Conversion of scales of temperature

Comparison of various temperature scales

This is a collection of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.

Temperatures on scales that either do not share a numeric zero or are nonlinearly related cannot correctly be mathematically equated (related using the symbol =), and thus temperatures on different scales are more correctly described as corresponding (related using the symbol ≘).[citation needed]

## Celsius scale

[edit]

Further information: Celsius

Temperature conversions  | from Celsius | to Celsius

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Kelvin  | x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K  | x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C
Fahrenheit  | x °C ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ + 32) °F  | x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C
Rankine  | x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × ⁠9/5⁠ °R  | x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C

## Kelvin scale

[edit]

Further information: Kelvin

Temperature conversions  | from Kelvin | to Kelvin

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Celsius  | x K ≘ (x − 273.15) °C  | x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) K
Fahrenheit  | x K ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ − 459.67) °F  | x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ K
Rankine  | x K ≘ x × ⁠9/5⁠ °R  | x °R ≘ x × ⁠5/9⁠ K

## Fahrenheit scale

[edit]

Further information: Fahrenheit

Temperature conversions  | from Fahrenheit | to Fahrenheit

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Celsius  | x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C  | x °C ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ + 32) °F
Kelvin  | x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ K  | x K ≘ (x × ⁠9/5⁠ − 459.67) °F
Rankine  | x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R  | x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F

## Rankine scale

[edit]

Further information: Rankine scale

Temperature conversions  | from Rankine | to Rankine

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Celsius  | x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠5/9⁠ °C  | x °C ≘ (x + 273.15) × ⁠9/5⁠ °R
Kelvin  | x °R ≘ x × ⁠5/9⁠ K  | x K ≘ x × ⁠9/5⁠ °R
Fahrenheit  | x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F  | x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R

## Delisle scale

[edit]

Further information: Delisle scale

Temperature conversions  | from Delisle | to Delisle

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Celsius  | x °De ≘ (100 − x × ⁠2/3⁠) °C  | x °C ≘ (100 − x) × ⁠3/2⁠ °De
Kelvin  | x °De ≘ (373.15 − x × ⁠2/3⁠) K  | x K ≘ (373.15 − x) × ⁠3/2⁠ °De
Fahrenheit  | x °De ≘ (212 − x × ⁠6/5⁠) °F  | x °F ≘ (212 − x) × ⁠5/6⁠ °De
Rankine  | x °De ≘ (671.67 − x × ⁠6/5⁠) °R  | x °R ≘ (671.67 − x) × ⁠5/6⁠ °De

## Newton scale

[edit]

Further information: Newton scale

Not to be confused with newton (a unit of force).

Temperature conversions  | from Newton | to Newton

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Celsius  | x °N ≘ x × ⁠100/33⁠ °C  | x °C ≘ x × ⁠33/100⁠ °N
Kelvin  | x °N ≘ (x × ⁠100/33⁠ + 273.15) K  | x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × ⁠33/100⁠ °N
Fahrenheit  | x °N ≘ (x × ⁠60/11⁠ + 32) °F  | x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠11/60⁠ °N
Rankine  | x °N ≘ (⁠60/11⁠ x + 491.67) °R  | x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠11/60⁠ °N

## Réaumur scale

[edit]

Further information: Réaumur scale

Temperature conversions  | from Réaumur | to Réaumur

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Celsius  | x °Ré ≘ x × ⁠5/4⁠ °C  | x °C ≘ x × ⁠4/5⁠ °Ré
Kelvin  | x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠5/4⁠ + 273.15) K  | x K ≘ (x − 273.15) × ⁠4/5⁠ °Ré
Fahrenheit  | x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠9/4⁠ + 32) °F  | x °F ≘ (x − 32) × ⁠4/9⁠ °Ré
Rankine  | x °Ré ≘ (x × ⁠9/4⁠ + 491.67) °R  | x °R ≘ (x − 491.67) × ⁠4/9⁠ °Ré

## Rømer scale

[edit]

Further information: Rømer scale

Temperature conversions  | from Rømer | to Rømer

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Celsius  | x °Rø ≘ (x − 7.5) × ⁠40/21⁠ °C  | x °C ≘ (x × ⁠21/40⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Kelvin  | x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠40/21⁠ + 273.15) K  | x K ≘ ((x − 273.15) × ⁠21/40⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Fahrenheit  | x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠24/7⁠ + 32) °F  | x °F ≘ ((x − 32) × ⁠7/24⁠ + 7.5) °Rø
Rankine  | x °Rø ≘ ((x − 7.5) × ⁠24/7⁠ + 491.67) °R  | x °R ≘ ((x − 491.67) × ⁠7/24⁠ + 7.5) °Rø

## Conversion calculator

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Temperature Conversion Calculator  Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer

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0 | 32 | 273.15 | 491.67 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 7.5

## Comparison values chart

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Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer

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500.00 | 932.00 | 773.15 | 1391.67 | −600.00 | 165.00 | 400.00 | 270.00
490.00 | 914.00 | 763.15 | 1373.67 | −585.00 | 161.70 | 392.00 | 264.75
480.00 | 896.00 | 753.15 | 1355.67 | −570.00 | 158.40 | 384.00 | 259.50
470.00 | 878.00 | 743.15 | 1337.67 | −555.00 | 155.10 | 376.00 | 254.25
460.00 | 860.00 | 733.15 | 1319.67 | −540.00 | 151.80 | 368.00 | 249.00
450.00 | 842.00 | 723.15 | 1301.67 | −525.00 | 148.50 | 360.00 | 243.75
440.00 | 824.00 | 713.15 | 1283.67 | −510.00 | 145.20 | 352.00 | 238.50
430.00 | 806.00 | 703.15 | 1265.67 | −495.00 | 141.90 | 344.00 | 233.25
420.00 | 788.00 | 693.15 | 1247.67 | −480.00 | 138.60 | 336.00 | 228.00
410.00 | 770.00 | 683.15 | 1229.67 | −465.00 | 135.30 | 328.00 | 222.75
400.00 | 752.00 | 673.15 | 1211.67 | −450.00 | 132.00 | 320.00 | 217.50
390.00 | 734.00 | 663.15 | 1193.67 | −435.00 | 128.70 | 312.00 | 212.25
380.00 | 716.00 | 653.15 | 1175.67 | −420.00 | 125.40 | 304.00 | 207.00
370.00 | 698.00 | 643.15 | 1157.67 | −405.00 | 122.10 | 296.00 | 201.75
360.00 | 680.00 | 633.15 | 1139.67 | −390.00 | 118.80 | 288.00 | 196.50
350.00 | 662.00 | 623.15 | 1121.67 | −375.00 | 115.50 | 280.00 | 191.25
340.00 | 644.00 | 613.15 | 1103.67 | −360.00 | 112.20 | 272.00 | 186.00
330.00 | 626.00 | 603.15 | 1085.67 | −345.00 | 108.90 | 264.00 | 180.75
320.00 | 608.00 | 593.15 | 1067.67 | −330.00 | 105.60 | 256.00 | 175.50
310.00 | 590.00 | 583.15 | 1049.67 | −315.00 | 102.30 | 248.00 | 170.25
300.00 | 572.00 | 573.15 | 1031.67 | −300.00 | 99.00 | 240.00 | 165.00
290.00 | 554.00 | 563.15 | 1013.67 | −285.00 | 95.70 | 232.00 | 159.75
280.00 | 536.00 | 553.15 | 995.67 | −270.00 | 92.40 | 224.00 | 154.50
270.00 | 518.00 | 543.15 | 977.67 | −255.00 | 89.10 | 216.00 | 149.25
260.00 | 500.00 | 533.15 | 959.67 | −240.00 | 85.80 | 208.00 | 144.00
250.00 | 482.00 | 523.15 | 941.67 | −225.00 | 82.50 | 200.00 | 138.75
240.00 | 464.00 | 513.15 | 923.67 | −210.00 | 79.20 | 192.00 | 133.50
230.00 | 446.00 | 503.15 | 905.67 | −195.00 | 75.90 | 184.00 | 128.25
220.00 | 428.00 | 493.15 | 887.67 | −180.00 | 72.60 | 176.00 | 123.00
210.00 | 410.00 | 483.15 | 869.67 | −165.00 | 69.30 | 168.00 | 117.75
200.00 | 392.00 | 473.15 | 851.67 | −150.00 | 66.00 | 160.00 | 112.50
190.00 | 374.00 | 463.15 | 833.67 | −135.00 | 62.70 | 152.00 | 107.25
180.00 | 356.00 | 453.15 | 815.67 | −120.00 | 59.40 | 144.00 | 102.00
170.00 | 338.00 | 443.15 | 797.67 | −105.00 | 56.10 | 136.00 | 96.75
160.00 | 320.00 | 433.15 | 779.67 | −90.00 | 52.80 | 128.00 | 91.50
150.00 | 302.00 | 423.15 | 761.67 | −75.00 | 49.50 | 120.00 | 86.25
140.00 | 284.00 | 413.15 | 743.67 | −60.00 | 46.20 | 112.00 | 81.00
130.00 | 266.00 | 403.15 | 725.67 | −45.00 | 42.90 | 104.00 | 75.75
120.00 | 248.00 | 393.15 | 707.67 | −30.00 | 39.60 | 96.00 | 70.50
110.00 | 230.00 | 383.15 | 689.67 | −15.00 | 36.30 | 88.00 | 65.25
100.00 | 212.00 | 373.15 | 671.67 | 0.00 | 33.00 | 80.00 | 60.00
90.00 | 194.00 | 363.15 | 653.67 | 15.00 | 29.70 | 72.00 | 54.75
80.00 | 176.00 | 353.15 | 635.67 | 30.00 | 26.40 | 64.00 | 49.50
70.00 | 158.00 | 343.15 | 617.67 | 45.00 | 23.10 | 56.00 | 44.25
60.00 | 140.00 | 333.15 | 599.67 | 60.00 | 19.80 | 48.00 | 39.00
50.00 | 122.00 | 323.15 | 581.67 | 75.00 | 16.50 | 40.00 | 33.75
40.00 | 104.00 | 313.15 | 563.67 | 90.00 | 13.20 | 32.00 | 28.50
30.00 | 86.00 | 303.15 | 545.67 | 105.00 | 9.90 | 24.00 | 23.25
20.00 | 68.00 | 293.15 | 527.67 | 120.00 | 6.60 | 16.00 | 18.00
10.00 | 50.00 | 283.15 | 509.67 | 135.00 | 3.30 | 8.00 | 12.75
0.00 | 32.00 | 273.15 | 491.67 | 150.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.50
−10.00 | 14.00 | 263.15 | 473.67 | 165.00 | −3.30 | −8.00 | 2.25
−14.26 | 6.29 | 258.86 | 465.96 | 171.43 | −4.71 | −11.43 | 0.00
−17.78 | 0.00 | 255.37 | 459.67 | 176.67 | −5.87 | −14.22 | −1.83
−20.00 | −4.00 | 253.15 | 455.67 | 180.00 | −6.60 | −16.00 | −3.00
−30.00 | −22.00 | 243.15 | 437.67 | 195.00 | −9.90 | −24.00 | −8.25
−40.00 | −40.00 | 233.15 | 419.67 | 210.00 | −13.20 | −32.00 | −13.50
−50.00 | −58.00 | 223.15 | 401.67 | 225.00 | −16.50 | −40.00 | −18.75
−60.00 | −76.00 | 213.15 | 383.67 | 240.00 | −19.80 | −48.00 | −24.00
−70.00 | −94.00 | 203.15 | 365.67 | 255.00 | −23.10 | −56.00 | −29.25
−80.00 | −112.00 | 193.15 | 347.67 | 270.00 | −26.40 | −64.00 | −34.50
−90.00 | −130.00 | 183.15 | 329.67 | 285.00 | −29.70 | −72.00 | −39.75
−100.00 | −148.00 | 173.15 | 311.67 | 300.00 | −33.00 | −80.00 | −45.00
−110.00 | −166.00 | 163.15 | 293.67 | 315.00 | −36.30 | −88.00 | −50.25
−120.00 | −184.00 | 153.15 | 275.67 | 330.00 | −39.60 | −96.00 | −55.50
−130.00 | −202.00 | 143.15 | 257.67 | 345.00 | −42.90 | −104.00 | −60.75
−140.00 | −220.00 | 133.15 | 239.67 | 360.00 | −46.20 | −112.00 | −66.00
−150.00 | −238.00 | 123.15 | 221.67 | 375.00 | −49.50 | −120.00 | −71.25
−160.00 | −256.00 | 113.15 | 203.67 | 390.00 | −52.80 | −128.00 | −76.50
−170.00 | −274.00 | 103.15 | 185.67 | 405.00 | −56.10 | −136.00 | −81.75
−180.00 | −292.00 | 93.15 | 167.67 | 420.00 | −59.40 | −144.00 | −87.00
−190.00 | −310.00 | 83.15 | 149.67 | 435.00 | −62.70 | −152.00 | −92.25
−200.00 | −328.00 | 73.15 | 131.67 | 450.00 | −66.00 | −160.00 | −97.50
−210.00 | −346.00 | 63.15 | 113.67 | 465.00 | −69.30 | −168.00 | −102.75
−220.00 | −364.00 | 53.15 | 95.67 | 480.00 | −72.60 | −176.00 | −108.00
−230.00 | −382.00 | 43.15 | 77.67 | 495.00 | −75.90 | −184.00 | −113.25
−240.00 | −400.00 | 33.15 | 59.67 | 510.00 | −79.20 | −192.00 | −118.50
−250.00 | −418.00 | 23.15 | 41.67 | 525.00 | −82.50 | −200.00 | −123.75
−260.00 | −436.00 | 13.15 | 23.67 | 540.00 | −85.80 | −208.00 | −129.00
−270.00 | −454.00 | 3.15 | 5.67 | 555.00 | −89.10 | −216.00 | −134.25
−273.15 | −459.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 559.725 | −90.1395 | −218.52 | −135.90375
Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer

## Comparison of temperature scales

[edit]

Comparison of temperature scales Comment  | Kelvin | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer

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Absolute zero | 0.00  | −273.15  | −459.67  | 0.00  | 559.73  | −90.14  | −218.52  | −135.90
Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] | 184  | −89.2[1] | −128.6[1] | 331  | 284  | −29  | −71  | −39
Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture  | 255.37  | −17.78  | 0.00  | 459.67  | 176.67  | −5.87  | −14.22  | −1.83
Ice melts (at standard pressure)  | 273.15  | 0.00  | 32.00  | 491.67  | 150.00  | 0.00  | 0.00  | 7.50
Triple point of water  | 273.16  | 0.01  | 32.018  | 491.688  | 149.985  | 0.0033  | 0.008  | 7.50525
Average surface temperature on Earth  | 288  | 15  | 59  | 519  | 128  | 5  | 12  | 15
Average human body temperature*  | 310  | 37  | 98  | 558  | 95  | 12  | 29  | 27
Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] | 331  | 58[2] | 136.4[2] | 596  | 63  | 19  | 46  | 38
Water boils (at standard pressure)  | 373.1339  | 99.9839  | 211.97102  | 671.64102  | 0.00  | 33.00  | 80.00  | 60.00
Titanium melts  | 1941  | 1668  | 3034  | 3494  | −2352  | 550  | 1334  | 883
The surface of the Sun | 5800  | 5500  | 9900  | 10400  | −8100  | 1800  | 4400  | 2900

* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.[3]

Some numbers in this table have been rounded.

### Graphical representation

[edit]

| Rankine (°R)

|

Kelvin (K)
Fahrenheit (°F)
Celsius (°C)
Réaumur (°Ré)
Rømer (°Rø)
Newton (°N)
Delisle (°D)
| Absolute zero | Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[1] | Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture | Melting point of ice (at standard pressure)  | Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C)  | Average human body temperature (37 °C)  | Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth[2] | Boiling point of water (at standard pressure)  |  |

## Conversion table between the different temperature units

[edit]

## Converting units of temperature differences

[edit]

Converting units of temperature differences (also referred to as temperature deltas) is not the same as converting absolute temperature values, and different formulae must be used.

To convert a delta temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, the formula is {ΔT}°F = ⁠9/5⁠{ΔT}°C.

To convert a delta temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin, it is 1:1 ({ΔT}°C = {ΔT}K).

## See also

[edit]

* Outline of metrology and measurement
* Degree of frost
* Conversion of units
* Gas mark

## Notes and references

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth; researchers of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
2. ^ a b c d "World: Highest Temperature". Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences. November 12, 2007. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. "an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned.""
3. ^ Wong, Lena (1997). Elert, Glenn (ed.). "Temperature of a healthy human (body temperature)". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2018-06-07.

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* t
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Scales of temperature

* Celsius
* Delisle
* Fahrenheit
* Gas mark
* Kelvin
* Leiden
* Newton
* Rankine
* Réaumur
* Rømer
* Wedgwood

Conversion formulas and comparison

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