle of Iwo Jima
* Indochina
* Vienna offensive
* Project Hula
* Western invasion of Germany
* Bratislava–Brno offensive
* Battle of Okinawa
* Second Guangxi campaign
* West Hunan
* Italy (Spring 1945)
* Battle of Berlin
* Prague offensive
* Surrender of Germany
* document
* Borneo
* Taipei
* Naval bombardment of Japan
* Manchuria
* Atomic bombings
* Debate
* South Sakhalin
* Kuril Islands
* Shumshu
* Surrender of Japan
* Potsdam Declaration
* document
* End of World War II in Asia

* World portal
* Bibliography
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Military ranks and insignia by country

* List of comparative military ranks

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* DR Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with
limited recognition|

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Former|

* People's Republic of Angola
* Biafra
* Bophuthatswana
* Ciskei
* Kingdom of Egypt
* Ethiopian Empire
* Katanga
* People's Republic of Mozambique
* Rhodesia
* South West Africa
* Transkei
* Venda
* Zaire

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Apartheid States in Southern Africa

Americas|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Enlisted:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Other:
* Marine Corps
* Space Force
* Warrant officer
* Opposing forces
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Former|

* Canada (pre-Unification)
* Confederate States of America
* Union
* Army
* Navy
* Costa Rica
* Republic of Cuba
* Empire of Brazil
* Panama
* Republic of Texas
* Army
* Navy
* United States Army enlisted
* World War I
* World War II

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* PR of China
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Rocket Force
* Armed Police
* India
* Army
* Air Force
* Navy
* Coast Guard
* Border Roads Organisation
* Paramilitary forces
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Korea
* North
* South
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Marines
* Civil Armed Forces
* Maritime Security Agency
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Artsakh
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan (Republic of China)

Former|

* China
* Empire
* Republic (1912–1949)
* Dutch East Indies
* East Turkestan (Second Republic)
* People's Republic of Kampuchea
* Imperial Iran
* Imperial Japan
* Army
* Navy
* Korea
* Empire
* Liberation Army
* Kingdom of Laos
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang
* Mongolian People's Republic
* Vietnam
* State
* South
* South Yemen
* Tibet
* Tuva

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Europe|

* Albania
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Home Guard
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Army
* Navy
* Gendarmerie
* Air and Space Force
* Foresters
* Germany
* Georgia
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Land Forces
* Coast Guard
* Ireland
* Italy
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Carabinieri
* Finance Guard
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* North Macedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Cossacks
* Between 1994 and 2010
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Other:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Vatican

States with
limited recognition|

* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* Transnistria

Former|

* Albania
* Kingdom
* People's Socialist Republic
* Austria–Hungary
* Army
* Navy
* Bulgaria
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Independent State of Croatia
* Czechoslovakia
* German Empire
* Weimar Republic
* Nazi Germany
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* East Germany
* Kingdom of Greece
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* France
* Napoleonic Grand Army
* Hungary
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Italy
* Kingdom
* Social Republic
* Ottoman Empire
* Polish People's Republic
* Republika Srpska
* Romania
* Kingdom
* Socialist Republic
* Russian Empire
* White Movement
* Slovakia (First Republic)
* Soviet Union
* 1918–35
* 1935–40
* 1940–43
* 1943–55
* 1955–91
* Spain
* 2nd Republic
* State
* Yugoslavia
* Kingdom
* Socialist Federal Republic
* Federal Republic

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Language|

| Anglophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

|

Arabophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Francophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Gendarmerie
* Officers
* Enlisted

Hispanophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Lusophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Military police
* Officers
* Enlisted

Post-Soviet states|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Commonwealth of Nations|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

European Union|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

NATO|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air Force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Comparative ranks of

* Highest ranks
* Star ranking
* Officers of World War I
* Officers of World War II
* Women's Services in World War II
* Marine forces
* Space forces
* Gendarmeries
* UK and US

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