Council of Cardinals

Group of cardinal advisers

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2025)

|

Not to be confused with College of Cardinals.

The Council of Cardinals (Italian: Consiglio dei cardinali, Latin: Consilium Cardinalium Summo Pontifici, lit. 'Council of Cardinals to the Supreme Pontiff'; also called C9 because it contained nine cardinal members for a time) or Council of Cardinal Advisers is a group of cardinals of the Catholic Church appointed by Pope Francis to serve as his advisers. The council was formally established on 28 September 2013.

## Abbreviations

[edit]

The Council of Cardinals has been named under abbreviations referring to the number of cardinals advisers which, over time, it has comprised:[1] C8 (eight cardinals),[2] C9 (nine cardinals), C6 (six cardinals), and C7 (seven cardinals).[1]

## History

[edit]

The appointment of a group of eight advisers and one secretary to support the pope and the reform of the Roman Curia was announced on 13 April 2013, one month after his election.[3][4][5] The same group was formally established as the Council of Cardinals on 28 September of the same year by a chirograph of Pope Francis.[6][7]

Secretary of State Pietro Parolin was added as a member of the council in July 2014.[8] The Holy See used the expression "Council of the nine" (Consiglio dei nove in Italian) in September 2014.[9]

In 2018, Marco Mellino was named as adjunct secretary[10][11] to the council's secretary Marcello Semeraro.[4] Pope Francis also removed the eldest three of the council's nine members in late 2018.[12][13]

Francis appointed another cardinal as a member in 2020, and also replaced secretary Marcello Semeraro with Marco Mellino.[14][15]

In March 2023, three cardinal advisers were removed, and five new cardinal advisers were appointed; the three other cardinals and the secretary were re-appointed. This made the current total of nine cardinal advisers and one secretary.[16][17][18] On 24 April 2023, the renewed Council of Cardinals held their first meeting, over which Pope Francis presided.[19]

In February 2024, the role of women was discussed.[20] Anglican Bishop Jo Bailey Wells, Salesian Sister Linda Pocher and consecrated virgin Goiliva Di Berardino addressed the Council "on the role of women in the Church.”[21]

On 17 June, the third meeting of the Council since April 2024 began, presided over by Pope Francis. The April 2024 meeting centred on Praedicate evangelium's implementation in diocesan Curias.[22]

## Purpose

[edit]

On 13 April 2013, the Holy See stated the cardinals had been appointed "to advise [the Pope] in the government of the universal Church and to study a plan for revising the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, 'Pastor Bonus'".[3] In a chirograph dated 28 September 2013, Pope Francis stated the Council had the goal "of assisting me in the governance of the universal Church and of studying a project for the revision of the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus on the Roman Curia", and that "said Council will be a further expression of episcopal communion and assistance to the munus petrinum which the Episcopate across the world is able to offer".[7]

The Council of Cardinals was thus created primarily to assist Pope Francis in the reform of the Roman Curia. Said reform was promulgated in 2022 through the apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium. The Council continues to exist and to perform various activities, despite having achieved its main goal.[1]

Due to the advisory role of the body, some publications have likened it to a privy council.[23][24]

## Leadership and membership

[edit]

The council currently comprises nine cardinals, assisted by Bishop Marco Mellino as its secretary:[16][17][18]

1. Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State (since 2014)[8]
2. Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC, President Emeritus of the Governorate of Vatican City State and President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (since 2023)[16][25]
3. Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap, Archbishop of Kinshasa (since 2020)[14][26]
4. Oswald Gracias, Archbishop of Bombay (since 2013)[3][4]
5. Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap, Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors (since 2013)[4]
6. Juan José Omella, Archbishop of Barcelona (since 2023)[16][25]
7. Gérald Lacroix ISPX, Archbishop of Quebec (since 2023)[16][25]
8. Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ, Archbishop of Luxembourg (since 2023)[16][25]
9. Sérgio da Rocha, Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia (since 2023)[16][25]

At the time of its formation, the council had eight members. Cardinal Parolin was not among the council's original membership, but attended the meetings regularly and, in July 2014, was confirmed by the Holy See Press Office as a ninth member of the council.[27]

## Former members

[edit]

* 2013[3][4]–2018:[12][13] Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa
* 2013[3][4]–2018:[12][13] Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya
* 2013[3][4]–2018:[12][13] George Pell
* 2013[3][4]–2023:[16][25] Reinhard Marx
* 2013[3][4]–2023:[16][25] Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB (former coordinator)[28]
* 2013[3][4]–2023:[16][25] Giuseppe Bertello

## Former secretaries

[edit]

* 2013[3][4]–2020:[14][26] Marcello Semeraro

### Former adjunct secretaries

[edit]

* 2018[11][10]–2020:[14][26] Marco Mellino (became secretary)[26][14]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Condon, Ed. (7 December 2022). "What is the Council of Cardinals for, anymore?". The Pillar. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
2. ^ Condon, Ed (7 August 2018). "Can Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals still deliver on reform?". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "COMUNICATO DELLA SEGRETERIA DI STATO, 13.04.2013". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Pope appoints advisors for Curia reform". Catholic News Agency. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
5. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia; Donadio, Rachel (13 April 2013). "Pope Francis Names Advisory Panel at Vatican". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
6. ^ "The Pope Institutes a Council of Cardinals to Assist in the Governance of the Universal Church". Vatican Information Service. 30 September 2013.
7. ^ a b Pope Francis (28 September 2013). "Chirograph by which a Council of Cardinals is Established to Assist the Holy Father in the Governance of the Universal Church and to Study Possible Revisions of the Apostolic Constitution "Pastor Bonus" on the Roman Curia". The Holy See.
8. ^ a b "Consiglio di Cardinali - Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa, 2 luglio 2014". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
9. ^ "Sesta riunione del Santo Padre con i Cardinali Consiglieri (15-17 settembre 2014)". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
10. ^ a b "Alba, Papa Francesco nomina monsignor Marco Mellino Vescovo e Segretario aggiunto del C9". Albese News (in Italian). 28 October 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
11. ^ a b "Resignations and Appointments, 27.10.2018" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 27 October 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
12. ^ a b c d "Briefing by the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Greg Burke, on the 27th Meeting of the Council of Cardinals with the Holy Father Francis, 12.12.2018". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
13. ^ a b c d Brockhaus, Hannah (12 December 2018). "Three cardinals dropped from C9 as reform process nears end". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
14. ^ a b c d e "Resignations and Appointments, 15.10.2020". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
15. ^ "DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 07.03.2023". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
17. ^ a b "Pope renews Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
18. ^ a b "Pope renews cabinet of cardinal advisers, adds new members". AP NEWS. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
19. ^ "Pope presides over the first meeting of the new Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
20. ^ Anglican bishop among the women speaking with Pope’s ‘kitchen cabinet’
21. ^ "Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals". National Catholic Register. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
22. ^ "Female Anglican Bishop Addresses Pope Francis' Council of Cardinals". National Catholic Register. 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
23. ^ Agnew, Paddy (15 April 2013). "Pope Francis appoints new 'privy council'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
24. ^ "Cardinal Monsengwo, original member of pope's privy council, dies". international.la-croix.com. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
25. ^ a b c d e f g h Mares, Courtney (7 March 2023). "Pope Francis adds Hollerich and four other cardinals to his council of advisers". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
26. ^ a b c d "DRC's Cardinal Besungu appointed to Council of Cardinals". Vatican News. 15 October 2020.
27. ^ "Pope and "C9" express esteem for Von Freyberg and changes are on the horizon for the IOR". La Stampa. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
28. ^ "Pope's eight cardinal advisors say the Curia is not the only thing they'll be reforming". Vatican Insider. 25 June 2013.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Pentin, Edward (7 March 2023). "Who Are the New Cardinal Members of Pope Francis' Advisory Council?". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 9 March 2023.

## External links

[edit]

* Communiqué on the first nomination of the cardinal advisers
* Chirograph establishing the Council of Cardinals

* v
* t
* e

College of Cardinals

* List of current cardinals

* Cardinals of the Catholic Church under Pope Leo XIV in order of precedence

Cardinal bishops|

* Re
* Sandri
* Arinze
* Bertone
* Martins
* Parolin (CC)
* Ouellet
* Filoni
* Stella
* Tagle
* Raï
* Sako

Cardinal priests|

* Kitbunchu
* Poupard
* Wetter
* López Rodríguez
* Mahony
* Ruini
* Darmaatmadja
* Wamala
* Maida
* Puljić
* Sandoval
* Stafford
* De Giorgi
* Rouco
* Pengo
* Schönborn
* Rivera
* Pujats
* Sepe
* Kasper
* Bačkis
* Errázuriz
* Napier
* Rodríguez
* Cipriani
* Herranz
* Scola
* Okogie
* Zubeir Wako
* Rigali
* Antonelli
* Turkson
* Bozanić
* Mẫn
* Barbarin
* Erdő
* Rodé
* Vallini
* Rosales
* Ricard
* Cañizares
* O'Malley (CC)
* Dziwisz
* Zen
* Lajolo
* Comastri
* Ryłko
* Farina
* Brady
* Martínez Sistach
* Bagnasco
* Sarr
* Gracias (CC)
* Robles
* DiNardo
* Scherer
* Njue
* Sarah
* Monterisi
* Burke
* Koch
* Piacenza
* Ravasi
* Romeo
* Wuerl
* Assis
* Nycz
* Ranjith
* Marx
* Brandmüller
* de Castro
* Abril
* Vegliò
* Bertello
* Coccopalmerio
* Aviz
* O'Brien
* Calcagno
* Versaldi
* Alencherry
* Collins
* Duka
* Eijk
* Betori
* Dolan
* Woelki
* Tong
* Mureșan
* Harvey
* Thottunkal
* Onaiyekan
* Salazar
* Baldisseri
* Müller
* Nichols
* Brenes
* Lacroix (CC)
* Kutwa
* Tempesta
* Bassetti
* Poli
* Yeom
* Ezzati
* Ouédraogo
* Quevedo
* Langlois
* Clemente
* Souraphiel
* Dew
* Menichelli
* Nhơn
* Suárez
* Bo
* Kovithavanij
* Montenegro
* Sturla
* Blázquez
* Lacunza
* Gomes Furtado
* Mafi
* Villalba
* Langa
* Nzapalainga
* Osoro
* Rocha (CC)
* Cupich
* D'Rozario
* Porras
* De Kesel
* Piat
* Aguiar Retes
* Ribat
* Tobin
* Zerbo
* Omella (CC)
* Arborelius
* Mangkhanekhoun
* Rosa
* De Donatis
* Coutts
* Marto
* Barreto
* Tsarahazana
* Petrocchi
* Maeda
* Ticona
* Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo
* García
* Ambongo Besungu (CC)
* Hollerich (CC)
* Ramazzini
* Zuppi
* López Romero
* Tamkevičius
* Kambanda
* Gregory
* Advincula
* Aós
* Lojudice
* Arizmendi
* Aveline
* Okpaleke
* Steiner
* Ferrão
* McElroy
* do Carmo da Silva
* Cantoni
* Poola
* Costa
* Goh
* Martínez Flores
* Marengo
* Jiménez
* Miglio
* Pizzaballa
* Brislin
* Rossi
* Rueda
* Ryś
* Mulla
* Cobo
* Rugambwa
* Francis
* Chow
* Bustillo
* Alves Aguiar
* Padrón
* Castillo
* Bokalic
* Cabrera
* Chomalí
* Kikuchi
* David
* Nemet
* Spengler
* Bessi Dogbo
* Vesco
* Mathieu
* Repole
* Reina
* Leo
* Bychok
* Battaglia

Cardinal deacons|

* Mamberti
* Zenari
* Farrell
* Simoni
* Ladaria
* Becciu
* Krajewski
* Bocos
* Mendonça
* Czerny
* Fitzgerald
* Grech
* Semeraro
* Gambetti
* Tomasi
* Cantalamessa
* Feroci
* Roche
* You
* Vérgez (CC)
* Ghirlanda
* Frezza
* Gugerotti
* Fernández
* Tscherrig
* Pierre
* Fernández Artime
* Marchetto
* Acerbi
* Makrickas
* Radcliffe
* Baggio
* Koovakad

* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave in italics
* (CC): member of the Council of Cardinals

* See also: Titular
* Titular church
* List of titular churches
* List of creations of cardinals

* Category
* Media
* Catholic Church portal

* v
* t
* e

Pope Francis

Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936 – 21 April 2025

* Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998–2013)
* Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino (2001–2013)
* Pope (2013–2025)

Papacy|

* Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
* 2013 papal conclave
* Inauguration
* Cardinals created
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* Beatifications
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* Synods
* 2014
* 2015
* 2018
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* U.S.–Cuban thaw
* Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy
* Meeting with Patriarch Kirill
* Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate
* Order of Malta leadership
* Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
* Fiducia supplicans
* 2025 Jubilee
* Death and funeral
* dignitaries
* reactions

Visits (selected)|

* Philippines
* North America
* Kenya
* Ireland
* Baltic states
* Iraq
* Canada
* Mongolia
* Indonesia
* Belgium [nl]

Bibliography
(selected)|

| Constitutions
(selected)|

* Vultum Dei quaerere
* Veritatis gaudium
* Episcopalis communio
* Pascite gregem Dei
* Praedicate evangelium

|

Exhortations|

* Evangelii gaudium
* Amoris laetitia
* Gaudete et exsultate
* Christus vivit
* Querida Amazonia
* Laudate Deum

Encyclicals|

* Lumen fidei
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* Dilexit nos

Letters
(selected)|

* Misericordiae vultus
* Misericordia et misera
* Maiorem hac dilectionem
* Magnum principium
* Vos estis lux mundi
* Spiritus Domini
* Traditionis custodes

Related people|

| Papal
household|

* Alfred Xuereb, Fabián Pedacchio, Yoannis Lahzi Gaid, and Gonzalo Aemilius (former personal secretaries)
* Fabio Salerno and Daniel Pellizzon (last personal secretaries)
* Guido Marini (former Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations)
* Diego Ravelli (current Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations)
* Georg Gänswein (former Prefect of the Papal Household)

|

Cardinal
Advisers|

* Last Advisers: Fridolin Ambongo Besungu
* Sérgio da Rocha
* Oswald Gracias
* Jean-Claude Hollerich
* Gérald Lacroix
* Seán Patrick O'Malley
* Juan José Omella
* Pietro Parolin
* Fernando Vérgez Alzaga
* Former: Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya, George Pell, Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga (coordinator), Giuseppe Bertello, and Reinhard Marx

Episcopate|

* Benedict XVI (preceding pope)
* Leo XIV (succeeding pope)
* Mauro Gambetti (Vicar General for Vatican City)
* Baldassare Reina (Vicar General for Rome)
* Antonio Quarracino (preceding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)
* Mario Aurelio Poli (succeeding Archbishop of Buenos Aires)
* Sergio Rubin (biographer)

Related books|

* Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio
* On Heaven and Earth
* Pope Francis: Life and Revolution
* The Dictator Pope

Related|

* Coat of arms
* Eponyms
* Theology
* LGBTQ topics
* Society of Jesus (religious order)
* Domus Sanctae Marthae (residence)
* Wake Up! (2015 album)
* Francis: Pray for Me (2015 film)
* Chiamatemi Francesco (2015 film)
* Pope Francis: A Man of His Word (2018 documentary)
* The Two Popes (2019 film)
* Francesco (2020 documentary)
* The Letter: A Message for Our Earth (2022 documentary)
* In Viaggio: The Travels of Pope Francis (2022 documentary)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Holy See

* Apostolic see of Pope Leo XIV as bishop of the Diocese of Rome
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Sovereign
judicial entity
under
international law
(Legal status)|

| Officials|

* Pope Leo XIV
* Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin
* Cardinals
* List
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|

Governance|

* Secretariat of State
* College of Cardinals
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Government|

* Roman Curia
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Foreign affairs
(Multilateral policy)|

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Diocese
of Rome
with universal
full communion
(Papal primacy)|

| Synods|

* Ordinary general assemblies
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|

Ecclesiastical
province of Rome
(Vicariate: Rome,
Vatican City)|

| Suburbicarian sees|

* Ostia
* Velletri–Segni
* Porto–Santa Rufina
* Frascati
* Palestrina
* Albano
* Sabina–Poggio Mirteto

|

Territorial abbeys|

* Monte Cassino
* Subiaco

Suffragan dioceses|

* Gaeta
* Anagni-Alatri
* Civita Castellana
* Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
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* Rieti
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* Tivoli
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Properties
including
extra-
territoriality|

| Inside
Rome|

Major basilicas|

* St. Peter's Basilica
* Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
* Santa Maria Maggiore
* Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

|

* Lateran Palace
* Lateran University
* Scala Sancta
* Sancta Sanctorum
* Adjoining buildings
* Palace of Saint Callixtus
* Gianicolo Hill area
* Pontifical Urban University
* Pontifical North American College
* Bambino Gesù Hospital
* Palazzo della Cancelleria
* Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
* Palace of the Holy Office
* Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
* Palazzo Pio
* Palazzo Maffei Marescotti (Palace of the Vicariate}
* Pontifical Roman Minor Seminary
* Collegio Teutonico
* Teutonic Cemetery
* Benedictine monastery
* Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo
* Beda College
* Paul VI Audience Hall
* St. Peter's Square

Non-
extraterritorial|

* Palace of the Holy Apostles
* Palace of San Carlo ai Catinari
* Collegio Bellarmino
* Archaeological Institute
* Pontifical Oriental Institute
* Pontifical Lombard Seminary
* Russian College
* Two Palaces of Sant'Apollinare
* House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul
* Nympheum of Nero

|

Outside
Rome|

* Palace of Castel Gandolfo
* Papal farm
* Gardens of the Villa Cybo
* Villa Barberini
* Adjacent gardens
* Pontifical College Josephinum
* Summer estate of Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide
* Vatican Radio antennae area of Santa Maria di Galeria

| Non-
extraterritorial|

* Basilica della Santa Casa
* Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
* Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua

|

See also|

* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Awards
* Papal household
* Peter's Pence
* Roman Rota
* Apostolic Penitentiary
* Apostolic Signatura
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican.va

* Vatican City portal
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|

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Middle Ages|

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Modern era|

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| General|

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|

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Sacraments|

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Mariology|

* Assumption
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* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
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* See also:
* Science
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Saints|

* Holy Family
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Organisation
Hierarchy
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Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

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|

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Consecrated life|

* Religious:
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Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
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Catholic liturgy|

* Eastern Catholic liturgy
* Alexandrian
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* West Syriac
* Malankara
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Culture|

* Art
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* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Press [it]
* L'Osservatore Romano
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* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

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Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Lay
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* Youth
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* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
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* Saint Francis
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* Fimcap
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* Sant'Egidio
* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Catholic Charities USA
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

* Catholic Church portal
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