Concertone for two Violins and Orchestra

1774 composition by W. A. Mozart

Concertone for Two Violins and Orchestra

by W. A. Mozart

1773 miniature of Mozart

Key| C major
Catalogue| K. 190 (186e)
Genre| Sinfonia concertante
Style| Classical period
Composed| 1774 (1774)
Movements| Three (Allegro spiritoso, Andantino grazioso, Tempo minuetto. Vivace)
Scoring|

* two Violins
* orchestra

The Concertone for Two Violins and Orchestra in C major, K. 190 (186e) was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in May 1774.[1]

## History

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Despite illegible handwriting, an xray of the manuscript revealed a date of 31 May 1774. According to Hans Engel [de], the piece was composed in Italy,[2] although Salzburg is written on the title page and is accepted as the place of composition. Completed soon after Mozart's return from an extended trip to Italy.[3]

The circumstances for the Salzburg performance are unknown, however, the inclusion of trumpets suggest it may have been a celebratory or festive occasion. Mozart himself may have played one of the solo violin parts. Presumably the Concertone was performed by the Salzburg court orchestra. Music with string solos was fashionable at the time, led by Mozart's employer Archbishop Colloredo, who himself played the violin. It was written before the 1775 violin concertos in Salzburg, and was first published in 1870 in Leipzig by August Cranz Hofmeister. It was also published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1880.[1][4][5] The original autograph manuscript is housed at the Morgan Library & Museum in New York City.[6]

## Description

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### Concertone

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Mozart simply wrote "Concertone" (large concert) on the autograph score.[7] An Italian term which meant more than one soloist with an accompanying orchestra, similar to a symphonie concertante. Leopold Mozart also called the work a concertone in his copy. The title page of the score only refers to two solo violins and orchestra. But the music contains notable solo writing for the oboe, cello and with a few passages for divided violas and for a solo double bass.[5]

One of Mozart's earliest concertos, the Concertone has similarities in form to the earlier concerto grosso form, as well as contemporary concertante works. Such as Joseph Haydn's symphonies nos. 6 to 8, "Le Matin", "Le Midi" and "Le Soir", and similar styled works by J. C. Bach. This form of writing was popular in Paris at the time. The flautist Johann Baptist Wendling was enthusiastic about the Concertone and arranged to have it performed in Paris or possibly Mannheim. Wendling exclaimed "it is just the thing for Paris".[8] The Mozart scholar Alexander Hyatt King remarked "a hybrid work in which the old genre got a new soul ... the juxtaposition of baroque concerto grosso instruments mixes well with the new galant style”.[9]

The work is scored for two solo violins; two oboes; two horns in C, and in F for the second movement; two trumpets in C (silent in the second movement); and strings.[1][7]

### Movements

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The three movements are marked: I. Allegro spiritoso in common time , II. Andantino grazioso in F major in triple time 3
4, III. Tempo di minuetto – Vivace in triple time 3

The first movement shows similarities to the French style of writing at the time, however the dynamic markings are more of the Mannheim style. Mozart wrote out the cadenza for the first movement. The extended long second movement displays lyrical trills and a masterful polyphonic interaction of the solo performers. The minuet finale is cheerful and at a faster tempo, also affording the soloists opportunities to display their virtuosic skills.[8][4][5] A typical performance lasts between 25 and 30 minutes.[1]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d Concertone in C major, K.190/186E: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
2. ^ Christoph-Hellmut Mahling. "Series Five – Concertos" (PDF). DME Mozarteum. International Mozart Foundation. p. IX. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
3. ^ The New Grove Mozart (1980) Stanley Sadie, p. 42 ISBN 0333341996
4. ^ a b David Garrett. "Concertone for Two Violins in C, K. 190" (PDF) (programme notes). Adelaide Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
5. ^ a b c Joseph Stevenson. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Concertone for 2 violins, oboe, cello & orchestra in C major, K. 190 (K. 186E) at AllMusic
6. ^ Concertone, violins (2), orchestra, K. 190, C major (Corsair Online Catalog). Morgan Library & Museum. OCLC 270567720. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
7. ^ a b "Mozart Concertone, K.190" (sheet music). Musopen. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
8. ^ a b Irina Susidko. "W. A. Mozart Oboenspitze, volume 3; Alexei Utkin / Hermitage Orchestra". Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
9. ^ BBC Music Guides to Mozart Wind & String Concertos (1978) A. Hyatt King ISBN 0295954787

## External links

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*   *  Concertone in C major, K.190/186E: Score and critical report (in German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
* Concertone in C major, K.190/186E: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
* Concertone in C major, K.190/186E (audio) on YouTube, Yehudi Menuhin, Alberto Lysy (violins), Bath Festival Orchestra
* Concertone in C major, K.190/186E (audio) on YouTube, Gérard Poulet, Henryk Szeryng (violins), Norman Jones (cello), Richard Morgan (oboe), New Philharmonia Orchestra, Alexander Gibson (conductor)

* v
* t
* e

Concertos and other concertante works for violin by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Violin Concertos|

* No. 1 in B-flat major, K. 207
* No. 2 in D major, K. 211
* No. 3 in G major, K. 216 (Straßburg)
* No. 4 in D major, K. 218
* No. 5 in A major, K. 219 (Turkish)

Individual movements|

* Adagio in E major, K. 261
* Rondo in B-flat major, K. 269/261a
* Rondo in C major, K. 373

Multiple instruments|

* Concertone for Two Violins and Orchestra in C major, K. 190/186E
* Concerto for Violin, Piano and Orchestra in D major, K. Anh. 56/315f (fragment)
* Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E-flat major, K. 364/320d
* Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola, Cello and Orchestra in A major, K. Anh 104/320e (fragment)

Doubtful|

* Violin Concerto (No. 7) in D major, K. 271a/271i (Kolb)

Spurious|

* Violin Concerto (No. 6) in E-flat major, K. 268/365b/Anh.C 14.04, attributed to Johann Friedrich Eck
* Violin Concerto in D major, K. Anh. 294a/Anh.C 14.05 (Adélaïde), by Marius Casadesus

* List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* Köchel catalogue

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Other|

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