Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem

American diplomatic mission to the Palestinians

Consulate General of the United States of America Jerusalem

The Consulate-General's former Agron Street premises

Location| Jerusalem
Coordinates| 31°44′52″N 35°13′29″E﻿ / ﻿31.747816°N 35.224632°E﻿ / 31.747816; 35.224632

The Consulate General of the United States in Jerusalem was a diplomatic mission of the United States of America that provided consular services to Palestinian residents in Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. It was not accredited to any government. In May 2018, the United States relocated its Tel Aviv embassy to Jerusalem,[2][3] and in mid-October 2018, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced that the consulate general would be merged with the new US Embassy in Jerusalem and that relations with the Palestinians would be conducted through a special Palestinian Affairs Unit inside the embassy.[4] On 4 March 2019, the consulate general was merged into the US Embassy and formally ceased operations.[5][6][7][8] In May 2021, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that Washington will reopen the consulate, without specifying a date. In September 2021, Palestinian Authority Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh called on the US administration to speed up the reopening of the consulate general in Jerusalem to handle direct contacts with the Palestinians.[9]

## History

[edit]

The U.S. consulate first opened in 1844 in the Old City, inside Jaffa Gate, in what is now the Swedish Christian Study Center. In the late 19th century, the consulate moved to a site on the Street of the Prophets. In 1912, it moved to Gershon Agron Street, in present-day West Jerusalem. The main building, one of the first houses built outside the Old City walls, was constructed in 1868 by Ferdinand Vester, a German Lutheran missionary. A third story was added later. On 23 May 1948, the Consul General, Thomas C. Wasson, was assassinated. In 1952, the consulate leased a second building which provided American citizen and visa services on Nablus Road, East Jerusalem.[10]

### Trump Administration and US Embassy

[edit]

On 14 May 2018, the new embassy of the United States in Jerusalem opened on a small part of the Arnona site of the Jerusalem Consulate General, and became the new diplomatic mission of the United States to the State of Israel, replacing the former embassy of the United States in Tel Aviv.[2][3] Of the 1,000 employees at the Tel Aviv embassy, about 50 transferred to the Jerusalem embassy.[11]

The Consulate General continued to operate as an independent mission from its historic Agron Road site.[3] The opening of the Jerusalem Embassy took place on the 70th anniversary of the formation of modern Israel. Palestinians protested the relocation at the border, during which more than 40 Palestinians demonstrators were killed.[12]

### Merger into US Embassy

[edit]

On 18 October 2018, the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced that the US would be merging the US Consulate General with the newly-relocated US Embassy in Jerusalem into a single mission. Pompeo also announced that the US would continue to conduct its reporting, outreach and program in the Palestinian Territories through a new Palestinian Affairs Unit inside the US Embassy in Jerusalem. This unit will operate from the Agron Road site in Jerusalem.[4] While the announcement was welcomed by the Israeli Government, Palestinian officials accused the Trump Administration for supporting Israel's claim to Jerusalem.[13][14][15][16]

On 19 February 2019, it was reported that the US Consulate General would be merging into the US Embassy in March 2019.[17][18][19] On 4 March 2019, the functions of the consulate general were merged into the US Embassy and the consulate general ceased operating, ending the US practice of having separate diplomatic missions to the Israelis and Palestinians. The former Consulate General's Agron Road building was renamed the Palestinian Affairs Unit, to carry out many of the former Consulate General's functions. The last Consul-General was Karen Sasahara.[5][6][7][8]

In response to the Consulate General's merger into the US Embassy, Saeb Erekat, the secretary-general of the PLO's Executive Committee urged the international community to boycott the new Palestinian Affairs Unit.[20][21][22] Meanwhile, fellow Executive Committee member Hanan Ashrawi called the closure of the Consulate General "an assault on Palestinian rights and identity."[23]

### Reopening

[edit]

In May 2021, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken in the Biden administration announced that Washington will reopen the consulate, without specifying a date. In September 2021, Palestinian Authority Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh called on the US administration to speed up the reopening of the consulate general in Jerusalem to handle direct contacts with the Palestinians.[24]

In June 2022, the United States Government redesignated the Palestinian Affairs Unit (PUA) as the U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs (OPA). While the OPA is still considered part of the US Embassy in Jerusalem, it reports directly to the State Department's Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.[25]

## Location

[edit]

The US Consulate General was located on 18 Gershon Agron Street and once operated a consular section on 14 David Flusser Street, Arnona in West Jerusalem.[26] Until 2010, citizen and visa services operated out of the building at 27 Nablus Road in East Jerusalem.[10] In October 2010, consular services were moved to a new building complex (just east of the Arnona neighborhood of West Jerusalem) bisected by the Green Line and thus partly in what was defined in 1949 as No Man's Land.[27]

On May 14, 2018, the new US Embassy in Jerusalem moved into the Arnona consular section annex compound of the Jerusalem Consulate General which continued to exist. The space now houses the Ambassador and a small staff. The Ambassador splits his time between the two locations. The remaining embassy functions are to be conducted out of the former Tel Aviv Embassy now officially referred to as a branch office of the embassy. Most consular functions of the still previous consulate now operate under Embassy authority.[2][3] The embassy compound is located on a parcel of land that straddles the unsettled boundary Green Line into a No Man's Land so designated at the 1949 armistice agreement between Jordan and Israel that ended the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.[28][29]

## List of Consuls

[edit]

* Warder Cresson, 1844-1848
* John Warren Gorham, 1858-1860
* William R. Page, 1860-1861
* Franklin Olcott, 1861-1862
* Isaac Van Eltten, 1863
* Albert Rhodes, 1863-1864
* Victor Beauboucher, 1865-1866
* Richard Beardsley, 1870-1873
* Frank S. DeHass, 1873-1877
* Joseph G. Wilson, 1877-1882
* Selah Merrill, 1882-1885
* Nageeb Arbeely, 1885-1886
* Henry Gillman, 1886-1891
* Selah Merrill, 1891-1893
* Edwin S. Wallace, 1893-1898
* Selah Merrill, 1898-1907
* Thomas R. Wallace, 1907-1910
* William Coffin, 1910-1913
* Otis A. Glazebrook, 1914-1920
* Oscar S. Heizer, 1920-Sep. 1928
* Paul Knabenshue, Sep. 1928-1930
* Cyril Thiel, 1932
* Ely Palmer, 1933-1935
* George Wadsworth, III, 1935-1940
* Lowell Pinkerton, 1941-1945
* Robert Macatee, 1946-1948
* Thomas C. Wasson, 1948
* William C. Burdette (acting), May-June 1948
* John J. MacDonald, June-October 1948
* William C. Burdette, October 1948-1949
* Raleigh A. Gibson, 1949-1950
* Roger S. Tyler Jr., 1951-July 1954
* William Edward Cole Jr., July 1954-August 1957
* Albert Franklin, 1957-1960
* Eric Wendelin, 1960-1962
* William L. Hamilton Jr., 1962-1964
* Evan M. Wilson, 1964-1967
* Stephen Campbell, 1967-1971
* Arthur R. Day, 1972-1975
* Michael H. Newlin, 1975-1980
* Brandon Grove, 1980-1982
* Wat T. Cluverius IV, 1983-1985
* Morris Draper, Feb. 1986-1988
* Philip C. Wilcox Jr., 1988-1991
* Molly Williamson, 1991-1993
* Edward Abington Jr., 1993-1997
* John E. Herbst, 1998-2000
* Ronald L. Schlicher, 2000-2002
* Jeffrey D. Feltman, 2002-2003
* David D. Pearce, 2003-2005
* Jacob Walles, 2005-2009
* Daniel Rubinstein, 2009-2012
* Michael Ratney, 2012-2015
* Donald Blome, 2015-2018
* Karen Sasahara, 2018-2019

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal
* Israel portal
* Palestine portal

* Israel–United States relations
* Palestine–United States relations
* Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
* Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States
* U.S. Office of Palestinian Affairs
* List of diplomatic missions of the United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Consul General Karen Sasahara". U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
2. ^ a b c Wilner, Michael (February 23, 2018). "U.S. CONFIRMS JERUSALEM EMBASSY OPENING IN MAY". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
3. ^ a b c d Nauert, Heather. "Opening of U.S. Embassy Jerusalem". United States Department of State. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
4. ^ a b Pompeo, Mike (October 19, 2018). "On the Merging of U.S. Embassy Jerusalem and U.S. Consulate General Jerusalem". U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem. Archived from the original on February 11, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
5. ^ a b Palladino, Robert (March 4, 2019). "Merger of U.S. Embassy Jerusalem and U.S. Consulate General Jerusalem". U.S. Embassy in Israel. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019. "On March 4, 2019, U.S. Consulate General Jerusalem will merge into U.S. Embassy Jerusalem to form a single diplomatic mission. This step follows Secretary Pompeo's October 18, 2018 announcement that the two missions and teams would be combined."
6. ^ a b "US closes Jerusalem consulate, demoting Palestinian mission". Times of Israel. Associated Press. March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
7. ^ a b Hansler, Jennifer (March 4, 2019). "US Consulate in Jerusalem will merge with embassy". CNN. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
8. ^ a b Keinon, Herb; Lazaroff, Tovah (March 4, 2019). "US Consulate for Palestinians to be merged with Embassy Monday". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
9. ^ Shtayyeh urges US to hurry and reopen Jerusalem consulate
10. ^ a b "About the Consulate Archived July 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." Consulate-General of the United States in Jerusalem. Retrieved on January 16, 2009.
11. ^ Schneider, Tal; Zerachovitz, Omri; Barkat, Amiram (May 14, 2018). "US Jerusalem embassy opening starts long process". Globes. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
12. ^ Wagner, Meg; Ries, Brian (May 15, 2018). "Dozens die in Gaza as US Embassy opens in Jerusalem". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
13. ^ "U.S. to merge Jerusalem consulate in to new embassy". Reuters. October 19, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
14. ^ Holmes, Oliver (October 18, 2018). "US downgrades consulate for Palestinians into Israel embassy unit". The Guardian. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
15. ^ "Erekat slams US' decision to merge US Jerusalem consulate and embassy". Wafa. October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
16. ^ Wilner, Michael (October 18, 2018). "U.S. merges Jerusalem embassy and consulate". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
17. ^ "US Palestinian mission to merge with Israeli embassy next month". Ynetnews. February 19, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
18. ^ "U.S. Palestinian mission to merge with Israel embassy in March". Euronews. Reuters. February 19, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
19. ^ Correll, Diana (February 19, 2019). "US Palestinian mission, Israeli embassy to merge in March". Washington Examiner. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
20. ^ "Palestinians call on diplomats to boycott US embassy in Jerusalem". Middle East Monitor. March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
21. ^ "Palestinian negotiator calls for boycott of new US embassy unit". Times of Israel. Associated Press. March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
22. ^ Benari, Elad (March 8, 2019). "Erekat calls for boycott of US Embassy in Jerusalem". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
23. ^ Dalloul, Motasem (March 5, 2019). "The merger of the US consulate and embassy in Jerusalem completes the humiliation of the Palestinians". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
24. ^ Toameh, Khaled Abu; Lazaroff, Tova (September 4, 2021). "Shtayyeh urges US to hurry and reopen Jerusalem consulate". Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
25. ^ "US Palestinian mission renamed and now reports directly to Washington". The Guardian. Reuters. June 9, 2022. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
26. ^ "Consulate". US Consulate General in Jerusalem. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
27. ^ American consulate relocates to high-end area
28. ^ Farrell, Stephen; Lubell, Maayan (May 15, 2018). "U.S. Jerusalem embassy lies 'at the end of the world'". Reuters. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
29. ^ Kershner, Isabel (March 7, 2018). "New U.S. Embassy May Be in Jerusalem, but Not in Israel Image". The New York Times. Retrieved October 21, 2018.

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[edit]

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