Crossover thrash

Fusion genre combining thrash metal and hardcore punk

Not to be confused with thrashcore, which is a fast-tempo subgenre of hardcore punk.

Crossover thrash

Stylistic origins|

* Thrash metal
* hardcore punk

Cultural origins| Early 1980s, United States (Greater Los Angeles Area, New York City, San Francisco, Bay Area, Houston). Mid-1980s, Australia (Sydney).
Typical instruments|

* Vocals
* electric guitar
* bass guitar
* drums

Derivative forms|

* Metalcore
* heavy hardcore

Fusion genres

* Groove metal

Regional scenes

* Southern California

Local scenes

* New York

Other topics

* Crossover music
* crust punk
* grindcore
* skate punk
* thrashcore
* extreme metal

Crossover thrash (often abbreviated to crossover) is a fusion genre of thrash metal and hardcore punk. The genre lies on a continuum between heavy metal and hardcore punk. Other genres on the same continuum, such as metalcore and grindcore, may overlap with crossover thrash.

## Terminological ambiguity

[edit]

The genre is often confused with thrashcore, which is essentially a faster hardcore punk rather than a more punk-oriented form of metal.[1][2] Throughout the early and mid 1980s, the term "thrash" was often used as a synonym for hardcore punk (as in the New York Thrash compilation of 1982). The term "thrashcore" to distinguish acts of the genre from others was not coined until at least 1993.[3] Many crossover bands, such as D.R.I.,[4] began as influential thrashcore bands.[1] The "-core" suffix of "thrashcore" is sometimes used to distinguish it from crossover thrash and thrash metal, the latter of which is often referred to simply as "thrash", which in turn is rarely used to refer to crossover thrash or thrashcore. Thrashcore is occasionally used by the music press to refer to thrash metal-inflected metalcore.[5]

## History

[edit]

Crossover thrash evolved when performers in metal began borrowing elements of hardcore punk's music. Void and their 1982 Split LP with fellow D.C. band The Faith are hailed as one of the earliest examples of hardcore/heavy metal crossover and their chaotic musical approach is often cited as particularly influential.[6][7][8] Punk-based metal bands generally evolved into the genre by developing a more technically advanced approach than the average hardcore outfit (which focused on very fast tempos and very brief songs);[9] these bands were more metal-sounding and aggressive than traditional hardcore punk and thrashcore.[10] The initial contact between punk rock and heavy metal involved a "fair amount of mutual loathing. Despite their shared devotion to speed, spite, shredded attire and stomping on distortion pedals, their relationship seemed, at first, unlikely."[11]

While Motörhead explored punk in the late '70s, it was UK hardcore that drew "...inspiration from metal's volcanic heart" to create a "bludgeoning tonality and cataclysmic narratives" that "bridged the gulf" between metal and punk; the key band is "UK hardcore's most crucial band: Discharge", which from 1980 to 1983 "challenged prevailing notions of what punk was supposed to sound like, and in doing so revolutionized the prospects of metal."[11]

Especially early on, crossover thrash had a strong affinity with skate punk, but gradually became more and more the province of metal audiences. The scene gestated at a Berkeley club called Ruthie's, in 1984.[12] The term "metalcore" was originally used to refer to these crossover groups.[1]

Mike Muir, frontman of crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies, who are often referred to as pioneers of the genre

As Steven Blush said,

> It was natural. The most intense music, after Black Flag and Dead Kennedys, was Slayer and Metallica. Therefore, that's where everybody was going. That turned into a culture war, basically."[13]

Hardcore punk groups Corrosion of Conformity,[14][15][16][17] D.R.I.,[18] Ludichrist,[19] and Suicidal Tendencies toured heavily.[20][21] This scene influenced the skinhead wing of New York hardcore, including crossover groups such as Cro-Mags,[22] Murphy's Law, Agnostic Front,[23] and Warzone.[24]

In the October 1984 issue of Maximum Rocknroll, famed Metallica LP cover artist Brian "Pushead" Schroeder wrote "You ain't heard this! Blisters with speedcore franticness, mean with whining licks as it kicks into a maniac pace. Well organized melodies that cry out in terrorizing metallic thrash. While some bands are trying to be metal, English Dogs are just the dawning of speedcore!", referring to the EP To the End's of the Earth. Other prominent crossover thrash groups include Crumbsuckers,[4] Cryptic Slaughter,[4] Discharge, Ludichrist,[25] Municipal Waste and Stormtroopers of Death.[18][26][4]

## See also

[edit]

* List of crossover thrash bands

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Felix von Havoc. "Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198". Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
2. ^ "Powerviolence: The Dysfunctional Family of Bllleeeeaaauuurrrgghhh!!". Terrorizer no. 172. July 2008. p. 36-37.
3. ^ As Max Ward writes, "625 started in 1993 in order to help out the local Bay Area thrashcore scene." Ward, Max (2000). "About 625". 625 Thrashcore. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
4. ^ a b c d DiStefano, Alex (February 23, 2015). "The 10 Best Crossover Thrash Bands". LA Weekly. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
5. ^ Stewart Voegtlin, "Soulfly Cranks Up the Thrash and Triggers a Debacle", Village Voice, July 29, 2008. [1] Access date: July 31, 2008.
6. ^ Burton, Brent (August 30, 2011). "Two classic D.C. hardcore bands empty their vaults". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
7. ^ "Faith/Void Split". Sputnikmusic. June 5, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
8. ^ "The Faith/Void Split LP". Allmusic. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
9. ^ "Fast, Cheap and Out of Control/Director Paul Rachman retraces the history of punk rock". Filmmaker Magazine. September 22, 2006.
10. ^ "Hardcore And Crust". Metal Music Archives. June 5, 2011. Archived from the original on September 29, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
11. ^ a b Hayes, Craig (May 29, 2012). "Love, and Other Indelible Stains". www.popmatters.com. Pop Matters. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
12. ^ Blush, p. 115
13. ^ Reed, Bryan C. "Corrosion of Conformity: An oral history of 30 years | Music Essay". Indy Week. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
14. ^ Blush, p. 193
15. ^ "Mywire.com". Mywire.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
16. ^ "Welcome to ActivePaper". Digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
17. ^ "Pickups.(guitar playing and recording techniques of artists and music groups)". Guitar Player. February 1, 2001.
18. ^ a b Peter Jandreus, The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987, Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.
19. ^ "Thrash Producers: The Sound and the Fury". August 17, 2010.
20. ^ Christe, Ian: Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003), p. 184
21. ^ "Rockpages.gr interview with Suicidal Tendencies". Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
22. ^ "1986's Best Heavy Metal Albums". Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
23. ^ Blush, p. 186
24. ^ Blush, p. 188
25. ^ Alexandros Anesiadis, Crossover The Edge: Where Hardcore, Punk and Metal Collide, London: PCherry Red Books, 2019, p. 36.
26. ^ "Anthrax Trying To Find Their Voice; Plus Danzig, Children Of Bodom & More News That Rules, In Metal File". MTV. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2018.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Blush, Steven and Petros, George (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. Los Angeles: Feral House. ISBN 0-922915-71-7.
* Waksman, Steve (2009). This Ain't the Summer of Love: Conflict and Crossover in Heavy Metal and Punk. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25310-0.

* v
* t
* e

Extreme metal

Genres|

* Black metal
* National Socialist
* symphonic
* unblack
* death metal
* melodic
* technical
* doom metal
* speed metal
* thrash metal

Fusion genres|

* Blackened death metal
* blackgaze
* crossover thrash
* crust punk
* death-doom
* funeral doom
* death 'n' roll
* drone metal
* grindcore
* goregrind
* pornogrind
* metalcore
* deathcore
* electronicore
* mathcore
* melodic
* Nintendocore
* progressive
* pagan metal
* sludge metal
* stoner rock
* Viking metal

Derivative forms|

* Avant-garde metal
* beatdown hardcore
* dungeon synth
* funk metal
* gothic metal
* groove metal
* grunge
* hyperpop
* neoclassical metal
* nu metal
* post-metal
* power metal

Notable scenes|

* Australian thrash metal
* Bay Area thrash metal
* Brazilian thrash metal
* Early Norwegian black metal scene
* Florida death metal
* Les Légions Noires
* Palm Desert Scene
* Swedish death metal
* Teutonic thrash metal

Other topics|

* Death growl
* hardcore punk
* heavy metal genres
* moshing
* New wave of British heavy metal
* screaming

* List of bands

* v
* t
* e

Hardcore punk

Styles|

* Bandana thrash
* Beatdown hardcore
* Black metal
* Christian hardcore
* Crossover thrash
* Crunkcore
* Crust punk
* D-beat
* Deathcore
* Death metal
* Digital hardcore
* Electronicore
* Goregrind
* Grindcore
* Krishnacore
* Mathcore
* Melodic hardcore
* Melodic metalcore
* Metalcore
* Nardcore
* Nintendocore
* Pornogrind
* Post-hardcore
* Emo
* Powerviolence
* Progressive metalcore
* Queercore
* Riot grrrl
* Screamo
* Skacore
* Skate punk
* Sludge metal
* Speed metal
* Street punk
* Taqwacore
* Thrash metal
* Thrashcore

Regional scenes|

| International|

* Argentina
* Australia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Greece
* Italy
* Japan
* Yugoslavia

|

United States|

* Boston
* California
* Chicago
* Minneapolis
* New York
* Washington, D.C.

Other topics|

* List of hardcore punk bands
* List of hardcore punk subgenres
* Deathcore
* DIY ethic
* Hardline
* Hardcore skinhead
* List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock
* Moshing
* Oi!
* Poseur
* Punk ideologies
* Punk rock
* Punk subculture (includes section on hardcore)
* Straight edge
* Youth crew

* v
* t
* e

Heavy metal

Subgenres and
fusion genres|

* Alternative metal
* Avant-garde metal
* Beatdown hardcore
* Biker metal
* Black metal
* National Socialist
* Symphonic
* Unblack
* Blackened death metal
* Blackgaze
* Christian metal
* Crust punk
* Death metal
* Melodic
* Technical
* Death 'n' roll
* Deathcore
* Death-doom
* Funeral doom
* Djent
* Doom metal
* Drone metal
* Electronicore
* Extreme metal
* Folk metal
* Celtic metal
* Medieval metal
* Funk metal
* Glam metal
* Goregrind
* Gothic metal
* Grindcore
* Grunge
* Groove metal
* Industrial metal
* Kawaii metal
* Latin metal
* Mathcore
* Metalcore
* Melodic
* Progressive
* Neoclassical metal
* Neue Deutsche Härte
* Nintendocore
* Nu metal
* Pagan metal
* Pirate metal
* Pornogrind
* Post-metal
* Pop metal
* Power metal
* Progressive metal
* Rap metal
* Sludge metal
* Speed metal
* Stoner metal
* Symphonic metal
* Thrash metal
* Crossover thrash
* Viking metal

Musical elements|

* Bass
* Fuzz bass
* Drumming
* Blast beat
* Cymbal choke
* Gallop drumbeat
* Guitar
* Distortion
* Guitar solo
* Palm muting
* Power chord
* Shred guitar
* Lyrics
* Vocals
* Death growl
* Screaming

Notable scenes
and movements|

* African heavy metal
* Argentine heavy metal
* Australian thrash metal
* Australian heavy metal
* Bangladeshi heavy metal
* Bay Area thrash metal
* Brazilian thrash metal
* Canadian heavy metal
* Chinese heavy metal
* Florida death metal
* Hungarian metal
* Indigenous metal music
* Japanese metal
* Les Légions Noires
* New wave of American heavy metal
* New wave of British heavy metal
* Early Norwegian black metal
* Palm Desert
* Swedish death metal
* Teutonic thrash metal
* Ukrainian metal

Culture|

* Bands
* Environmentalism
* Fashion
* Festivals
* Headbanging
* Heavy metal subculture
* Poseur
* Umlaut

* Hard rock
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Punk rock

Precursors|

* Garage rock
* Proto-punk
* Glam punk

Subgenres and
fusion genres|

* Anarcho-punk
* Crust punk
* D-beat
* Art punk
* Avant-punk
* Christian punk
* Christian hardcore
* Cowpunk
* Dance-punk
* Egg punk
* Emo
* Emo rap
* Folk punk
* Anti-folk
* Celtic punk
* Gypsy punk
* Garage punk
* Hardcore punk
* Beatdown hardcore
* Crossover thrash
* Digital hardcore
* Krishnacore
* Melodic hardcore
* Metalcore
* Deathcore
* Electronicore
* Crunkcore
* Nintendocore
* Mathcore
* Melodic metalcore
* Progressive metalcore
* Queercore
* Riot grrrl
* Taqwacore
* Thrashcore
* Horror punk
* Latino punk
* Nazi punk
* Oi!
* Street punk
* Pop-punk
* 2 Tone
* Skate punk
* Post-hardcore
* Psychobilly
* Punk blues
* Punk jazz
* Punk pathetique
* Punk rap
* Emo rap
* Ska punk
* Street punk
* Surf punk

Related genres|

* Alternative rock
* Gothic rock
* Grebo
* Grunge
* Industrial
* New wave
* Noise rock
* Post-punk
* Scene
* Speed metal
* Thrash metal
* Visual kei

By country|

* Australia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Estonia
* List of bands
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Netherlands
* Spain
* Sweden
* Könsrock
* Trallpunk
* United Kingdom
* Celtic punk
* Scottish Gaelic punk
* United States (California)
* Yugoslavia

People and groups|

* First wave punk musicians
* Second wave punk musicians
* List of punk bands
* #–K
* L–Z
* Punk filmmakers
* Women in punk rock

Related articles|

* List of punk compilation albums
* List of punk rock festivals
* Afro-punk
* Animal rights and punk subculture
* Conservative Punk
* Death of Brian Deneke
* DIY ethic
* Moshing
* Poseur
* Punk subculture
* Punk fashion
* Punk ideologies
* Punk visual art
* Punk literature
* Punk zine
* Puntala-rock
* Straight edge
* Punk films (List of punk films)
* Timeline of punk rock

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