Council of Ministers (Albania)

Executive body of the Albanian government

Council of Ministers

Këshilli i Ministrave
Overview
Established| 4 December 1912
State| Republic of Albania
Leader| Prime Minister
Appointed by| President of the Republic
Ministries| 17[a]
Responsible to| Parliament of Albania
Headquarters| Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard 7, 1010 Tirana, Albania
Website| kryeministria.al

Politics of Albania

Constitution

* Human rights

Executive

* President: Bajram Begaj (list)
* Prime Minister: Edi Rama (list)
* Deputy Prime Minister: Belinda Balluku (list)
* Cabinet

Legislature

* Parliament
* Speaker: Elisa Spiropali (list)
* Committees
* Members
* Leader of the Opposition

Judiciary

* Constitutional Court
* Administrative Court
* Court of Justice (ordinary jurisdiction)
* Supreme Court

Administrative divisions

* Counties
* Municipalities
*     * Cities
* Villages

Elections

* Recent elections
* Presidential
*     * 2012
* 2017
* 2022

* Parliamentary
*     * 2017
* 2021
* 2025

* Local
*     * 2015
* 2019
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* Referendums
*     * 1994
* 1997
* 1998

* Political parties
* Parliamentary
*     * PD
* PS
* PL
* PDIU
* PSD
* PR
* PBDNJ
* PM
* DJATHTAS
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* LZhK
* PLL
* KEA

Foreign relations

* Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs
* Minister: Igli Hasani

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Albania

* * *

* Nationality law
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Albania

* v
* t
* e

The Council of Ministers (Albanian: Këshilli i Ministrave) is the principal executive organ of the Albanian government. The Council is led by the Prime Minister of Albania and includes 17 other ministers, nominated by the Prime Minister and confirmed by the Albanian parliament. The Council is responsible for carrying out both foreign and domestic policies. It directs and controls the activities of the ministries its members lead as well as other executive state bodies.[1]

The Prime Minister is nominated by the President of Albania based on the proposal of the majority party or coalition in the parliament. The nominee must then secure a vote of confidence in parliament to be appointed. If the parliament does not have confidence in the nominee, the President presents another within 10 days.[b] Once appointed, the Prime Minister presents his policy program and proposed cabinet before the Parliament where the government, as a whole, is confirmed.[2]

The Deputy Prime Minister takes over the functions of the prime minister in his absence.

As of April 2017, after a reshuffle, 50% of the cabinet ministers are women.

## Overview

[edit]

### Rank

[edit]

Council members are subdivided into three substantial ranks, along with one honorary rank:

* Prime Minister,
* Deputy Prime Minister,
* Ministers, which are the highest-ranking members of the Government
* Deputy Ministers, that assist ministers in specialized areas of their portfolio and
* General Secretaries (Sekretari i Përgjithshëm) that assist ministers in less important areas and occasionally attend sessions of the Council of Ministers.

### Role

[edit]

The Council is responsible to the Parliament of Albania. The Parliament can pass a motion of no confidence or refuse to pass a motion of confidence, forcing the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers to resign. This has the effect of forcing the Government to be composed of members from the majority political party in the Assembly or to be allied to the majority in a coalition.

Ministers are required to answer written or oral questions put to them by members of Parliament. In addition, ministers attend sessions of the Parliament when laws concerning their departmental portfolios are under consideration. While neither ministers nor the Prime Minister are required to be members of parliament, many often are.

The Council of Ministers can propose bills to Parliament. These government proposals very rarely fail, given the government should, theoretically, always enjoy the confidence of parliament and therefore have a majority for any legislation it would like to pass.

The Council can also unilaterally release binding secondary legislation, known as Decisions of the Council of Ministers (Albanian: Vendime të Këshillit të Ministrave - VKM), based on the powers granted to it in primary legislation passed by Parliament.

## History

[edit]

With the unilateral declaration of Albania's Independence on 28 November 1912 by the Ottoman Empire, one of the first governing bodies to emerge from the All-Albanian Congress was the formation of the Provisional Government and the Council of Ministers as the highest executive body in the country.[3] However, the government did not last long due to its non-recognition by some of the Great Powers of the time. On 29 July 1913, Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, and Italy, together with Greece and Romania as interested parties, agreed to adopt the Organic Statute of Albania (Statuti Organik i Shqipërisë) which would serve as the first constitution of the new state created.[4] The statute sanctioned since in the 1st Article that Albania was a constitutional, sovereign, and hereditary Principality under the guarantee of the six Great Powers. Its formal adoption took place in Vlorë on 14 January 1914. On 22 January 1914, Ismail Qemali, one of the founders of the Albanian state and head of the Provisional Government, was forced to resign and hand it over to the International Control Commission (Komisioni Ndërkombëtar i Kontrollit të Kufinjve) which would serve as the highest executive body until the appointment of the monarch from the Great Powers and his arrival in Albania.[5]

The Statute in Chapter V entitled § Government Bodies sanctioned the central government institutions, as well as their competencies and duties. Article 72 states: The Albanian Government consists of a Council of Ministers headed by a prime minister. While in the next article it described the composition of the council, where there are a total of 4 ministries, which are: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Finances and the Ministry of Justice, while the prime minister simultaneously exercised also the role of Minister of Foreign Affairs. The PM, as well as all ministers were appointed by the Prince, whose oath before taking office should be taken, as well as the handover of office after resignation. Although the statute sanctioned only 4 ministries, in the first government appointed by Prince Wilhelm, there were more departments than anticipated.[6]

## Incumbent Government

[edit]

Main articles: Rama I Government, Rama II Government, and Rama III Government

Office  | Portrait  | Incumbent  | Term started

|
|
|

Prime Minister |  | Edi Rama
(born 1964)
| PS | 15 September 2013 (2013-09-15)

13 September 2017 (2017-09-13)
18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

4,302 days

Deputy Prime Minister |  | Belinda Balluku
(born 1973)
| PS | 25 July 2022 (2022-07-25)

1,065 days

Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs |  | Igli Hasani[7]

| PS | 12 September 2023 (2023-09-12)

651 days

Minister of Defence |  | Niko Peleshi
(born 1970)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of Internal Affairs |  | Ervin Hoxha
(born 1978) | PS | 30 July 2024 (2024-07-30)

329 days

Minister of Finances and Economy |  | Delina Ibrahimaj
(born 1983)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of Infrastructure and Energy |  | Belinda Balluku
(born 1973)
| PS | 17 January 2019 (2019-01-17)
18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

2,350 days

Minister of Education and Sports |  | Ogerta Manastirliu
(born 1978)
| PS | 12 September 2023 (2023-09-12)

651 days

Minister of Justice |  | Ulsi Manja
(born 1973)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of Culture |  | Elva Margariti
(born 1980)
| PS | 17 January 2019 (2019-01-17)
18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

2,350 days

Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development |  | Frida Krifca
(born 1978)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of Health and Social Protection |  | Ogerta Manastirliu
(born 1980)
| PS | 13 September 2017 (2017-09-13)
18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

2,841 days

Minister of State for Relations with Parliament |  | Elisa Spiropali
(born 1983)
| PS | 17 January 2019 (2019-01-17)
18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

2,350 days

Minister of Tourism and Environment |  | Mirela Kumbaro
(born 1966)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of State for Youth and Children |  | Bora Muzhaqi
(born 1990)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of State for Standards and Services |  | Milva Ekonomi
(born 1962)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

Minister of State for Entrepreneurs |  | Edona Bilali
(born 1989)
| PS | 18 September 2021 (2021-09-18)

1,375 days

## Governments of Albania (1912–present)

[edit]

No.  | Government  | Mandate  | Days

|
|
|

1st  | Provisional Government | 4 December 1912  | 22 January 1914  | 414
–  | International Control Commission | 22 January 1914  | 17 March 1914  | 54
2nd  | Përmeti I Government | 17 March 1914  | 3 September 1914  | 170
3rd  | Toptani Government | 5 October 1914  | 27 January 1916  | 479
–  | vacant | 23 January 1916  | 30 October 1918  | 1011
4th  | Government of Durrës | 25 December 1918  | 29 January 1920  | 400
5th  | Delvina Government | 30 January 1920  | 14 November 1920  | 289
6th  | Vrioni I Government | 19 November 1920  | 1 July 1921  | 224
7th  | Vrioni II Government | 11 July 1921  | 11 October 1921  | 92
8th  | Sacred Union Government | 16 October 1921  | 6 December 1921  | 51
9th  | Koculi Government | 6 December 1921  | 6 December 1921  | 0[c]
10th  | Prishtina Government | 7 December 1921  | 12 December 1921  | 5
11th  | Kosturi Government | 12 December 1921  | 24 December 1921  | 12
12th  | Ypi Government | 24 December 1921  | 2 December 1922  | 343
13th  | Zogu I Government | 2 December 1922  | 25 February 1924  | 450
14th  | Vërlaci I Government | 3 March 1924  | 27 May 1924  | 85
15th  | Vrioni III Government | 30 May 1924  | 10 June 1924  | 11
16th  | Noli Government | 16 June 1924  | 24 December 1924  | 191
17th  | Zogu II Government | 6 January 1925  | 31 January 1925  | 25
18th  | Zogu III Government | 1 February 1925  | 23 September 1925  | 234
19th  | Zogu IV Government | 28 September 1925  | 10 February 1927  | 500
20th  | Zogu V Government | 12 February 1927  | 20 October 1927  | 250
21st  | Zogu VI Government | 24 October 1927  | 10 May 1928  | 199
22nd  | Zogu VII Government | 11 May 1928  | 1 September 1928  | 113
23rd  | Kotta I Government | 5 September 1928  | 5 March 1930  | 546
24th  | Evangjeli II Government | 6 March 1930  | 11 April 1931  | 401
25th  | Evangjeli III Government | 20 April 1931  | 7 December 1932  | 597
26th  | Evangjeli IV Government | 11 January 1933  | 16 October 1935  | 1008
27th  | Frashëri Government | 21 October 1935  | 7 November 1936  | 383
28th  | Kotta II Government | 9 November 1936  | 7 April 1939  | 879
–  | Interim Administrative Committee | 8 April 1939  | 12 April 1939  | 4
29th  | Vërlaci II Government | 12 April 1939  | 3 December 1941  | 966
30th  | Merlika-Kruja Government | 3 December 1941  | 4 January 1943  | 397
31st  | Libohova I Government | 18 January 1943  | 11 February 1943  | 24
32nd  | Bushati Government | 12 February 1943  | 28 April 1943  | 75
33rd  | Libohova II Government | 11 May 1943  | 12 September 1943  | 124
–  | Interim Executive Committee | 14 September 1943  | 4 November 1943  | 51
34th  | Mitrovica Government | 5 November 1943  | 16 June 1944  | 224
35th  | Dine Government | 18 July 1944  | 28 August 1944  | 41
36th  | Biçaku Government | 6 September 1944  | 25 October 1944  | 49
37th  | Democratic Government of Albania[d] | 23 October 1944  | 21 March 1946  | 514
38th  | Hoxha II Government | 22 March 1946  | 4 July 1950  | 1565
39th  | Hoxha III Government | 5 July 1950  | 19 July 1954  | 1475
40th  | Shehu I Government | 20 July 1954  | 21 June 1958  | 1432
41st  | Shehu II Government | 22 June 1958  | 16 July 1962  | 1485
42nd  | Shehu III Government | 17 July 1962  | 13 September 1966  | 1519
43rd  | Shehu IV Government | 14 September 1966  | 18 November 1970  | 1526
44th  | Shehu V Government | 19 November 1970  | 28 October 1974  | 1439
45th  | Shehu VI Government | 28 October 1974  | 26 December 1978  | 1520
46th  | Shehu VII Government | 27 December 1978  | 18 December 1981  | 1087
47th  | Çarçani I Government | 15 January 1982  | 23 November 1982  | 312
48th  | Çarçani II Government | 23 November 1982  | 19 February 1987  | 1549
49th  | Çarçani III Government | 20 February 1987  | 21 February 1991  | 1462
50th  | Nano I Government | 22 February 1991  | 11 May 1991  | 78
51st  | Nano II Government | 11 May 1991  | 12 June 1991  | 32
52nd  | Government of Stability | 12 June 1991  | 6 December 1991  | 177
53rd  | Technical Government | 18 December 1991  | 13 April 1992  | 117
54th  | Meksi I Government | 13 April 1992  | 10 July 1996  | 1549
55th  | Meksi II Government | 11 July 1996  | 1 March 1997  | 233
56th  | Government of National Reconciliation | 12 March 1997  | 24 July 1997  | 134
57th  | Nano III Government | 25 July 1997  | 28 September 1998  | 65
58th  | Majko I Government | 2 October 1998  | 25 October 1999  | 392
59th  | Meta I Government | 28 October 1999  | 6 September 2001  | 679
60th  | Meta II Government | 6 September 2001  | 29 January 2002  | 145
61st  | Majko II Government | 22 February 2002  | 25 July 2002  | 153
62nd  | Nano IV Government | 29 July 2002  | 10 September 2005  | 1139
63rd  | Berisha I Government | 11 September 2005  | 17 September 2009  | 1467
64th  | Berisha II Government | 17 September 2009  | 15 September 2013  | 1459
65th  | Rama I Government | 17 September 2013  | 13 September 2017  | 1457
66th  | Rama II Government | 13 September 2017  | 18 September 2021  | 1466
67th  | Rama III Government | 18 September 2021  | Incumbent | 1375

## See also

[edit]

* Politics of Albania
* Prime Minister of Albania

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Not including the Office of the Prime Minister
2. ^ If the second nomination of the President once again fails to secure the confidence of the parliament, then the parliament itself must nominate the Prime Minister with a majority vote. If it fails to do so, the President dissolves the parliament.
3. ^ The government stayed in office for only 20 hours, wherein the evening of the same day resigned.
4. ^ The quisling Biçaku Government served until October 25, 1944, while the first Hoxha Government, otherwise known as the "Democratic Government of Albania" (a precursor of the Anti-Fascist National Liberation Council) which was a provisional shadow government, started its term two days prior, on October 23.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Albania (03/99)". US Department of State. Retrieved 29 March 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. ^ "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 19.
3. ^ Dervishi, Kastriot (2012). Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet. Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese "55". ISBN 978-99943-56-22-5.
4. ^ Evans, Malcolm D. (2008-01-03). Religious Liberty and International Law in Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 74\. ISBN 978-0-521-04761-6.
5. ^ Gjevori, Elvin (2018-02-28). Democratisation and Institutional Reform in Albania. Springer. p. 11\. ISBN 978-3-319-73071-4.
6. ^ "Statuti Organik i Shqipërisë" (PDF). constitutions.albasio.eu. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
7. ^ www.kryeministria.al https://www.kryeministria.al/en/ministrat/igli-hasani/. Retrieved 2023-10-28. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in Albanian and English)

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