Constitution of North Dakota

State constitution of North Dakota, United States

The Constitution of North Dakota is the most basic legal document in the U.S. state of North Dakota. It consists of a preamble and fourteen articles.

## History

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In recent years, North Dakota's constitution has been amended several times. Among these amendments was a 2012 revision to legally mandate the administration of oaths to state officers. The amendment was created because an elderly man named John Rolczynski, who lives in Grand Forks, North Dakota, discovered an error that made North Dakota's statehood illegitimate.[1] In 2016, North Dakota voters guaranteed certain rights to crime victims.[2] In 2018, the voters added a new article creating an ethics commission responsible for adopting rules relating to transparency, corruption, elections, and lobbying, and for investigating alleged violations of those rules.[3]

In 2022, voters in the state approved an amendment that limits the governor, state representatives, and senators in the Legislative Assembly to two four-year terms. The amendment only applies to individuals elected after January 1, 2023.[4] In May 2023, an attempt began to change this limit to three terms, and allow affected politicians to run again after four years.[5]

## Amendment

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Amendments to the North Dakota Constitution have always required the approval of a majority of voters. Between 1889 and 1914, the power to propose amendments to the Constitution rested with the North Dakota Legislative Assembly. In 1914, the voter constitutional initiative was introduced, and between 1914 and 2012, 74 initiated amendments were considered by North Dakota voters.[6]

North Dakota held a constitutional convention in 1889.[7] Since it was adopted on October 1, 1889, the Constitution of North Dakota has been amended 164 times.[8]

In 1970, North Dakota voters approved calling a constitutional convention.[9] The convention drafted a new constitution, but it was rejected by the voters in the 1972 ballot.[10]

## References

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1. ^ Rosenfeld, Everett (July 14, 2011). "Because of Constitution Error, North Dakota is Not a State (And Never Has Been)". Time.
2. ^ "Chapter 458: Crime Victim Rights" (PDF). p. 4–6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
3. ^ "Chapter 534: Ethics Commission" (PDF). pp. 1–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
4. ^ MacPherson, James (November 8, 2022). "North Dakota voters OK term limits for governor, legislators". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
5. ^ "ND lawmakers introduce resolution to change term limits measure passed by voters". KFYR. Archived from the original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
6. ^ "History of initiative and referendum in North Dakota" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
7. ^ Thorpe, Francis Newton (1909). The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the State, Territories, and Colonies Now Or Heretofore Forming the United States of America: New Jersey ; Philippine Island. U.S. Government Printing Office.
8. ^ "Amendments [North Dakota Constitution]". Archived from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
9. ^ "North Dakota Constitutional Convention Referendum, Amendment 2 (1970)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
10. ^ "North Dakota Constitution, Main Proposition (1972)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2024-03-19.

## External links

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* North Dakota Constitution

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State government of North Dakota

* State Capitol
* North Dakota Constitution
* Coat of Arms
* Flag
* Seal

Executive branch|

* Governor
* Agriculture Commissioner
* Attorney General
* Auditor
* Insurance Commissioner
* Lieutenant Governor
* Secretary of State
* Superintendent of Public Instruction
* Tax Commissioner
* Treasurer
* State Cabinet

Legislative branch|

* Legislative Assembly
* House of Representatives
* Senate

Judicial branch|

* Court System
* Supreme Court
* Court of Appeals
* District Court
* Municipal Courts

Departments and divisions|

* Agriculture
* Career and Technical Education
* Commerce
* Corrections and Rehabilitation
* Emergency Services
* Financial Institutions
* Game and Fish
* Health
* Human Services
* Labor
* Land
* Office of Management and Budget
* Parks and Recreation
* Public Instruction
* Securities
* Seed
* Transportation
* Veterans Affairs

Boards and commissions|

* Board of Higher Education
* Industrial Commission
* Bank of North Dakota
* Mineral Resources
* State Mill and Elevator
* Public Service Commission
* Water Commission

Other|

* Highway Patrol
* State Library
* State Penitentiary
* Vision Services/School for the Blind
* State School for the Deaf
* University System

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Federal district|

Washington, D.C.

Territories|

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