Computer network programming

Writing computer programs with networking capability

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For similar terms referring to the hardware technologies committed to computer network programming, see Computer network.

Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.[1]

## Connection-oriented and connectionless communications

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Very generally, most of communications can be divided into connection-oriented, and connectionless. Whether a communication is connection-oriented or connectionless, is defined by the communication protocol, and not by application programming interface (API). Examples of the connection-oriented protocols include Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX), and examples of connectionless protocols include User Datagram Protocol (UDP), "raw IP", and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).

## Clients and servers

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Main article: client–server model

For connection-oriented communications, communication parties usually have different roles. One party is usually waiting for incoming connections; this party is usually referred to as "server". Another party is the one which initiates connection; this party is usually referred to as "client".

For connectionless communications, one party ("server") is usually waiting for an incoming packet, and another party ("client") is usually understood as the one which sends an unsolicited packet to "server".

## Popular protocols and APIs

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Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.

OSI/ISO Layer  | Protocol  | API

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L3 (network)  | IP | Raw socket
L4 (transport)  | TCP, UDP, SCTP | Berkeley Sockets
L5 (session)  | TLS | OpenSSL
L7 (application)  | HTTP | Various

## See also

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* Software-defined networking
* Infrastructure as code
* Site reliability engineering
* DevOps

## References

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* W. Richard Stevens: UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition: Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI, Prentice Hall, 1998, ISBN 0-13-490012-X

1. ^ "Chapter 12 - Network Programming". COMP1406 (PDF). 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-05. "Network Programming involves writing programs that communicate with other programs across a computer network."