Corruption in Serbia

Political corruption

Forms and concepts

* Bribery
* Cronyism
* Economics of corruption
* Electoral fraud
* Elite capture
* Influence peddling
* Kleptocracy
* Mafia state
* Nepotism
* Pyrrhic defeat theory
* Slush fund
* Simony
* State capture
* State-corporate crime
* Throffer

Anti-corruption

* International Anti-Corruption Court
* Group of States Against Corruption
* International Anti-Corruption Academy
* International Anti-Corruption Day
* United Nations Convention against Corruption

Corruption by country
|  Africa

* Angola
* Botswana
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* Guinea-Bissau
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Malawi
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Asia

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Kazakhstan
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe

* Albania
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Northern Ireland
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America

* Canada
* Mexico
* United States

Central America

* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* El Salvador
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Nicaragua

South America

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Oceania

* Australia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea

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Corruption levels are perceived to be high by surveyed residents of Serbia, and public trust in key institutions remains low.[1]

## Dynamics

[edit]

Public procurement, public administration recruitment processes, mining and rail operations are sectors with a serious problem of conflict of interest.[1] The European Commission has raised concern over Serbia's judiciary, police, health and education sectors that are particularly vulnerable to corruption.[2] Corruption is considered the most problematic factor for doing business in Serbia, followed by inefficient government bureaucracy.[3]

## Anti-corruption efforts

[edit]

Even though Serbia has made progress in the investigation of high-level corruption cases, the implementation of anti-corruption laws is weak.[2] According to Global Corruption Barometer 2016, 22% of Serbian citizens who had contact with public institutions included in research (traffic police, public health, educational system, courts - civil litigation, public services that issue official documents, departments responsible for social welfare), had paid bribe at least once in the previous year.[4]

Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Serbia at 36 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Serbia ranked 104th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[5] For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).[6] For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Eastern European and Central Asian countries [Note 1] was 53, the average score was 35 and the lowest score was 18.[7]

Serbia's scores of 36 in 2022 and 2023 were its lowest since the Corruption Perceptions Index began its current system of scoring in 2012. Transparency International reported in 2023 that the autocratic government of Serbia controls the justice system and prevents the prosecution of corrupt officials. Of the state prosecutor's office, Transparency International wrote: "This politically captured justice institution is failing to protect the public interest at a crucial time, reducing the country’s ability to stop corruption."[7]

## Notes

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1. ^ Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

## See also

[edit]

* Crime in Serbia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "The Global Integrity Report 2011- Serbia". Global Integrity. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
2. ^ a b "SERBIA 2013 PROGRESS REPORT" (PDF). European Commission. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
3. ^ "Business Corruption in Serbia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
4. ^ "Global Corruption Barometer 2016 Serbia". Transparency Serbia. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
5. ^ "The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated". Transparency.org. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
6. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Serbia". Transparency.org. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
7. ^ a b "CPI 2023 for Eastern Europe & Central Asia: Autocracy & weak justice systems enabling widespread corruption". Transparency.org. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Serbia Corruption Profile from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal

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Corruption

Corruption in different fields|

* Corporate crime
* Corruption in local government
* Interest group corruption
* Police corruption
* Political corruption

Measures of corruption|

* Corruption Perceptions Index
* Economics of corruption

Forms or aspects
of corruption|

| General|

* Baksheesh
* Black market / Grey market
* Bribery
* Collusion
* Commercial bribery
* Conflict of interest
* Corporation
* Dummy
* Shell
* Confidence trick
* Embezzlement
* Extortion
* Fraud
* Graft (politics)
* Honest services fraud
* Kickback
* Match fixing
* Money laundering
* Cryptocurrency and crime
* Hawala and crime
* Noble cause corruption
* Professional courtesy
* Scandal
* Slush fund
* Tax evasion
* Tax haven
* Offshore investment
* Offshore financial centre

|

State|

* Clientelism
* Coronelism
* Crony capitalism
* Cronyism
* Elite capture
* Failed state
* Ghost soldiers
* Kleptocracy
* Mafia state
* Nepotism
* Plutocracy
* Political scandal
* Regulatory capture
* Rent-seeking
* Rent-setting
* State capture
* State crime

Elections|

* Ballot stuffing
* Electoral fraud
* Election security
* Gerrymandering
* Vote pairing
* Vote suppression

Institutions dealing
with corruption|

| International|

* Global Financial Integrity
* Global Witness
* Group of States Against Corruption
* International Anti-Corruption Academy
* Mo Ibrahim Foundation
* Transparency International
* UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations

|

National|

* Oficina Anticorrupción (Argentina)
* Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh) (Bangladesh)
* Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory (Burundi)
* National Anti-Corruption Observatory (Cameroon)
* National Supervisory Commission (China)
* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
* Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
* USKOK (Croatia)
* Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
* Central Vigilance Commission (India)
* KPK (Indonesia)
* National Anti-Corruption Authority (Italy)
* Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (Latvia)
* Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (Liberia)
* Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
* BIANCO (Madagascar)
* Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
* Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar (Myanmar)
* Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (Nigeria)
* National Accountability Bureau (Pakistan)
* Investigation Task Force Sweep (Papua New Guinea)
* Central Anticorruption Bureau (Poland)
* Anti-Corruption General Directorate (Romania)
* National Anticorruption Directorate (Romania)
* Investigative Committee of Russia (Russia)
* Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
* Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (Singapore)
* Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
* Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (South Korea)
* Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera (Spain)
* National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (Ukraine)
* Warioba Commission (Tanzania)
* Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption (Vietnam)

Anti-corruption|

| Laws and
enforcement|

* Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011 (pending)
* Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
* Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
* Freedom of information laws by country
* The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
* UK Bribery Act of 2010
* Whistleblower protection

|

International
instruments
and efforts|

* Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
* International asset recovery
* International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
* OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
* United Nations Convention against Corruption

Protest
movements|

* 2011 Azerbaijani protests
* 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
* 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
* Anti-austerity movement in Spain
* Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
* Russian anti-corruption campaign
* Yo Soy 132
* 2017–2019 Romanian protests
* 2017–2018 Russian protests

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Corruption in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union

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