Crataegus douglasii

Species of hawthorn

"Black Hawthorn" redirects here. For the steam locomotive manufacturer, see Black, Hawthorn & Co.

Crataegus douglasii

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Rosales
Family:  | Rosaceae
Genus:  | Crataegus
Species:  |

C. douglasii

Binomial name
Crataegus douglasii

Lindl.

Natural range of Crataegus douglasii
Synonyms

C. brockwayae Sarg.[1]
C. columbiana Howell[2]

Crataegus douglasii is a North American species of hawthorn known by the common names black hawthorn and Douglas' thornapple. It is most abundant in the Pacific Northwest.

## Description[edit]

Crataegus douglasii is a compact erect bushy shrub growing to 8–9 metres (26–30 feet) tall with a trunk of up to 10 centimetres (4 inches) thick.[3] It is covered in fan-shaped green leaves about 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) long[3] with teeth along the distal margin. Thorns along the branches are 1–2.5 cm long.[3]

White flowers with greenish centers grow in bunches at the ends of each thin branch. The fruit is a blackish pome up to about 1 cm across, containing 3–5 rocklike seeds.[3]

## Taxonomy[edit]

The species is named after David Douglas, who collected seed from the plant during his botanical explorations.[4]

Formerly placed within the species, Crataegus douglasii var. duchesnensis is now considered to be a synonym of Crataegus saligna.

## Distribution[edit]

The thorny shrub is native to northern and western North America, where it grows in varied habitats from forest to scrubland. It is most abundant in the Pacific Northwest.

## Ecology[edit]

The foliage is browsed by cattle and sheep. Various birds, including quail, the Hungarian partridge, and ring-necked pheasant feed on the berries,[4][5] as do bears and other animals.[3] Magpies nest in the branches.[3] The species is a larval host to the gray hairstreak, mourning cloak, pale tiger swallowtail, and western tiger swallowtail.[6]

## Uses[edit]

The fruits were a good food source for Native American peoples such as the Cheyenne and Nlaka'pamux.[citation needed]

## Gallery[edit]

* Straight, stout thorns are one to two centimeters long.[7]

* The white flowers have greenish centers.

* Crataegus douglasii

* The leaf margin is toothed and usually slightly lobed.

* Crataegus douglasii leaves changing color in fall.

* The mature bark is grey and rough.[8]

*   *   * Crataegus douglasii

* Crataegus douglasii JEPS109866 (4496863581)

## See also[edit]

* List of hawthorn species with black fruit

## References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crataegus douglasii.

* USDA Forest Service: Fire Effects Information System

1. ^ Kruschke, E.P. (1965). "Contributions to the taxonomy of Crataegus". Milwaukee Public Museum Publications in Botany. 3: 11–273.
2. ^ Phipps, J.B. (1995). "The identity of Crataegus columbiana and its relationship to C. piperi (Rosaceae)". Taxon. 44 (3): 405–8. doi:10.2307/1223414. JSTOR 1223414.
3. ^ a b c d e f Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. pp. 248–249. ISBN 1-68051-329-X. OCLC 1141235469.
4. ^ a b Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 392. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
5. ^ Peattie, Donald Culross (1953). A Natural History of Western Trees. New York: Bonanza Books. p. 519.
6. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
7. ^ "Crataegus douglasii". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
8. ^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Lone Pine. p. 73\. ISBN 1-55105-042-0.

## External links[edit]

* Jepson Manual Treatment - Crataegus douglasii
* U.Mich: Ethnobotany
* Crataegus douglasii \- Photo gallery

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q918920
* Wikispecies: Crataegus douglasii
* Calflora: 2412
* CoL: Z7XB
* EoL: 630576
* EPPO: CSCDO
* FEIS: cradou
* GBIF: 3013580
* GRIN: 12096
* iNaturalist: 76469
* IPNI: 723298-1
* ITIS: 24557
* IUCN: 135957326
* MichiganFlora: 2446
* MoBotPF: 286489
* NatureServe: 2.735775
* NBN: NHMSYS0000457667
* NCBI: 510719
* Open Tree of Life: 747444
* PfaF: Crataegus douglasii
* Plant List: rjp-3554
* PLANTS: CRDO2
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:723298-1
* Tropicos: 27801516
* VASCAN: 8675
* WisFlora: 3255
* WFO: wfo-0001003993

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