Coyote (racial category)

Racial term

De Mestizo y de India; Coyote. Miguel Cabrera, 1763, oil on canvas, Waldo-Dentzel Art Center. De mestizo e india, sale coiote. Anonymous, 18th century (From a Mestizo man and an Amerindian woman, a coyote is begotten). De Castizo y India, Coyota. Anonymous, 18th century Mexico.

Coyote (fem. Coyota) (from the Nahuatl word coyotl, coyote) is a colonial Spanish American racial term for a mixed-race person casta that usually refers to a person born of parents, one of whom a Mestizo (mixed Spanish + Indigenous) and the other indigenous (indio).

## Representation

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The casta paintings by Miguel Cabrera (1763) show the place of the coyote in the idealized colonial racial hierarchy (sistema de castas).[1] In colonial Mexico, the term varied regionally, with "regional differences determin[ing] just how much native ancestry qualified a person to be a coyote."[2]

## See also

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* Casta
* Cholo

## References

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1. ^ Katzew, Ilona. Casta Painting: Images of Race in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.
2. ^ Vinson, Ben III. Before Mestizaje: The Frontiers of Race and Caste in Colonial Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press 2018, p. 70.

## Further reading

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* Katzew, Ilona. Casta Painting: Images of Race in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.

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Casta terms for interracial marriage in Spanish America

| Parent  | Black | ———  | Peninsular | ———  | Peninsular | ———  | Amerindian | ———  | Black

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|  | ↓  |  | ↓  |  | ↓  |  | ↓
1st generation |  | Mulatto |  | Criollo |  | Mestizo |  | Zambo
|  | ↓  |  | ↓  |  | ↓  |  | ↓
2nd generation (with one Spanish parent) |  | Cuarterón de negro |  | Criollo |  | Castizo |  | Moreno
2nd generation (with one Amerindian parent) |  | Chino  |  | Mestizo |  | Cholo |  | Cambujo
2nd generation (with one black parent) |  | Negro fino  |  | Mulato |  | Cimarrón |  | Prieto
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