Cornel West

American philosopher and political activist (born 1953)

For the residential section of Cornell University, see Cornell West Campus.

Cornel West

West in 2018

Born|

Cornel Ronald West

(1953-06-02) June 2, 1953 (age 70)

Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.

Education| Harvard University (BA)
Princeton University (MA, PhD)
Notable work|

* Race Matters (1993)
* Democracy Matters (2004)

Political party| Independent[5]
Other political
affiliations| Green (former)[6][7]
People's (former)
Spouses|

Hilda Holloman

(m. 1977, divorced)​

[8]

Ramona Santiago

(m. 1981; div. 1986)​

[9]

Elleni Gebre Amlak

(m. 1992, divorced)​

Leslie Kotkin

(m. 2015; div. 2018)​

Annahita Mahdavi

(m. 2021)​

Era| Contemporary philosophy
Region| Western philosophy
School|

* Neopragmatism[1]
* existentialism
* Africana philosophy
* historicism
* Christian socialism
* social democracy
* radical democracy
* Baptist Christianity[2]

Institutions| Union Theological Seminary
Yale University
Harvard University
Princeton University
Dartmouth College
Thesis| Ethics, Historicism and the Marxist Tradition (1980)
Doctoral advisor| Raymond Geuss, Sheldon Wolin[3]
Doctoral students| Leah Hunt-Hendrix[4]

Main interests

* Political philosophy
* philosophy of religion
* ethics
* race
* caste
* democracy
* liberation theology

Website| cornelwest.com

Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is an American philosopher, political activist, social critic, actor, and public intellectual.[12][13] The grandson of a Baptist minister, West's primary philosophy focuses on the roles of race, gender, and class struggle in American society. A socialist,[14][15] West draws intellectual contributions from multiple traditions, including Christianity, the black church, democratic socialism, left-wing populism, neopragmatism, and transcendentalism.[16][17][18][19] Among his most influential books are Race Matters (1993) and Democracy Matters (2004).

West is an outspoken voice in left-wing politics in the United States. During his career, he has held professorships and fellowships at Harvard University, Yale University, Union Theological Seminary, Princeton University, Dartmouth College, Pepperdine University, and the University of Paris.[20] He is a frequent commentator on politics and social questions in many media outlets.[21]

From 2010 through 2013, West co-hosted the radio program Smiley and West with Tavis Smiley.[22][23] He has been featured in several documentaries, and made appearances in Hollywood films such as The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, as well as providing commentary for both films. West has also made several spoken word and hip hop albums, and due to this work, has been named MTV's Artist of the Week.[24] West co-hosts a podcast entitled, The Tight Rope, with Tricia Rose. He is a frequent conversation partner with his friend Robert P. George, a prominent conservative intellectual, with the two often speaking together at colleges and universities on the meaning of liberal arts education, free speech, and civil dialogue.[25][26] In 2020, he was listed by Prospect magazine as the fourth-greatest thinker for the COVID-19 era.[27]

West is a third party candidate in the 2024 presidential election. After declaring his run with the People's Party in June 2023, he shortly thereafter announced he also was seeking the nomination of the Green Party.[6][7] In October 2023, he announced he was again switching his affiliation, and is now running as an independent candidate.[28]

## Early life and education[edit]

West was born on June 2, 1953, in Tulsa, Oklahoma,[29] and grew up in Sacramento, California, where he graduated from John F. Kennedy High School. His mother, Irene Rayshell (Bias), was a teacher and principal. His father, Clifton Louis West Jr., was a general contractor for the U.S. Department of Defense.[30] His grandfather, Clifton L. West Sr., was pastor of the Tulsa Metropolitan Baptist Church.[31] Irene B. West Elementary School in Elk Grove, California, is named after his mother.[32]

As a teen, West marched in civil rights demonstrations and organized protests demanding black studies courses at his high school, where he was the student body president. He later wrote that, in his youth, he admired "the sincere black militancy of Malcolm X, the defiant rage of the Black Panther Party, and the livid black theology of James Cone".[33]

In 1970, after graduation from high school, he enrolled at Harvard College and took classes taught by the philosophers Robert Nozick and Stanley Cavell. In 1973, West was graduated from Harvard magna cum laude in Near Eastern languages and civilization.[34] He credits Harvard with exposing him to a broader range of ideas and that he was influenced by his professors as well as the Black Panther Party. West says his Christianity prevented him from joining the BPP, instead choosing to work in local breakfast, prison, and church programs.[35] After completing his undergraduate work at Harvard, West enrolled at Princeton University, where he received a Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1980, completing a dissertation under the supervision of Raymond Geuss and Sheldon Wolin.[3] He became the first African American to graduate from Princeton with a PhD degree in philosophy.[36]

At Princeton, West was heavily influenced by the neopragmatism of Richard Rorty.[37] Rorty remained a close friend and colleague of West's for many years following West's graduation. The title of West's dissertation was Ethics, Historicism, and the Marxist Tradition,[38] which was later revised and published under the title The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought.[37]

## Career[edit]

### Academic appointments[edit]

In his late 20s, he returned to Harvard as a W. E. B. Du Bois Fellow before becoming an assistant professor at Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. In 1984, he went to Yale Divinity School in what eventually became a joint appointment in American studies. While at Yale, he participated in campus protests for a clerical labor union and divestment from apartheid South Africa. One of the protests resulted in his being arrested and jailed. As punishment, the university administration canceled his leave for the spring term in 1987, leading him to commute from Yale in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was teaching two classes, across the Atlantic Ocean to the University of Paris.[17]

He then returned to Union Theological Seminary for one year before going to Princeton to become a professor of religion and director of the program in African American Studies from 1988 to 1994.[17] After Princeton, he accepted an appointment as professor of African American studies at Harvard University, with a joint appointment at the Harvard Divinity School.[39] West taught one of the university's most popular courses, an introductory class on African American studies.[40] In 1998, he was appointed the first Alphonse Fletcher University Professor.[41] West used this new position to teach in not only African American studies, but also courses in divinity, religion, and philosophy.[39] West was also inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa in 1998 at SUNY Plattsburgh.

West left Harvard after a widely publicized [42] 2002 dispute with the university's then-president, Lawrence Summers.[43] That year, West returned to Princeton, where he helped found the Center for African American studies in 2006. In 2012, West left Princeton and returned to the institution where he began his teaching career, Union Theological Seminary.[44] His departure from Princeton was quite amicable. He continued to teach occasional courses at Princeton in an emeritus capacity as the Class of 1943 University Professor in the Center for African American Studies.[45]

West returned to Harvard in November 2016, leaving Union Theological Seminary for a nontenured position as Professor of the Practice of Public Philosophy. He was appointed jointly at the Harvard Divinity School and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of African and African American Studies.[46][47][48]

In February 2021, reports circulated that West was denied consideration for tenure at Harvard and that he had threatened to leave the university again.[49] On March 8, 2021, West announced that he would leave Harvard and move to the Union Theological Seminary in Manhattan.[50][51][52] He submitted a resignation letter to Harvard on June 30, 2021.[53] West implied that the decision to deny him tenure was retaliation for his critical stance on Israel and the Palestinian cause. West wrote:

> Is Harvard a place for a free Black man like myself whose Christian faith and witness put equal value on Palestinian and Jewish babies – like all babies – and reject all occupations as immoral?

More than 90 organizations at Harvard, signed a petition stating that the denial of tenure to West was "a testament to Harvard's continued expulsion of faculty who offer incisive analysis of white supremacy, racial capitalism, Zionism, and the military-industrial complex, all of which Professor West fervently critiques".[54][non-primary source needed]

On July 1, 2021, West rejoined the faculty of Union Theological Seminary in Manhattan, holding the prestigious Dietrich Bonhoeffer Chair. Affiliated with Columbia University, since 1928, Union Theological Seminary in the city of New York has served as the Columbia University constituent faculty of theology.

The recipient of more than 20 honorary degrees and an American Book Award,[16] West has written or contributed to more than twenty published books. West is a long-time member of the Democratic Socialists of America, for which he formerly served as honorary chair.[17] He is also a co-founder of the Network of Spiritual Progressives.[55] West is on the advisory board of the International Bridges to Justice.[56] In 2008, he received a special recognition from the World Cultural Council.[57] West is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity and its World Policy Council, a think tank whose purpose is to expand involvement of Alpha Phi Alpha in politics and social and current policy to encompass international concerns.[58]

West has been compared to W. E. B. Du Bois as a prolific African American thinker. He has been cited as "[p]erhaps the most influential contemporary recover of Du Bois".[59] By establishing West within Du Bois's tradition of racial thought, scholars emphasize the similarities in their intellectual positions and their aesthetic presences. They crafted their physical attire to match that of disciplined men of the black race and both Du Bois and West often wore multiple-piece suits and ties. Their modest clothing choices similarly reflected Du Bois's belief in "the mind and the body as disciplined and contained".[60]

West has been widely cited in the popular press.[61] His scholarship has been criticized as well as praised; The New Republic literary editor Leon Wieseltier called West's writing "sectarian, humorless, pedantic, and self-endeared".[62]

In 1997, West was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society,[63] and in 1999, to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[20]

### Broadcast, film, and recording[edit]

West appears as Councillor West in both The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions and also provides the voice for this character in the video game Enter the Matrix.[64] In addition, West provides philosophical commentary on all three Matrix films in The Ultimate Matrix Collection, along with the integral theorist Ken Wilber.[65]

He has made several appearances in documentary films, such as the 2008 film Examined Life, a documentary featuring several academics discussing philosophy in real-world contexts. West, "driving through Manhattan, ... compares philosophy to jazz and blues, reminding us how intense and invigorating a life of the mind can be".[66] He also appears in conversation with Bill Withers in the 2009 documentary Still Bill.

West has made frequent appearances on the political talk show Real Time with Bill Maher.[67]

A character based on West and events in his career appeared in the Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Anti-Thesis", significant for introducing the recurring villain character Nicole Wallace.[68]

In May 2012, West guest-starred in the sixth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?".[69]

West recorded a recitation of John Mellencamp's song "Jim Crow" for inclusion on the singer's box set On the Rural Route 7609 in 2009.[70]

In 2010, he completed recording with the Cornel West Theory, a hip hop band endorsed by West.[70]

He also has released several hip-hop-soul-spoken word albums. In 2001, West released his first album, Sketches of My Culture.[71] Street Knowledge followed in 2004.[72] In 2007, West released his third album entitled, Never Forget: A Journey of Revelations, that included collaborations with the likes of Prince, Talib Kweli, Jill Scott, Andre 3000, KRS-One, and the late Gerald Levert.[73] West appeared on Immortal Technique's song "Sign of the Times", which appeared on the 2011 album The Martyr.[74] In 2012, he was featured on Brother Ali's song "Letter to My Countrymen", which appeared on the album Mourning in America and Dreaming in Color.[75]

In April 2019, Robert P. George and West participated in an "assembly series" discussion at Washington University in St. Louis entitled "Liberal Arts Education: What's The Point?"[76]

West is also the co-host, along with Tricia Rose, of the podcast The Tight Rope.[77]

## Dispute with Lawrence Summers[edit]

In 2000, economist and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers became president of Harvard. Soon after, Summers held a private meeting with West, in which he reportedly rebuked West for missing too many classes, contributing to grade inflation, neglecting serious scholarship, and spending too much time on his financially profitable projects.[78] Summers reportedly suggested that West produce an academic book befitting his professorial position, as his recent output had consisted primarily of co-written and edited volumes. According to some reports, Summers also objected to West's production of a CD, the critically panned Sketches of My Culture, and to his political campaigning, including spending an alleged three weeks to promote Bill Bradley's 2000 presidential campaign.[79] West contended he had missed only one class during his time at Harvard "in order to give a keynote address at a Harvard-sponsored conference on AIDS". Summers also allegedly suggested that since West held the rank of Harvard University Professor and thus reported directly to the president, he should meet with Summers regularly to discuss the progress of his academic production.[80]

Summers refused to comment on the details of his conversation with West, except to express hope that West would remain at Harvard. Soon after, West was hospitalized for prostate cancer. West noted that Summers failed to send him get-well wishes until weeks after his surgery, whereas newly installed Princeton president Shirley Tilghman had contacted him frequently before and after his treatment.[80] In 2002, West left Harvard University to return to Princeton. West lashed out at Summers in public interviews, calling him "the Ariel Sharon of higher education" on the NPR program The Tavis Smiley Show.[81] In response to these remarks, five Princeton faculty members, led by professor of molecular biology Jacques Robert Fresco, said they looked with "strong disfavor upon his characterization" of Summers and that "such an analogy carries innuendoes and implications ... that many on the Princeton faculty find highly inappropriate, indeed repugnant and intolerable".[82] Harvard's undergraduate student newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, suggested in October 2002 that the premise of the Law and Order: Criminal Intent episode "Anti-Thesis" was based on West's conflicts with Summers.[83]

## Activism[edit]

### Views on race in the United States[edit]

West discussing race and human nature in 2019

West has called the U.S. a "racist patriarchal" nation where white supremacy continues to define everyday life. "White America", he writes, "has been historically weak-willed in ensuring racial justice and has continued to resist fully accepting the humanity of blacks." He goes on to say this has created many "degraded and oppressed people hungry for identity, meaning, and self-worth." West attributes most of the black community's problems to "existential angst derive[d] from the lived experience of ontological wounds and emotional scars inflicted by white supremacist beliefs and images permeating U.S. society and culture."[84]

In West's view, the September 11 attacks "gave white Americans a glimpse of what it means to be a black person in the United States", feeling "unsafe, unprotected, subject to random violence, and hatred for who they are".[85] "The ugly terrorist attacks on innocent civilians on 9/11", he said, "plunged the whole country into the blues."[85]

West was arrested on October 13, 2014, while protesting against the shooting of Michael Brown and participating in Ferguson October,[86][87] and again on August 10, 2015, while demonstrating outside a courthouse in St. Louis on the one-year anniversary of Brown's death.[88] The 2015 documentary film #Bars4Justice includes footage of West demonstrating and being arrested in Ferguson.[89]

### Politics[edit]

West (left) with Robert P. George (right) in 2018

West has described himself as a "non-Marxist socialist" (partly because he does not view Marxism and Christianity as reconcilable)[90] and previously served as honorary chairman of the Democratic Socialists of America, which he has described as "the first multiracial, socialist organization close enough to my politics that I could join."[17] In the Matrix-themed documentary entitled, The Burly Man Chronicles, he described himself as a "radical democrat, suspicious of all forms of authority".[91]

West believes that "the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's ugly totalitarian regime was desirable",[92] but that the war in Iraq was the result of "dishonest manipulation" on the part of the Bush administration.[93] He asserts that Bush administration hawks "are not simply conservative elites and right-wing ideologues", but rather are "evangelical nihilists – drunk with power and driven by grand delusions of American domination of the world". He adds, "[we now] are experiencing the sad gangsterization of America, an unbridled grasp at power, wealth, and status". Viewing capitalism as the root cause of these alleged American lusts, West warns, "Free-market fundamentalism trivializes the concern for public interest. It puts fear and insecurity in the hearts of anxiety-ridden workers. It also makes money-driven, poll-obsessed elected officials deferential to corporate goals of profit – often at the cost of the common good."[94]

West has been involved with such projects as the Million Man March and Russell Simmons's Hip-Hop Summit, and he has worked with such public figures as Louis Farrakhan[29] and Al Sharpton, whose 2004 presidential campaign West advised.[95]

In 2000, West worked as a senior advisor to Democratic presidential candidate Bill Bradley. When Bradley lost in the primaries, West became a prominent and active supporter of Green Party candidate Ralph Nader, speaking at several Nader rallies. Some Greens sought to draft West to run as a presidential candidate in 2004. West declined, citing his active participation in the Al Sharpton campaign. West, along with other prominent Nader 2000 supporters, signed the "Vote to Stop Bush" statement urging progressive voters in swing states to vote for John Kerry, despite strong disagreements with many of Kerry's policies.[96]

In April 2002, West and Rabbi Michael Lerner engaged in an act of civil disobedience by sitting in the street in front of the U.S. State Department "in solidarity with suffering Palestinian and Israeli brothers and sisters". West said, "[w]e must keep in touch with the humanity of both sides".[97][98] In May 2007, West joined a demonstration against "injustices faced by the Palestinian people resulting from the Israeli occupation" and "to bring attention to this 40-year travesty of justice". In 2011, West called on the University of Arizona to divest from companies profiting from the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories.[99]

West also serves as co-chair of the Network of Spiritual Progressives (formerly the Tikkun Community). He co-chaired the National Parenting Organization's Task Force on Parent Empowerment and participated in President Bill Clinton's National Conversation on Race. He has publicly endorsed In These Times magazine by calling it: "The most creative and challenging news magazine of the American left." He is also a contributing editor for Sojourners magazine.

West supports People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in its Kentucky Fried Cruelty campaign, aimed at eliminating what PETA describes as the inhumane treatment of chickens by KFC. West is quoted on PETA flyers: "Although most people don't know chickens as well as they know cats and dogs, chickens are interesting individuals with personalities and interests every bit as developed as the dogs and cats with whom many of us share our lives."

In 2008, West contributed his insights on the current global issue of modernized slavery and human trafficking in the documentary Call+Response.[100] West is a member of the Campaign for Peace and Democracy.

In 2011, West expressed his frustration with some critics of Occupy Wall Street, who said the movement lacked a clear and unified message. West replied by saying:

> It's impossible to translate the issue of the greed of Wall Street into one demand, or two demands. We're talking about a democratic awakening...you're talking about raising political consciousness so it spills over all parts of the country, so people can begin to see what's going on through a set of different lens, and then you begin to highlight what the more detailed demands would be. Because in the end we're really talking about what Martin King would call a revolution: A transfer of power from oligarchs to everyday people of all colors. And that is a step by step process.[101]

On October 16, 2011, West was in Washington, D.C., participating in the Occupy D.C. protests on the steps of the Supreme Court over the court's decision in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case the previous year.[102] Five days later, he was arrested during an Occupy Wall Street protest in Harlem against the New York Police Department's stop and frisk policy.[103]

In 2014, West co-initiated the Stop Mass Incarceration Network, a project of the Revolutionary Communist Party USA. Later that year, he and RCP chairman Bob Avakian took part in a filmed discussion on "Religion and Revolution".[104]

In August 2017, West was one of a group of interfaith, multiracial clergy who took part in a counter-protest at the Unite the Right Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia; West averred that Antifa had saved their lives.[105]

West is an outspoken supporter of Julian Assange, on one occasion saying: "[Assange] has been simply laying bare some of the crimes and lies of the American empire".[106]

West stated that he believed the Russian invasion of Ukraine was "a criminal invasion, provoked by the expansion of NATO, which is an instrument of U.S. global power" and described the war as a "proxy war between the American Empire and the Russian Federation".[107][108]

### Views on Barack Obama[edit]

West discussing a public feud with Michael Eric Dyson over Barack Obama

West has often spoken about the lack of adequate black leadership and how it leads to doubt within black communities as to their political potential to ensure change.[109] West publicly supported 2008 Democratic presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama. He spoke to more than 1,000 of Obama supporters at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, on November 29, 2007.[110]

West criticized Obama when he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009, saying that it would be difficult for Obama to be "a war president with a peace prize". West further retracted his support for Obama in an April 2011 interview, stating that Obama is "a black mascot of Wall Street oligarchs and a black muppet of corporate plutocrats. And now he has become head of the American killing machine and is proud of it".[111][112][113] In November 2012, West said in an interview that he considered Obama a "Rockefeller Republican in blackface".[114]

In 2011, West participated in a "Poverty Tour" with Tavis Smiley, his co-host on the Public Radio International program Smiley & West. The tour became a two-part special on their radio program as well as a five-night special on the PBS television program Tavis Smiley. They recounted their experience on the tour in their 2012 bestselling book The Rich and the Rest of Us. The stated aim of the tour was to highlight the plight of the impoverished population of the United States prior to the 2012 presidential election, whose candidates, West and Smiley stated, had ignored the plight of the poor.[115]

West introduces Bernie Sanders at a September 2015 campaign rally in South Carolina

In 2014, West gave an interview criticizing Obama, calling him a "counterfeit" who posed as a progressive. West defined Obama's presidency as "a Wall Street presidency, a drone presidency, a national security presidency".[116]

### Support for Bernie Sanders[edit]

In 2015, West expressed his support for Democratic contender Bernie Sanders during an interview on CNN Tonight. West argued that the Sanders plans to redistribute wealth from Wall Street elites to the poorest members of society would be beneficial for the African-American community.[117] On August 24, 2015, West tweeted, "I endorse Brother @BernieSanders because he is a long-distance runner with integrity in the struggle for justice for over 50 years."[118]

In July 2016, after Sanders exited the presidential race, West endorsed Green Party nominee Jill Stein and her running mate Ajamu Baraka.[119] West, who was critical of the U.S. interventionist foreign policy in 2016, referred to Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton as a "neoliberal disaster",[120] and accused Clinton of merely posing as a progressive.[121]

Following the victory of Donald Trump, West contended in an op-ed for The Guardian that white working- and middle-class voters "rejected the economic neglect of neoliberal policies and the self-righteous arrogance of elites", yet "supported a candidate who appeared to blame their social misery on minorities, and who alienated Mexican immigrants, Muslims, black people, Jews, gay people, women, and China in the process."[122]

Nina Turner and West campaigning for Sanders in 2020

In 2020, West once again put his support behind Bernie Sanders, who mounted a second presidential bid in that election cycle.[123]

### 2024 presidential campaign[edit]

Main article: Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign

On June 5, 2023, West announced he would run in the 2024 presidential election under the People's Party.[124] West's decision to run with the People's Party sparked criticism due to the party's lack of ballot access, claims of leadership dysfunction, and sexual harassment allegations against the party founder Nick Brana.[125] On June 14, West announced that he would instead seek the Green Party nomination, running a campaign centered around support for Medicare for All, public housing, action on climate change, and drastically cutting the U.S. military budget.[126][127]

On October 5, 2023, West announced that he was abandoning his candidacy for the Green nomination, and would instead continue his presidential bid as an independent candidate.[28][128]

## Published works[edit]

* "Black Theology and Marxist Thought" (1979) – essay
* Prophesy Deliverance! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity (1982)
* Post-Analytic Philosophy, edited with John Rajchman (1985)
* Prophetic Fragments (1988)
* The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism (1989)
* Breaking Bread: Insurgent Black Intellectual Life (with bell hooks, 1991)
* The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought (1991)
* Prophetic Thought in Postmodern Times: Beyond Eurocentrism and Multiculturalism (1993)
* Race Matters (1993)
* Keeping Faith: Philosophy and Race in America (1994)
* Jews and Blacks: A Dialogue on Race, Religion, and Culture in America (with rabbi Michael Lerner, 1995)
* The Future of the Race (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 1996)
* Restoring Hope: Conversations on the Future of Black America (1997)
* The War Against Parents: What We Can Do for America's Beleaguered Moms and Dads (with Sylvia Ann Hewlett, 1998)
* The Future of American Progressivism (with Roberto Unger, 1998)
* The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Century (with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2000)
* Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism (2004)
* Commentary on The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions; see The Ultimate Matrix Collection (with Ken Wilber, 2004)
* Hope on a Tightrope: Words & Wisdom (2008)
* Brother West: Living & Loving Out Loud (2009)
* The Rich and the Rest of Us: A Poverty Manifesto (with Tavis Smiley, 2012)
* Pro+Agonist: The Art of Opposition (2012)
* Black Prophetic Fire (2014)

## Filmography[edit]

Film

* Long Distance Revolutionary: A Journey with Mumia Abu-Jamal as himself
* The Matrix Reloaded (2003) as Councilor West
* The Matrix Revolutions (2003) as Councilor West
* Street Fight (2005)
* Examined Life (2008)
* The Private Lives of Pippa Lee (2009) as Don Sexton
* #Bars4Justice (2015) as himself
* Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary (2016) as himself
* No Safe Spaces (2019) as himself.[129]

Television

* "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?" (2012) as himself

## Discography[edit]

Albums

* Sketches of My Culture (2001)
* Street Knowledge (2004)
* Never Forget: A Journey of Revelations (2007) (with BMWMB)

Guest appearances

* E-40 – "Born in the Struggle" from Revenue Retrievin': Overtime Shift (2011)
* Bootsy Collins – "Freedumb" from Tha Funk Capital of the World (2011)
* Immortal Technique – "Sign of the Times" from The Martyr (2011)
* Brother Ali – "Letter to My Countrymen" from Mourning in America and Dreaming in Color (2012)
* Terence Blanchard – Choices (2009)
* Terence Blanchard – Breathless (2015)
* Terence Blanchard – Live (2018)

## See also[edit]

* American philosophy
* Black existentialism
* Christian left
* List of American philosophers

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Pragmatism". iep.utm.edu. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, University of Tennessee, Martin. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
2. ^ West, Cornel; Ritz, David (2009). Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud. New York: SmileyBooks. p. 165\. ISBN 978-1-4019-2677-9.
3. ^ a b West, Cornel Ronald (1980). Ethics, historicism and the Marxist tradition (PhD). Princeton University. OCLC 934884084. ProQuest 303076528. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
4. ^ "Innovator Insights: Leah Hunt-Hendrix, Founder of Solidaire Network". Invested Impact. November 22, 2016. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019 - via Medium.com.
5. ^ Trudo, Hanna (October 5, 2023). "Cornel West switches from Green Party presidential candidate to independent". The Hill. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
6. ^ a b "Cornel West Moves to Green Party in 2024 Presidential Run". Democracy Now!. June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
7. ^ a b Gans, Jared (June 14, 2023). "Cornel West seeking Green Party nomination for presidential run". The Hill. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
8. ^ West, Cornel; Ritz, David (2009). Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud. New York: SmileyBooks. pp. 95, 107. ISBN 978-1-4019-2677-9.
9. ^ West, Cornel; Ritz, David (2009). Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud. New York: SmileyBooks. pp. 117–119, 139. ISBN 978-1-4019-2677-9.
10. ^ Stone, Ronald H. (2014). "Afterword". In Weaver, Matthew Lon (ed.). Applied Christian Ethics: Foundations, Economic Justice, and Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 279\. ISBN 978-0-7391-9659-5.
11. ^ Schultz, Rick (June 1, 2016). "Challenging 'Passion' to Open Ojai Music Festival". Jewish Journal. Los Angeles: Tribe Media. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
12. ^ Muwakkil, Salim (November 4, 2004). "Cornel West: Public Intellectual". In These Times. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
13. ^ Parish, Lenel (November 19, 2003). "Well-Known Public Intellectual Cornel West at Whitman December 4". whitman.edu. Whitman College. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
14. ^ "Cornel West Socialist Theory of Racism". chicagodsa.org. Archived from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
15. ^ "Cornel West, DSA Honorary Chair". dsausa.org. Democratic Socialists of America. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
16. ^ a b "Contemporary Research". Pragmatism.org. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
17. ^ a b c d e "Cornel Ronald West." Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 33. Ed. Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2002. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group. 2004.
18. ^ Ward, Thomas (2004). "Cornel West y la política de conversión". Resistencia cultural: La nación en el ensayo de las Américas. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma: 344–348.
19. ^ Nishikawa, Kinohi (2005). "Cornel West". In Ostrom, Hans; Macey, J. David Jr. (eds.). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 1714–18.
20. ^ a b "Cornel West". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
21. ^ "cornelwest.com". Cornel West. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013.
22. ^ "Tavis Smiley, Cornell West ending their public radio show in December". targetmarketnews.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
23. ^ "Smiley and West – Noam Chomsky: The Final Smiley and West". Oppression Monitor Daily. December 29, 2013. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
24. ^ "Artist Of The Week: Dr. Cornel West by Tamar Anitai". MTV.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
25. ^ "Ideological odd couple Robert George and Cornel West issue a joint statement against 'campus illiberalism'". insidehighered.com. March 16, 2017. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
26. ^ "Higher Education in a Time of Protest: A Conversation with Robert George and Cornel West". religionandpolitics.org. May 7, 2019. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
27. ^ "The world's top 50 thinkers for the Covid-19 age" (PDF). Prospect. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
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29. ^ a b Elder, Robert (1998). "Prisoner of Hope". inFlux. University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication. Archived from the original on February 9, 2002. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
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33. ^ West, Cornel (August 13, 2000). The Cornel West Reader. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09110-2. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
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89. ^ "Filmmakers bring Ferguson to Phoenix's Hip Hop community... Sheriff Arpaio not invited". Nation19. September 30, 2015. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
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96. ^ "Senators Hillary Clinton and John Kerry are exemplary paternalistic nihilists... Their centrist or conservative policies... are opportunistic efforts to satisfy centrist or conservative constituencies." Cornel West, Democracy Matters, p. 35–36, 2004, ISBN 0-14-303583-5
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98. ^ "Thoughts on Anti-Semitism". Supportcom.com. December 6, 2005. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
99. ^ "Nomordeaths.org". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011.
100. ^ "Call + Response". Callandresponse.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
101. ^ "Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It's the Makings of a U.S. Autumn Responding to the Arab Spring". Democracy Now. September 29, 2011. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
102. ^ Thisltethwaite, Susan Brooks (October 17, 2011). "Dr. Cornel West honors Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. by going to jail". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
103. ^ Carbone, Nick (October 22, 2011). "Cornel West Arrested Again at Occupy Protest". Time. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
104. ^ "Revolution and Religion: The Fight for Emancipation and the Role of Religion". Revcom.us. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
105. ^ "Cornel West & Rev. Traci Blackmon: Clergy in Charlottesville Were Trapped by Torch-Wielding Nazis". Democracy Now!. August 14, 2017. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
106. ^ "Cornel West: 'George Floyd's public lynching pulled the cover off who we really are'". The Guardian. October 19, 2020. Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
107. ^ Reynolds, Nick (July 11, 2023). "Cornel West blames NATO for Russia's war with Ukraine". Newsweek. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
108. ^ "Cornel West Roasted For Claiming U.S. 'Provoked' Russian Invasion of Ukraine: 'No Different Than Trump, RFK Jr, Tucker Carlson'". Mediaite. July 14, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
109. ^ Wallace, Michele (1992). Black Popular Culture. Seattle: Bay Press. pp. 45. ISBN 978-1-56584-459-9.
110. ^ Parker Aab, Stacy (October 30, 2007). "Obama, Race, and the Right Side of History". The Huffington News. HuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Archived from the original on December 2, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2008.
111. ^ "Cornel West Comments on Obama's Nobel Peace Prize: Hard to Be War President with Peace Prize". The Huffington Post. October 10, 2009. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
112. ^ Schneider, Matt. "Wild Shoutfest Between Al Sharpton And Cornel West On Obama And Race" Archived April 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. mediaite.com. April 11, 2011. Retrieved 2011-4-11.
113. ^ "Chris Hedges: The Obama Deception: Why Cornel West Went Ballistic – Chris Hedges". Truthdig.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
114. ^ Kirell, Andrew (November 12, 2012). "Cornel West: Obama A 'Republican In Blackface,' Black MSNBC Hosts Are 'Selling Their Souls'". Mediaite. Archived from the original on December 2, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
115. ^ "Cornel West & Tavis Smiley on Obama: 'Many of Us Are Exploring Other Possibilities in Coming Election'". Democracy Now!. August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
116. ^ Thomas Frank (August 24, 2014). "Cornel West: "He posed as a progressive and turned out to be counterfeit. We ended up with a Wall Street presidency, a drone presidency"". Salon. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
117. ^ "Civil Rights Activist Cornel West Throws Support Behind Bernie Sanders". Ring of Fire. August 19, 2015. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
118. ^ Rappeport, Alan (August 25, 2015). "Bernie Sanders Gets Stamp of Approval From Cornel West". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
119. ^ Hensch, Mark (July 14, 2016). "Sanders ally Cornel West backs Green candidate". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
120. ^ "Cornel West: Why I Endorse Green Party's Jill Stein Over "Neoliberal Disaster" Hillary Clinton". democracynow.org. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
121. ^ "Bernie or Hillary? Cornel West & Dolores Huerta Debate After Sanders' Upset Win in Michigan". democracynow.org. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
122. ^ Goodbye, American neoliberalism. A new era is here Archived November 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. 17 November 2016.
123. ^ Deconstructed (March 7, 2019). "Deconstructed Podcast: Cornel West on Bernie, Trump, and Racism". The Intercept. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
124. ^ Astor, Maggie (June 5, 2023). "Cornel West, Progressive Scholar, Announces Third-Party Bid for President". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
125. ^ Heer, Jeet (June 12, 2023). "Cornel West Is the Right Man in the Wrong Party". The Nation.com.
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127. ^ Gans, Jared (June 14, 2023). "Cornel West seeking Green Party nomination for presidential run". The Hill. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
128. ^ Gibson, Britanny (October 5, 2023). "Cornel West leaves the Green Party in favor of an independent bid". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2023,. `{{cite web}}`: Check date values in: `|access-date=` (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
129. ^ Fund, John (November 3, 2019). "In No Safe Spaces, an Odd Couple Teams up to Fight Free-Speech Bans". National Review. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.

## Sources[edit]

* Morrison, John (2004). Cornel West. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4381-0003-6.
* Naden, Corinne J.; Blue, Rose (2005). Cornel West. Chicago, IL: Heinemann-Raintree Library (division of Reed Elsevier). ISBN 978-1-4109-1040-0. (juvenile nonfiction)

## Further reading[edit]

* Dyson, Michael Eric (April 19, 2015). "The Ghost of Cornel West". The New Republic.

## External links[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Cornel West.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cornel West.

* Official website
* Cornel West at IMDb
* Cornel West discography at Discogs
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Column archive at The Huffington Post

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American Book Awards winners (1980–1999)

1980|

* Douglas Woolf
* Edward Dorn
* Jayne Cortez
* Leslie Marmon Silko
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Milton Murayama
* Quincy Troupe
* Rudolfo Anaya

1981|

* Alta
* Alan Chong Lau
* Bienvenido N. Santos
* Helen Adam
* Lionel Mitchell
* Miguel Algarín
* Nicholasa Mohr
* Peter Blue Cloud
* Robert Kelly
* Rose Drachler
* Susan Howe
* Toni Cade Bambara

1982|

* Al Young
* Duane Niatum
* E. L. Mayo
* Frank Chin
* Hilton Obenzinger
* Him Mark Lai / Genny Lim / Judy Yung
* Jerome Rothenberg
* Joyce Carol Thomas
* Leroy Quintana
* Lorna Dee Cervantes
* Ronald Phillip Tanaka
* Russell Banks
* Tato Laviera

1983|

* Barbara Christian
* Cecilia Liang
* Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
* Harriet Rohmer
* James D. Houston
* Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
* John A. Williams
* Joy Kogawa
* Judy Grahn
* Nash Candelaria
* Peter Guralnick
* Seán Ó Tuama

1984|

* Cecil Brown
* Gary Snyder
* Howard Schwartz/ Mark Podwal
* Imamu Amiri Baraka
* Jesús Colón
* Joseph Bruchac
* Maurice Kenny
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Miné Okubo
* Paule Marshall
* Ruthanne Lum McCunn / You-shan Tang / Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
* Thomas McGrath
* Venkatesh Kulkarni
* William J. Kennedy

1985|

* Angela Jackson
* Arnold Genthe / John Kuo Wei Tchen
* Colleen J. McElroy
* Gary Soto
* Peter Irons
* Keiho Soga / Taisanboku Mori / Sojin Takei / Muin Ozaki
* Louise Erdrich
* Maureen Owen
* May Sarton
* Robert Edward Duncan
* Ron Jones
* Sandra Cisneros
* Sonia Sanchez
* Julia Vinograd
* William Oandasan

1986|

* Anna Lee Walters
* Cherríe Moraga / Gloria Anzaldúa
* Helen Barolini
* Jeff Hannusch
* Linda Hogan
* Miguel Algarín
* Natasha Borovsky
* Raymond Federman
* Susan Howe
* Terence Winch
* Toshio Mori

1987|

* Ai
* Ana Castillo
* Cyn Zarco
* Daniel McGuire
* Dorothy Bryant
* Etheridge Knight
* Gary Giddins
* Harvey Pekar
* James Welch
* John Wieners
* Juan Felipe Herrera
* Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
* Michael Mayo
* Septima Poinsette Clark / Cynthia Stokes Brown
* Terry McMillan

1988|

* Allison Blakely
* Charles Olson
* Daisy Bates
* David Halberstam
* Edward Sanders
* Gerald Vizenor
* Jimmy Santiago Baca
* Kesho Y. Scott / Cherry Muhanji / Egyirba High
* Marlon K. Hom
* Benjamin Hoff
* Ronald Sukenick
* Salvatore La Puma
* Toni Morrison
* Wing Tek Lum / Tek Lum Lum

1989|

* Alma Luz Villanueva
* Askia M. Touré
* Audre Lorde
* Carolyn Lau
* Emory Elliott
* Eduardo Galeano
* Frank Chin
* Henry Louis Gates
* Isabel Allende
* J. California Cooper
* Jennifer Stone
* Josephine Gattuso Hendin
* Leslie Scalapino
* Shuntaro Tanikawa
* Charles Fanning
* William Minoru Hohri

1990|

* Adrienne Kennedy
* Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
* Daniela Gioseffi
* Elizabeth Woody
* Hualing Nieh
* Itabari Njeri
* James M. Freeman
* John C. Walter / J. Raymond Jones
* John Norton
* José Emilio González
* Sergei Kan
* Lloyd A. Thompson
* Martin Bernal
* Michelle T. Clinton / Sesshu Foster
* Miles Davis
* Paula Gunn Allen
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim / Mayumi Tsutakawa / Margarita Donnelly

1991|

* Alejandro Murguía
* bell hooks
* Bruce Wright
* Charley Trujillo
* D. H. Melhem
* Deborah Keenan
* Jessica Hagedorn
* John Edgar Wideman
* Joy Harjo
* Karen Tei Yamashita
* Lucia Berlin
* Mary Crow Dog
* Meridel Le Sueur
* Mill Hunk Herald Collective
* Nora Marks Dauenhauer / Richard Dauenhauer
* R. Baxter Miller
* Thomas Centolella

1992|

* A'Lelia Perry Bundles
* Art Spiegelman
* Benjamin Alire Sáenz
* Donna J. Haraway
* Fritjof Capra
* José Antonio Burciaga
* Keith Gilyard
* Lucy Thompson
* Norma Field
* Peter Bacho
* Peter Kalifornsky
* Raymond Andrews
* Sandra Scofield
* Sheila Hamanaka
* Stephen R. Fox
* Verlyn Klinkenborg
* William B. Branch / Amiri Baraka / August Wilson

1993|

* Asake Bomani / Belvie Rooks
* Christopher Mogil / Peter Woodrow
* Cornel West
* Denise Giardina
* Diane Glancy
* Eugene B. Redmond
* Francisco X. Alarcón
* Gerald Graff
* Jack Beatty
* Leroy V. Quintana
* Katherine Peter
* Nelson George
* Ninotchka Rosca

1994|

* Giose Rimanelli
* Eric Drooker
* Graciela Limón
* Gregory J. Reed
* Janet Campbell Hale
* Jill Nelson
* Lawson Fusao Inada
* Nicole Blackman
* Paul Gilroy
* Ronald Takaki
* Rose L. Glickman
* Tino Villanueva
* Virginia L. Kroll

1995|

* Abraham Rodriguez
* Herb Boyd / Robert L. Allen
* Denise Chavez
* John Egerton
* John Ross
* Thomas Avena
* Linda Raymond
* Li-Young Lee
* Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
* Marnie Mueller
* Peter Quinn
* Sandra Martz
* Gordon Henry Jr.
* Tricia Rose

1996|

* Agate Nesaule
* Arthur Sze
* Chang-Rae Lee
* Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
* E.J. Miller Laino
* Glenn C. Loury
* James W. Loewen
* Joe Sacco / Edward Said
* Kimiko Hahn
* Maria Espinosa
* Robert Viscusi
* Sherman Alexie
* Ron Sakolsky / Fred Weihan Ho
* Stephanie Cowell
* William H. Gass

1997|

* Alurista
* Derrick Bell
* Dorothy Barresi
* Guillermo Gómez-Peña
* Louis Owens
* Martín Espada
* Montserrat Fontes
* Noel Ignatiev
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim
* Sunaina Maira
* Thulani Davis
* Tom De Haven
* William M. Banks
* Brenda Knight

1998|

* Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
* Angela Y. Davis
* Brenda Marie Osbey
* Don DeLillo
* Jim Barnes
* John A. Williams
* Nancy Rawles
* Nora Okja Keller
* Sandra Benitez
* Scott DeVeaux
* Thomas Lynch

1999|

* Alice McDermott
* Anna Linzer
* Brian Ward
* Chiori Santiago
* E. Donald Two-Rivers
* Edwidge Danticat
* Judith Roche / Meg McHutchison'
* Gioia Timpanelli
* Gloria Naylor
* James D. Houston
* Jerry Lipka / Gerald V. Mohatt / Ciulistet Group
* Trey Ellis
* Josip Novakovich
* Lauro Flores
* Luís Alberto Urrea
* Nelson George
* Speer Morgan
* Gary Gach
* Chiori Santiago / Judith Lowry

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(← 2020) 2024 United States presidential election (2028 →)

* 2024 United States elections
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Democratic Party|

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Candidates|

Declared
Joe Biden

campaign
endorsements
positions
Terrisa Bukovinac
Joe Exotic
Dean Phillips

campaign
Vermin Supreme
Cenk Uygur
Marianne Williamson

campaign

Decision pending
Joe Manchin

Withdrew before the primaries
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Jerome Segal

Republican Party|

* Primaries
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Candidates|

Declared
Doug Burgum

campaign
John Anthony Castro
Chris Christie

campaign
Ron DeSantis

campaign
endorsements
positions
Nikki Haley

campaign
positions
Asa Hutchinson

campaign
E. W. Jackson
Vivek Ramaswamy

campaign
Donald Trump

campaign
endorsements
opposition
positions

Expressed interest
John Bolton
Larry Hogan

Withdrew before the primaries
Larry Elder

campaign
Will Hurd
Perry Johnson
Steve Laffey
Mike Pence

campaign
positions
Tim Scott

campaign
Corey Stapleton
Francis Suarez

Libertarian Party|

* Primaries

Candidates|

Declared
Chase Oliver
Michael Rectenwald

Withdrew before the primaries
Joe Exotic

Green Party|

* Primaries

Candidates|

Declared
Jill Stein

Withdrew before the primaries
Emanuel Pastreich
Cornel West

Other candidates|

| Candidates|

Declared
Shiva Ayyadurai
Joseph "Afroman" Foreman
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

campaign
Taylor Marshall
Peter Sonski
Cornel West

campaign

Potential
Bill Cassidy
Liz Cheney
Susan Collins
Tulsi Gabbard
Larry Hogan
Joe Manchin
William H. McRaven
Jesse Ventura

Withdrew
Kanye West

campaign
positions

|

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