County of Coimbra

Coimbra

Viseu

Lamego

Santa Maria da Feira

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County of Coimbra, consisting of the lands of Coimbra, Viseu, Lamego and Santa Maria da Feira on a map of in modern Portugal

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The County of Coimbra (Portuguese: Condado de Coimbra) was a political entity consisting of the lands of Coimbra, Viseu, Lamego and Santa Maria da Feira, in modern Portugal.

During the Visigothic era (from the 5th to the early 8th century), the County of Coimbra, with its seat in Coimbra (Emínio), was created by king Wittiza (c. 687 – probably 710) as a sub-county of his dominion, established as a fief for his son Ardabast (Artabasdus), who became Count of the Christians of Coimbra.[1]

The first Muslim campaigns that occupied the Iberian Peninsula occurred between 711 and 715, with Coimbra capitulating to Musa bin Nusair in 714. Under Moorish domain, the city of Coimbra (Qulumriyah) maintained an autonomous christian community, with a line of so called Christian Counts of Coimbra.[2][3]

The County appears within the Kingdom of Asturias following the reconquest of the region, when the lands were granted to Hermenegildo Gutiérrez,[4][5] who over the next four decades was largely responsible for the resettlement of the depopulated province. He and his immediate successors were counts,[6] and held Coimbra, but were not explicitly counts of Coimbra, although they are sometimes referred to as such retrospectively.

The first nobleman specifically to be called count of Coimbra was Gonzalo Muñoz,[7] who was probably a scion of the family of Hermenegildo. Becoming count around 959, he was one of the most powerful noblemen in the western part of the kingdom until he rose in rebellion against King Bermudo II of León and was probably killed during the region's subjugation. The degree to which his successors were alienated from their monarch can be seen when, following the region's recapture in 987 by the Moors of Al-Mansur, Gonzalo's sons joined that general in his sack of Santiago de Compostela in 997.[8][9][10]

The city of Coimbra was permanently secured by the Christians in 1064, having been taken by the troops of King Ferdinand I of León, led by the mozarab Sisnando Davides who would then be named its count.[11][12][13][14]

It ceased to be an independent political entity when it was incorporated in the territory of the Second County of Portugal at the time of the latter's restoration in 1096 under Henry of Burgundy, and subsequently formed part of the newly founded Kingdom of Portugal under Henry's son, Afonso I.

## List of counts

[edit]

Statue of Martin Muñoz, last Count of Coimbra (before integration in County of Portucale), at the Bridge of San Pablo, Burgos.

Christian Counts of Coimbra[2]

* Ardabast (710-714), count of the Christians of Coimbra[1]
* Flavio Sizibuto (682 - 734), Judge of Coimbra, count of the Christians of Coimbra[15][16]
* Flavio Ataúlfo, Count of Coimbra and ruler or the Christians on Coimbra territory[17]
* Flavio Alarico (732 - 805), count of the Christians of Coimbra[18]
* Flavio Teodosio (790 -?), count of the Christians of Coimbra (c. 757 - after 805)[19][20]
* Teodorico, heir to his father's county

Early holders of Coimbra who were counts

* Hermenegildo Gutiérrez (878 - 920); (Conqueror of Coimbra) Dux Bellorum of Coimbra[21]
* Arias Menéndez (920 - 924), son of Hermenegildo[22]
* Gutier Menéndez (924 - 934), son of Hermenegildo[23][24][22][6]
* Munio Gutiérrez (934 - 959), son of Gutierre, son-in-law of Arias[25]

Counts of Coimbra, first creation

* Gonzalo Muñoz (959 - 981), probably son of Munio[7]
* Munio González (983 - 987), son of Gonzalo[citation needed]
* Froila Gonçalves (987 - 1017), under Muslim domain, brother of Munio González[9][10]

Counts of Coimbra, second creation

* Sisnando Davides (1064/1075 – 1091)[14]
* Martín Muñoz (1091 – 1093), son-in-law of Sisnando

## See also

[edit]

* Portugal in the Reconquista

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b García Moreno, Luis A. (2008). "Prosopography, Nomenclature, and Royal Succession in the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo". Journal of Late Antiquity: 153.
2. ^ a b Rei, António (2014). "Os Condes de Coímbra no século VIII Ascendências e Descendências". Armas e Troféus. IX Série (Tomo XVI): 295–312.
3. ^ Corte-Real, António Moniz Barreto (1831). "1". Bellezas de Coimbra by António Moniz Barreto Corte-Real. Coimbra: Real Imprensa da Universidade. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.
4. ^ Mattoso, José (1981). A nobreza medieval portuguesa, a família e o poder . Lisbon: Editorial Estampa, p. 115, OCLC 8242615
5. ^ "OF PORTUGAL, Hermengildo Gutierrez b. Abt 842 Portugal d. Aft May 912: Laidman families worldwide". laidman.one-name.net. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
6. ^ a b "Árvore genealógica de Gutierre (Guterre) MENENDEZ (Duc de COIMBRA), Conde de CELANOVA, De Galicie". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-17.
7. ^ a b "Árvore genealógica de Gonzalo MUÑOZ ,Conde de Coimbra, De Coimbra". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-17.
8. ^ Castellanos Gómez, Juan (2002). Geoestrategia en la España musulmana: las campañas militares de Almanzor. Ministerio de Defensa. p. 127, ISBN 9788478239672
9. ^ a b Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre (2020), Coelho, André Madruga; Sousa, Silvana R. Vieira de (eds.), "Froila Gonçalves. O condado de Coimbra, caudilhismo de fronteira e a defensio de cenóbios no Ocidente Peninsular", Juvenes - The Middle Ages seen by young researchers, Biblioteca - Estudos & Colóquios (in Portuguese), Évora: Publicações do Cidehus, ISBN 979-10-365-5865-8, retrieved 2024-06-17
10. ^ a b "FamilySearch.org". ancestors.familysearch.org. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
11. ^ Menéndez Pidal, Ramón; García Gómez, Emilio (1947). El conde mozárabe Sisnando Davídiz y la política de Alfonso VI con los Taifas. Vol. 12. pp. 27–41. ISSN 0304-4335
12. ^ Morujão, Maria do Rosário Barbosa (2006). "The Coimbra See and its Chancery in Medieval Times" (PDF). E-JPH. 4 (2): 2.
13. ^ Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre (2020). "As relações entre o Mosteiro de São Salvador da Vacariça, as elites regionais e os concilia do condado de Coimbra (século XI)". Governar a cidade na Europa medieval, 2020, ISBN 978-972-9040-19-1, págs. 367-382. Instituto de Estudos Medievais. Universidade Nova de Lisboa: 367–382. ISBN 978-972-9040-19-1.
14. ^ a b Alarcão, Jorge de (2021). "Coimbra e sua região no tempo de D. Sesnando". Portugalia: Revista de Arqueologia do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. 42: 159–173. doi:10.21747/09714290/port42a8. ISSN 0871-4290.
15. ^ Nobiliario de los reinos y señoríos de España. By Francisco Piferrer. 1857.
16. ^ "Flavio Sisebuto, conde de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2023-10-28. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
17. ^ Historia de la muy Ilustre Casa de Sousa. 1770.
18. ^ "Flávio Alarico "Atanarico" de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
19. ^ "Conde Don Flávio Teodósio Soares de Coimbra, Conde de Coimbra". geni_family_tree. 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
20. ^ "Árvore genealógica de Flávio Teodósio Soares de Coimbra Thiodo". Geneanet (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-06-18.
21. ^ "Family tree of Conde y Duque de la Tudesia Hermenegildo Gutierrez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
22. ^ a b "Manuel Abranches de Soveral - Os Ribadouro". www.soveral.info. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
23. ^ "MENENDEZ, Gutierre b. Abt 875 Portugal d. Abt 924: Laidman families worldwide". laidman.one-name.net. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
24. ^ "Family tree of Conde de Celanova Gutierre Menéndez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
25. ^ "Family tree of Munio Gutiérrez". Geneanet. Retrieved 2024-06-17.

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