Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)

Political party in Italy

Conservatives and Reformists

Conservatori e Riformisti

President| Raffaele Fitto
Founded| May 2015 (launch)
3 June 2015 (foundation)
Dissolved| 28 January 2017
Split from| Forza Italia
Succeeded by| Direction Italy
Headquarters| Via Torre dell'Astrologo 44, Manfredonia
Ideology| Conservatism
Liberal conservatism
Soft euroscepticism
Political position| Centre-right
European affiliation| Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe
European Parliament group| European Conservatives and Reformists
Colours|  Blue
Website
conservatorieriformisti.it

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Conservatism in Italy

Ideologies

* Berlusconism
* Italian nationalism
* Italian school of elitism
* Liberal conservatism
* Liberismo
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Principles

* Agrarianism
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History

* 1946 Italian institutional referendum
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Intellectuals

* Bresciani
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* Taparelli

Literature

* The Rise and Fall of the Elites (1900)
* The Mind and Society (1916)
* Revolt Against the Modern World (1934)
* The Rage and the Pride (2001)
* The Force of Reason (2004)

Politicians

* Andreotti
* Berlusconi
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Parties

Active

* Brothers of Italy
* Coraggio Italia
* Future and Freedom
* Identity and Action
* Lega
* Monarchist Alliance
* Lega Nord
* Us with Italy

Defunct

* Common Man's Front
* Conservatives and Reformists
* Direction Italy
* Forza Italia
* Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
* Italian Nationalist Association
* Liberal Constitutional Party
* Monarchist National Party
* New Centre-Right
* The People of Freedom
* People's Monarchist Party

Think tanks

* FareFuturo
* Foundation for Subsidiarity
* Liberal Foundation
* Machiavelli Center
* Magna Carta Foundation
* New Italy
* The Republicans

Media

* Annabella
* L'Armonia
* Il Borghese
* Candido
* Corriere della Sera (formerly)
* Epoca
* Il Foglio
* Il Giornale
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* Libero
* La Verità

Related topics

* Immigration and crime
* Politics of Italy
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* Conservatism portal
* Italy portal

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The Conservatives and Reformists (Italian: Conservatori e Riformisti, CR or CoR) was a broadly conservative[1][2] and, to some extent,[3][4] Christian-democratic and liberal[3][4] political party in Italy, led by Raffaele Fitto.

The CoR emerged in May 2015 from a split from Forza Italia (FI), and is modelled on the British Conservative Party and David Cameron's brand of liberal conservatism, vision and leadership (in the run-up to the 2015 UK general election Fitto, Capezzone and other 28 MPs of their faction within FI had publicly endorsed Cameron in a letter to The Telegraph)[5] and named after the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), the group in the European Parliament in which the Conservatives and Fitto sit. The CoR joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) on 13 November 2015.[6]

Since January 2017 the CoR have been part of a new party named Direction Italy (DI), also led by Fitto.

## History

[edit]

### Forza Italia's rebuilders

[edit]

In November 2013 The People of Freedom, the centre-right party led by Silvio Berlusconi, was transformed into Forza Italia (FI), a reference to a defunct party with the same name.[7] Among the strongest supporters of the return to FI, the so-called "hawks"[8] and self-proclaimed "loyalists",[9] a leading role was played by Raffaele Fitto.[10][11] At the 2014 European Parliament election Fitto was FI's most voted candidate and was elected to the European Parliament in the South.[12]

Fitto, the strongest backer of Berlusconi's leadership in late 2013, became his main internal challenger by mid 2014. After months of bickering with Berlusconi over the so-called "Nazareno pact" with Matteo Renzi, leader of the Democratic Party and Prime Minister, in February 2015 Fitto launched his own faction, named "Rebuilders".[13] Fitto's allies included Capezzone, Maurizio Bianconi, Rocco Palese, Saverio Romano, Cinzia Bonfrisco, Augusto Minzolini and most Apulian MPs.[14]

### Split from Forza Italia

[edit]

In the run-up of the 2015 regional elections Berlusconi and Fitto did not find an agreement on the composition of the slates in Apulia, where the party's two wings fielded two opposing candidates for president.[15][16][17] At the 2015 Apulian regional election a list named after Fitto ("Beyond with Fitto") won 9.3% of the vote and its candidate for president, Francesco Schittulli (Schittulli Political Movement), won 18.3% of the president's vote (won by Michele Emiliano, a Democrat), compared to 10.8% for FI and 14.4% for FI's official candidate and former member of the Brothers of Italy (FdI), Adriana Poli Bortone.[18]

Two weeks before the regional elections, Fitto left the European People's Party Group in the European Parliament in order to join the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR).[19] He also left FI altogether and launched the Conservatives and Reformists (CoR).[20]

At its launch, the CoR included nine deputies (eight sitting with FI and one with the FdI)[21][22] and twelve senators (ten from FI and two from Great Autonomies and Freedom, GAL), organised in an official group;[23] two senators later defected to the Liberal Popular Alliance (ALA),[24][25] but the remaining ten senators were enough to keep the senatorial group alive. In early July the CoR were joined by an additional MEP, Remo Sernagiotto, who had defected from FI and the EPP to ECR.[26]

The CoR were established as a full-fledged political party on 16 July 2015.[27][28]

### European and Italian alliances

[edit]

In November the CoR joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR),[6] and started a sub-group within the Mixed Group in the Chamber of Deputies with eleven deputies, ten from FI and one from FdI.[29][30] CR's deputies and senators may soon join forces with Gaetano Quagliariello's Identity and Action (split from the New Centre-Right), an earlier FI's spin-off, and Flavio Tosi's Act! (split from Lega Nord); such an alliance could boast more than 20 deputies and 15 senators.[31]

In January 2016 another CoR senator switched to ALA,[32] leaving the party with only nine senators. Being ten the minimum required number to form a group in the Senate, the party risked losing that privilege,[33] but Luigi Compagna, a senator from Quagliariello's Identity and Action (IdeA) and the Great Autonomies and Freedom group, joined the CoR group in order to keep it alive, in a move that might be a prelude for a broader alliance between the two parties.[34][35][36] In May history repeated itself: after one more senator had switched to ALA, another IdeA senator, Andrea Augello, joined forces with the CoR group in order to keep it alive.

In the 2016 local elections the CoR ran its lists especially in Apulia: the party won 6.2% in Brindisi and had its candidate for mayor (Angela Carluccio) elected in the run-off,[37] 7.2% in Fasano,[38] 5.6% in Gallipoli,[39] 13.2% in Nardò,[40] 11.6% in Ruvo di Puglia,[41] and 7.2% in San Giovanni Rotondo.[42]

### Dissolution into Direction Italy

[edit]

In December 2016 Cinzia Bonfrisco left the party and joined the Italian Liberal Party (PLI), giving it representation in the Senate.[43] In January 2017 Fitto launched a new party, named Direction Italy (DI), including the CoR and other minor parties.[44][45] After the dissolution of the CoR group for lack of members, in May the seven senators of CR–DI joined the GAL group,[46] composed primarily of minor centre-right parties, while the CoR sub-group in the Chamber maintained its name for some time.

## Leadership

[edit]

* President: Raffaele Fitto (2015–2017)
* Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Rocco Palese (2015–2017)
* Party Leader in the Senate: Cinzia Bonfrisco (2015–2017)
* Party Leader in the European Parliament: Raffaele Fitto (2015–2017)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Bruno Guarini (July 16, 2015). "Abbasso Le Pen, Merkel e Putin, evviva Cameron. Ecco il manifesto di Fitto e Capezzone". Le Formiche. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
2. ^ "Fitto si ispira a Cameron e "ruba" il leone dei Tories per il nuovo partito". Secolo d'Italia. July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
3. ^ a b Due cose al Foglio sui (veri) conservatori - L'intraprendente | L'intraprendente
4. ^ a b Conservatori e Riformisti | Raffaele Fitto | Nuovo partito | Simbolo | Programma | Chi ne fa parte
5. ^ Letters: Voters want politicians to stop hiding the facts about debt - Telegraph
6. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2015-11-19.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^ "Berlusconi breaks away from Italian government after party splits". Reuters. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
8. ^ "Nel Pdl colombe pronte alla battaglia E il partito ora rischia la scissione". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
9. ^ "Fitto: noi lealisti non vogliamo posti Azzerare tutto e poi congresso". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
10. ^ "Pdl, tanti no all?ipotesi del congresso". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
11. ^ "Il Pdl e la sfida sugli incarichi Si affacciano i mediatori". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
12. ^ "::: Ministero dell'Interno ::: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni - Europee del 25 Maggio 2014". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
13. ^ "Fi, Fitto lancia i "ricostruttori" "Stiamo e saremo nel partito"". Corriere della Sera. 21 February 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
14. ^ "Dall?ex tesoriere ai pugliesi: chi sta con Fitto E Verdini prova ad assottigliare la pattuglia". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
15. ^ "Berlusconi-Alfano, intesa in Campania È rottura con Fitto". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
16. ^ "In Puglia Berlusconi lancia Poli Bortone: è caos". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
17. ^ ""Poli Bortone dice sì". Toti: ora Fitto si allinei". Retrieved 9 June 2015.
18. ^ Puglia - Elezioni Regionali - 31 maggio 2015 - la Repubblica.it
19. ^ Archivio Corriere della Sera
20. ^ "Fitto, nasce associazione Conservatori e Riformisti". ANSA.it. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-11-07. Retrieved 2015-08-18.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
22. ^ Fi: gruppo Camera fa i conti, ipotesi scissione Fitto 'vale' 1 mln euro
23. ^ senato.it - Composizione del Gruppo Conservatori e Riformisti nella XVII Legislatura
24. ^ Archivio Corriere della Sera
25. ^ "Raffaele Fitto, con lui dodici senatori: ecco i nomi". Affaritaliani (in Italian). 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
26. ^ Remo Sernagiotto MEP joins the ECR Group : European Conservatives and Reformists Group
27. ^ Conservatori, Fitto lancia il simbolo: «Siamo nel centrodestra, ma no ad accordi poco chiari» - Il Sole 24 ORE
28. ^ Ecco il Leone Blu dei Conservatori e Riformisti. Fitto: "Noi alternativi a Renzi" - Rai News
29. ^ Nasce la componente Conservatori e Riformisti anche alla Camera | Corriere Salentino
30. ^ Camera, Alfano perde pezzi: i deputati di Quagliariello emigrano nel gruppo Misto - Il Fatto Quotidiano
31. ^ Diaspora Ncd, Quagliariello "cerca" Tosi e Fitto. Verdini sogna l'Opa sugli alfaniani. E Ala cresce ancora | Giornalettismo
32. ^ Pagnoncelli con Verdini. Ala arriva a quota 19 senatori - Affaritaliani.it
33. ^ Senato: si scioglie gruppo fittiani - Politica - ANSA.it
34. ^ Quagliariello aiuta Fitto, i senatori di Cor tornano a dieci: salvo il gruppo
35. ^ Fitto ha un’«Idea»: si rivolge a Quagliariello e si fa prestare il senatore Luigi Compagna | Corriere Salentino
36. ^ Senatore di “Idea” si iscriverà a gruppo Conservatori e Riformisti a Palazzo Madama. Quagliariello e Fitto sempre più vicini | Lecce ed il Salento online
37. ^ "Comune di Brindisi - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
38. ^ "Comune di Fasano - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
39. ^ "Comune di Gallipoli - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
40. ^ "Comune di Nardò - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
41. ^ "Comune di Ruvo di Puglia - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
42. ^ "Comune di San Giovanni Rotondo - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".
43. ^ http://www.partitoliberale.it/13515/comunicati/liberali-ritornano-al-senato.html [dead link]
44. ^ "Ecco "Direzione Italia", il partito di Fitto". 31 January 2017.
45. ^ "Direzione Italia, ecco idee e alleati del nuovo partito (Thatcheriano) di Raffaele Fitto". 29 January 2017.
46. ^ "Senato.it - Senato della Repubblica senato.it - Variazioni nei Gruppi parlamentari".

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Historical political parties in Italy

Communist|

* Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)
* Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)
* Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)
* Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)

Democratic socialist|

* Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)
* Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)
* Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)
* Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)
* Democratic Left (2007–2010)
* Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)

Green|

* Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)
* Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)
* Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)

Social-democratic and liberal-socialist|

* Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930)
* Action Party (1929–1947)
* Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)
* Union of Socialists (1948–1949)
* Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)
* Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)
* Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)
* Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)
* Labour Federation (1994–1998)
* Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)
* Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)
* Article One (2017–2023)

Radical and social-liberal|

* Action Party (1853–1867)
* Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)
* Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Social Democracy (1922–1926)
* Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)
* Radical Party (1955–1989)
* Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)
* The Network (1991–1999)

Centrist and centrist liberal|

* Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)
* Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926)
* Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)
* Union for the Republic
* Italian Renewal (1996–2002)
* The Democrats (1999–2002)
* Segni Pact (1993–2003)
* Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)
* Civic Choice (2013–2019)
* Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)

Regionalist and federalist|

* Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)
* Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)
* Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)
* Great South (2011–2013)

Christian-democratic|

* Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)
* Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)
* Italian People's Party (1919–1926)
* Christian Democracy (1943–1994)
* Italian People's Party (1994–2002)
* Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)
* Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)
* United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)
* European Democracy (2001–2002)
* Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)
* Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)

Conservative-liberal|

* Liberal Union (1913–1922)
* Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)
* National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)
* Union of the Centre

Liberal-conservative|

* Economic Party (1919–1924)
* Forza Italia (1994–2009)
* The People of Freedom (2009–2013)
* Future and Freedom (2010–2014)
* New Centre-Right (2013–2017)
* Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
* Direction Italy (2017–2019)
* Cambiamo! (2019–2022)

National-conservative|

* Common Man's Front (1946–1949)
* Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)
* People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)
* Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)
* National Democracy (1977–1979)
* National Alliance (1995–2009)

Nationalist|

* Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)
* Combatants' Party (1919–1923)
* National Fascist Party (1921–1943)
* Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
* Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)

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